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Match the invention to its inventor.
Содержание книги
- These tasks can help you to practise grammar topic “The Modals: Permission - Obligation” (See Appendix 1 p. 230 – 234) and do the following exercises.
- Complete the sentences with should or shouldn't and the words in brackets.
- Name as many metals as you can? Where are they used?
- Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- Do you agree with the following proverbs? Discuss them with your classmates.
- Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple Passive.
- Look at the objects in the pictures. What materials do you think they are made of and why?
- Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- Listen to the text and complete the sentences.
- design and construction - dimensions of the object
- Put the questions into the Passive Voice.
- Listen to the conversations. Write the numbers.
- Work in pairs. What numbers do people usually consider lucky and unlucky and why?
- Translate the following sentences into English.
- Pre-listening match the words from the left column with their Ukrainian equivalents in the right column.
- Listen to the text and complete the sentences.
- Match the items in two columns in order to make correct Type 0 conditional sentences, as in the example.
- What other geometric figures do you know? Name the objects in the classroom that have the shape of a circle, triangle, square, rectangle, oval, arc, cube, cylinder, hexagon, etc.
- Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- Listen to the text and answer the following questions.
- Use the information from the table to complete the sentences below.
- Match the measuring instruments to their names.
- Pre-listening: match the words in the left column with their Ukrainian equivalents in the right column.
- Listen to the text and fill in the gaps.
- These tasks can help you to practise grammar topic “The Articles – Countable/ Uncountable Nouns” (See Appendix 1 p. 198 – 199) and do the following exercises.
- Match the invention to its inventor.
- Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second one (A-G).
- Listen to the text and answer the following questions.
- Fill in the gaps with some, any, no or one of their compounds.
- What other types of engines do you know? What is the difference between them?
- Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- Listen to the text and answer the following questions.
- Underline the proper item to complete the sentences.
- Why do you think design is necessary in industry?
- Group the following words into three columns: nouns, adjectives and verbs. Some of them fit into more than one column.
- Pre-listening: match the English words with their definitions.
- what information may be included in the website
- What do you think can be done to make manufacturing more environmentally friendly? Why is it important?
- Listen to the text and answer the following questions.
- Listen to the text again and complete the sentences.
- Complete the following sentences using the correct prepositions.
- Grammar references. Іменник (the noun). Множина іменників. Присвійний відмінок іменника
- Неозначені займенники some, any, no та їх похідні somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, no one, nothing.
- Прикметник (the Adjective) / Прислівник (the Adverb)
- good – well. hard – hard. early – early. fast – fast. late – late. long – long. high – high. straight – straight. low – low. deep – deep. right – right. near – near. wrong - wrong. good/well. bad/badly. much/many/a lot of. little. better. farther/further.
- Порядок слів у розповідному, запитальному та заперечному реченні. Коротка відповідь на запитання.
- підмет. присудок. додаток. обставина місця. обставина часу. Що робить?. I. Загальні запитання. I. Спеціальні запитання. Who didJohn see yesterday?. III. Альтернативні запитання
- Особливості вимови та написання дієслівних закінчень.
- Утворення часів активного стану (див. Зведену таблицю часів активного стану)
- Активний стан Дієслова (the Active Voice)
UNIT 17
INVENTIONS
LEAD-IN
1. Match the invention to its inventor.
Telephone
Morse Code
Hot-air balloon
Automobile
Airplane
Diesel engine
Helicopter
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
Igor Sikorsky
Rudolf Diesel
Montgolfier brothers
Wright brothers
Karl Benz
Samuel Morse
Alexander Graham Bell
2. What do you think are the most outstanding inventions in human history? Why are they important?
READING
3. Read the text and put the inventions in the chronological order:
- invention of writing;
- the use of fossil fuels as sources of energy, the improvement of metallurgical processes, the development of electricity and electronics, the invention of the internal-combustion engine, and the use of metal and cement in construction work;
- inventive use of stone and metal implements;
- invention of movable type;
- inventive use of metal implements.
Inventions
Invention is creation of new devices, objects, ideas, or procedures useful in accomplishing human objectives.
In most countries, certain classes of inventions are legally recognized, and their use is temporarily restricted to the control of the inventor. In the United States, any new and useful art, machine, manufacture, or material, or any new and useful improvement of these, may be protected by patent; written material, music, paintings, sculpture, and photographs may be protected by copyright.
The earliest artifacts show evidence of human inventiveness. The names of the great archaeological ages—the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age—are derived from the inventive use of stone and metal implements. The period of recorded history began with the invention of writing, and writing as a means of mass communication became important with the invention of movable type in the 15th century.
The machine age, which began with the Industrial Revolution and continues to this day, developed from a group of inventions, of which the most important include the use of fossil fuels such as coal as sources of energy, the improvement of metallurgical processes (especially of steel and aluminum), the development of electricity and electronics, the invention of the internal-combustion engine, and the use of metal and cement in construction work.
Early inventors were usually isolated and unable to support themselves through their inventions. In some cases, although two individuals working independently achieved the same innovation simultaneously, only one was recognized for the discovery. For example, the American inventors Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell applied for a patent on the telephone on the same day. Credit for the discovery of the calculus was fought for bitterly by the English scientist and mathematician Sir Isaac Newton and the German philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.
Today most modern inventions and discoveries take place in large research organizations supported by universities, government agencies, private industries, or privately endowed foundations. Because of this, ascribing any single invention to a specific person has become difficult. An example of collective effort in producing an important invention is the development of the electronic digital computer, a device essential to storing, retrieving, and manipulating vast amounts of information.
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