Translate the following sentences into English.
Содержание книги
- Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Simple Tense, the Present Simple Tense, the Present Continuous Tense or the correct form of be going to.
- What do you know about the forces of gravity, friction and magnetism? How do they influence our lives?
- Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- Pre-listening: match the English words and phrases in the left column with their Ukrainian equivalents in the right column.
- force of gravity - magnetism - north/south pole
- In pairs, discuss what is meant by “simple machines”. Are they still in use today? If yes, give some examples.
- Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second one (A-G).
- Pre-listening: match the English words and phrases in the left column with their Ukrainian equivalents in the right column.
- to improve production processes - equipment
- Fill in the gaps with the proper item.
- In pairs, discuss what is meant by “complex machines”. Give examples of such machines.
- Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second one (A-G).
- These tasks can help you to practise grammar topic “The Modals: Permission - Obligation” (See Appendix 1 p. 230 – 234) and do the following exercises.
- Complete the sentences with should or shouldn't and the words in brackets.
- Name as many metals as you can? Where are they used?
- Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- Do you agree with the following proverbs? Discuss them with your classmates.
- Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple Passive.
- Look at the objects in the pictures. What materials do you think they are made of and why?
- Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- Listen to the text and complete the sentences.
- design and construction - dimensions of the object
- Put the questions into the Passive Voice.
- Listen to the conversations. Write the numbers.
- Work in pairs. What numbers do people usually consider lucky and unlucky and why?
- Translate the following sentences into English.
- Pre-listening match the words from the left column with their Ukrainian equivalents in the right column.
- Listen to the text and complete the sentences.
- Match the items in two columns in order to make correct Type 0 conditional sentences, as in the example.
- What other geometric figures do you know? Name the objects in the classroom that have the shape of a circle, triangle, square, rectangle, oval, arc, cube, cylinder, hexagon, etc.
- Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- Listen to the text and answer the following questions.
- Use the information from the table to complete the sentences below.
- Match the measuring instruments to their names.
- Pre-listening: match the words in the left column with their Ukrainian equivalents in the right column.
- Listen to the text and fill in the gaps.
- These tasks can help you to practise grammar topic “The Articles – Countable/ Uncountable Nouns” (See Appendix 1 p. 198 – 199) and do the following exercises.
- Match the invention to its inventor.
- Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second one (A-G).
- Listen to the text and answer the following questions.
- Fill in the gaps with some, any, no or one of their compounds.
- What other types of engines do you know? What is the difference between them?
- Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- Listen to the text and answer the following questions.
- Underline the proper item to complete the sentences.
- Why do you think design is necessary in industry?
- Group the following words into three columns: nouns, adjectives and verbs. Some of them fit into more than one column.
- Pre-listening: match the English words with their definitions.
- what information may be included in the website
- What do you think can be done to make manufacturing more environmentally friendly? Why is it important?
17. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Всі спостереження будуть проведені групою відомих вчених.
2. Магніт притягує залізо.
3. Усім відомо, що метали використовували багато років тому.
4. Вони побудують новий міст через 2 роки.
5. Текст перекладуть українською мовою.
6. Біля нашого університетету будують багатоповерховий будинок.
7.Наступного року в Японії зроблять нові транзистори.
UNIT 14
NUMERALS
LEAD-IN
1. Look at the picture and read the following Roman numerals.
2. Match the Arabic and Roman numbers. Why are Arabic numbers used in mathematics?
a
M
b
C
c
I
d
D
e
LX
f
L
g
V
h
XL
i
X
j
DCCC
READING
3. Read the text and match the sentences (A-C) to the numbered spaces (1-3) in the text:
A. Positional notation is made possible by the use of a symbol for zero.
B. Such a system is inconvenient when dealing with large numbers, and as early as 3400 BC in Egypt and 3000 BC in Mesopotamia a special symbol was adopted for the number 10.
C. The symbols are usually added together.
Numerals
Numerals are signs or symbols for graphic representation of numbers. The earliest forms of number notation were simply groups of straight lines, either vertical or horizontal, each line corresponding to the number 1.
The addition of this second number symbol made it possible to express the number 11 with 2 instead of 11 individual symbols and the number 99 with 18 instead of 99 individual symbols. Later numeral systems introduced extra symbols for a number between 1 and 10 and additional symbols for numbers greater than 10.
ROMAN NUMERALS. The system of number symbols created by the Romans had the merit of expressing all numbers from 1 to 1,000,000 with a total of seven symbols: I for 1, V for 5, X for 10, L for 50, C for 100, D for 500, and M for 1000.
Roman numerals are read from left to right. The symbols representing the largest quantities are placed at the left; immediately to the right of those are the symbols representing the next largest quantities, and so on.
For example, LX = 60, and MMCIII = 2103. When a numeral is smaller than the numeral to the right, however, the numeral on the left should be subtracted from the numeral on the right. For instance, XIV = 14 and IX = 9. A small bar (¯) placed over the numeral multiplies the numeral by 1000. Thus, theoretically, it is possible, by using an infinite number of bars, to express the numbers from 1 to infinity. The Roman system's one drawback, however, is that it is not suitable for rapid written calculations.
ARABIC NUMERALS. The common system of number notation in use in most parts of the world today is the Arabic system. This system was first developed by the Hindus and was in use in India in the 3rd century BC. The Hindu numeral system was probably introduced into the Arab world about the 7th or 8th century AD. The first recorded use of the system in Europe was in ad 976.
The important innovation in the Arabic system was the use of positional notation, in which individual number symbols assume different values according to their position in the written numeral.
The symbol 0 makes it possible to differentiate between 11, 101, and 1001, and all numbers can be expressed in terms of ten symbols, the numerals from 1 to 9 plus 0.
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