Look at the objects in the pictures. What materials do you think they are made of and why?
Содержание книги
- Look at the pictures which show the problems of the environment and match the suggestions with their problems.
- Pre-listening: match the words on the left to the words on the right.
- Listen to three people taking part in a survey about recycling. Mark statements as Yes (Ö) or No (c).
- Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
- What is force? Give examples of forces acting on people and objects around us.
- Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second one (A-G).
- Think of examples of natural materials that can change shape or colour, or repair themselves. Discuss with your partner what forces are used in these processes.
- Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Simple Tense, the Present Simple Tense, the Present Continuous Tense or the correct form of be going to.
- What do you know about the forces of gravity, friction and magnetism? How do they influence our lives?
- Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- Pre-listening: match the English words and phrases in the left column with their Ukrainian equivalents in the right column.
- force of gravity - magnetism - north/south pole
- In pairs, discuss what is meant by “simple machines”. Are they still in use today? If yes, give some examples.
- Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second one (A-G).
- Pre-listening: match the English words and phrases in the left column with their Ukrainian equivalents in the right column.
- to improve production processes - equipment
- Fill in the gaps with the proper item.
- In pairs, discuss what is meant by “complex machines”. Give examples of such machines.
- Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second one (A-G).
- These tasks can help you to practise grammar topic “The Modals: Permission - Obligation” (See Appendix 1 p. 230 – 234) and do the following exercises.
- Complete the sentences with should or shouldn't and the words in brackets.
- Name as many metals as you can? Where are they used?
- Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- Do you agree with the following proverbs? Discuss them with your classmates.
- Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple Passive.
- Look at the objects in the pictures. What materials do you think they are made of and why?
- Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- Listen to the text and complete the sentences.
- design and construction - dimensions of the object
- Put the questions into the Passive Voice.
- Listen to the conversations. Write the numbers.
- Work in pairs. What numbers do people usually consider lucky and unlucky and why?
- Translate the following sentences into English.
- Pre-listening match the words from the left column with their Ukrainian equivalents in the right column.
- Listen to the text and complete the sentences.
- Match the items in two columns in order to make correct Type 0 conditional sentences, as in the example.
- What other geometric figures do you know? Name the objects in the classroom that have the shape of a circle, triangle, square, rectangle, oval, arc, cube, cylinder, hexagon, etc.
- Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- Listen to the text and answer the following questions.
- Use the information from the table to complete the sentences below.
- Match the measuring instruments to their names.
- Pre-listening: match the words in the left column with their Ukrainian equivalents in the right column.
- Listen to the text and fill in the gaps.
- These tasks can help you to practise grammar topic “The Articles – Countable/ Uncountable Nouns” (See Appendix 1 p. 198 – 199) and do the following exercises.
- Match the invention to its inventor.
- Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second one (A-G).
- Listen to the text and answer the following questions.
- Fill in the gaps with some, any, no or one of their compounds.
- What other types of engines do you know? What is the difference between them?
- Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
LEAD-IN
1. Look at the objects in the pictures. What materials do you think they are made of and why?
A
B
C
D
2. In pairs, discuss what is meant by mechanical properties. What mechanical properties do you know?
READING
3. Read the text and decide whether the statements that follow are true or false.
Mechanical Properties
Mechanicalproperties are those associated with how a material reacts when subjected to external forces. Force will cause material to become stressed. Stress relates to how much load is applied to a given area. Strain is another result of the application of force. This is defined as the amount of distortion (extension or compression) that takes place per unit of length.
Strengthis the ability of a material to withstand force without breaking or permanently bending.
Elasticityis the ability of a material to bent and flex when subjected to a force and then to return to its previous form when the force is removed. Structures such as bridges and tall building must have a degree of elasticity.
Plasticityis the ability of a material to be changed permanently in shape (deformed) by the application of an external force without breaking or fractures. Most materials become more plastic when heated. The extent to which a material's shape can become changed by hammering, rolling or pressing is called malleability. Another associated term is ductility; this is the ability to undergo cold plastic deformation by bending or stretching. All ductile materials are malleable, but all malleable materials are not necessarily ductile.
Hardnessis the ability to resist abrasive wear, indentation and deformation. This is the important property of cutting tools such as turning tools, drills, files and saws.
Toughnessis the ability to withstand sudden stress in the form of shocks or blows without fracturing, and also to resist cracking when subjected to bending forces. Repeated bending will cause the toughness of some materials to break down such that they will eventually fracture.
Brittlenessis the opposite of toughness. A brittle material will not withstand shocks or bending without fracture.
Durabilityis the ability to withstand wear, tear and deterioration with time. Durability refers to both the mechanical properties and the appearance of the surface, particularly of metals, is corrosion. Plastic materials are generally less prone to corrosive effects and are therefore durable.
Stabilityis the ability to resist changes in shape and size over time. Wood is particularly unstable and tends to warp and twist with changes in humidity. Metals and some plastics tend to gradually deform when subjected to stress over long periods; this process is known as creep.
1. All malleable materials are ductile, but all ductile materials are not necessarily malleable.
2. Plastics are generally less prone to corrosive effects and are therefore durable.
3. Structures such as bridges and tall building must have a degree of stability.
4. Stabilityis the ability to resist changes in form and size over time.
5. Chemicalproperties are those associated with how a material reacts when subjected to external forces.
6. Strengthis the ability to resist abrasive wear, indentation and deformation.
7. Strengthis the ability of a material to withstand power without breaking or permanently bending.
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
|
