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Name as many metals as you can? Where are they used?
Содержание книги
- Write these sentences into the Present Simple negative form.
- Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- Pre-listening. Match the English words on the left to their Ukrainian equivalents on the right.
- Some of the following sentences contain mistakes. Find the mistakes and correct them.
- Look at the pictures which show the problems of the environment and match the suggestions with their problems.
- Pre-listening: match the words on the left to the words on the right.
- Listen to three people taking part in a survey about recycling. Mark statements as Yes (Ö) or No (c).
- Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
- What is force? Give examples of forces acting on people and objects around us.
- Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second one (A-G).
- Think of examples of natural materials that can change shape or colour, or repair themselves. Discuss with your partner what forces are used in these processes.
- Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Simple Tense, the Present Simple Tense, the Present Continuous Tense or the correct form of be going to.
- What do you know about the forces of gravity, friction and magnetism? How do they influence our lives?
- Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- Pre-listening: match the English words and phrases in the left column with their Ukrainian equivalents in the right column.
- force of gravity - magnetism - north/south pole
- In pairs, discuss what is meant by “simple machines”. Are they still in use today? If yes, give some examples.
- Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second one (A-G).
- Pre-listening: match the English words and phrases in the left column with their Ukrainian equivalents in the right column.
- to improve production processes - equipment
- Fill in the gaps with the proper item.
- In pairs, discuss what is meant by “complex machines”. Give examples of such machines.
- Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second one (A-G).
- These tasks can help you to practise grammar topic “The Modals: Permission - Obligation” (See Appendix 1 p. 230 – 234) and do the following exercises.
- Complete the sentences with should or shouldn't and the words in brackets.
- Name as many metals as you can? Where are they used?
- Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- Do you agree with the following proverbs? Discuss them with your classmates.
- Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple Passive.
- Look at the objects in the pictures. What materials do you think they are made of and why?
- Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- Listen to the text and complete the sentences.
- design and construction - dimensions of the object
- Put the questions into the Passive Voice.
- Listen to the conversations. Write the numbers.
- Work in pairs. What numbers do people usually consider lucky and unlucky and why?
- Translate the following sentences into English.
- Pre-listening match the words from the left column with their Ukrainian equivalents in the right column.
- Listen to the text and complete the sentences.
- Match the items in two columns in order to make correct Type 0 conditional sentences, as in the example.
- What other geometric figures do you know? Name the objects in the classroom that have the shape of a circle, triangle, square, rectangle, oval, arc, cube, cylinder, hexagon, etc.
- Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- Listen to the text and answer the following questions.
- Use the information from the table to complete the sentences below.
- Match the measuring instruments to their names.
- Pre-listening: match the words in the left column with their Ukrainian equivalents in the right column.
- Listen to the text and fill in the gaps.
- These tasks can help you to practise grammar topic “The Articles – Countable/ Uncountable Nouns” (See Appendix 1 p. 198 – 199) and do the following exercises.
- Match the invention to its inventor.
- Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second one (A-G).
A
B
C
D
2. Name as many metals as you can? Where are they used?
READING
3. Read the text and correct the statements that follow.
Metals
One basis of classification of the elements groups them into metals and non-metals. It is now 2,000 years since Julius Caesar was stabbed in a small auditorium known as Pompey's Curia and his body cremated in the Roman Forum. Since that time, many changes have taken place, but many things have remained the same. Steel is still the basic material of armaments, although, it is not used in the manufacture of shields and short swords. Gold, silver, and copper are, as 2,000 years ago, the coinage metals. Bronze is still used for objects intended to resist the corrosive action of the atmosphere.
Knowledge of the metals, of course, has increased, greatly since Caesar's day. The Roman world knew, at least, copper, lead, gold, silver, tin, iron, mercury, and zinc (in a copper alloy). To this list, the twentieth-century's man in the street might add aluminium, magnesium, nickel, chromium, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, uranium, and one or two others.
The first metals which were used by primitive man were those that are found free in nature to a comparatively large extent. These are gold, silver, and copper. Tin entered the metal picture when someone discovered, probably accidentally, that if it was mixed with copper the resulting substance was harder. So there came into being the alloy that we call bronze, a material which was so important in the ancient world that its name is given to one of the cultural stages in human development. The Bronze Age began in Egypt around 3,000 BC and in Europe some 500 or 1,000 years later.
Since almost no iron exists free in nature, it undoubtedly came into general use somewhat later than those just mentioned. As soon as methods were developed for separating iron from its ores in reasonably large quantities and at fairly low cost, it ceased to be classed as a precious material and began its career as the world's most valuable metal from the standpoint of actual use.
Metals are mostly solids at ordinary temperature and have comparatively high melting points with the exception of mercury. They are for the most part good conductors of heat and electricity. They can be drawn into fine wires and hammered into thin sheets, characteristics that are called ductility and malleability, respectively. An ounce of gold can be drawn into a wire almost 50 miles long or hammered into a sheet that has an area of between 175 and 200 square feet.
From the point of tonnage produced and used, iron is the world's most common metal, followed in turn by copper, zinc, lead and aluminium.
1. Bronze is still the basic material of armaments, although, it is not used in the manufacture of shields and short swords.
2. The Roman world knew, at least, copper, lead, gold, silver, tin, iron, mercury, aluminium and zinc.
3. Non-metals are mostly solids at ordinary temperature and have comparatively high melting points.
4. The Bronze Age began in Europe around 3,000 BC and in Egypt some 500 or 1,000 years later.
5. One basis of classification of the elements groups them into solids and liquids.
6. Gold, silver, and bronze are, as 2,000 years ago, the coinage metals.
7. Iron is still used for objects intended to resist the corrosive action of the atmosphere.
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