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Why do you think design is necessary in industry?
Содержание книги
- Listen to the text and complete the sentences.
- design and construction - dimensions of the object
- Put the questions into the Passive Voice.
- Listen to the conversations. Write the numbers.
- Work in pairs. What numbers do people usually consider lucky and unlucky and why?
- Translate the following sentences into English.
- Pre-listening match the words from the left column with their Ukrainian equivalents in the right column.
- Listen to the text and complete the sentences.
- Match the items in two columns in order to make correct Type 0 conditional sentences, as in the example.
- What other geometric figures do you know? Name the objects in the classroom that have the shape of a circle, triangle, square, rectangle, oval, arc, cube, cylinder, hexagon, etc.
- Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- Listen to the text and answer the following questions.
- Use the information from the table to complete the sentences below.
- Match the measuring instruments to their names.
- Pre-listening: match the words in the left column with their Ukrainian equivalents in the right column.
- Listen to the text and fill in the gaps.
- These tasks can help you to practise grammar topic “The Articles – Countable/ Uncountable Nouns” (See Appendix 1 p. 198 – 199) and do the following exercises.
- Match the invention to its inventor.
- Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second one (A-G).
- Listen to the text and answer the following questions.
- Fill in the gaps with some, any, no or one of their compounds.
- What other types of engines do you know? What is the difference between them?
- Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- Listen to the text and answer the following questions.
- Underline the proper item to complete the sentences.
- Why do you think design is necessary in industry?
- Group the following words into three columns: nouns, adjectives and verbs. Some of them fit into more than one column.
- Pre-listening: match the English words with their definitions.
- what information may be included in the website
- What do you think can be done to make manufacturing more environmentally friendly? Why is it important?
- Listen to the text and answer the following questions.
- Listen to the text again and complete the sentences.
- Complete the following sentences using the correct prepositions.
- Grammar references. Іменник (the noun). Множина іменників. Присвійний відмінок іменника
- Неозначені займенники some, any, no та їх похідні somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, no one, nothing.
- Прикметник (the Adjective) / Прислівник (the Adverb)
- good – well. hard – hard. early – early. fast – fast. late – late. long – long. high – high. straight – straight. low – low. deep – deep. right – right. near – near. wrong - wrong. good/well. bad/badly. much/many/a lot of. little. better. farther/further.
- Порядок слів у розповідному, запитальному та заперечному реченні. Коротка відповідь на запитання.
- підмет. присудок. додаток. обставина місця. обставина часу. Що робить?. I. Загальні запитання. I. Спеціальні запитання. Who didJohn see yesterday?. III. Альтернативні запитання
- Особливості вимови та написання дієслівних закінчень.
- Утворення часів активного стану (див. Зведену таблицю часів активного стану)
- Активний стан Дієслова (the Active Voice)
- Doyou work? –Doeshe work? Yes, I do. / No, he doesn’t.
- Yesterday, last night/week/month/year/Monday, та ін, two days/ weeks/months/years ago, then, when, in 1992, та ін.
- Washe / werethey watching? – Yes, he was. / No, they weren’t.
- when, while, as, all day/night/morning, та ін.
- Willhe /she / they have left? - Yes, he / she / they will. No, he / she / they won’t.
- Before, after, already, just, till/until, when, by, by the time, та ін.
- THE Present Perfect-Continuous
- the Present Simple: am/is/are + pp
A
B
C
D
2. Why do you think design is necessary in industry?
READING
3. Read the text and find the expressions which mean:
a. the art and science involved in the creation of machine-made products;
b. farm machinery, industrial tools, transportation equipment;
c. air conditioners, irons, electrical kettles, microwave ovens and other domestic electrical devices.
Industrial Design
Industrial design is the art and science involved in the creation of machine-made products. It is concerned with aesthetic appearance as well as with functional efficiency. The successful design gives profit to its manufacturer and pleasure to its owner.
The term industrial design was originated in 1919 by the American industrial designer Joseph Sinel. Initially, industrial designers dealt only with machine-made consumer products. Eventually, however, they started designing capital goods, such as farm machinery, industrial tools, transportation equipment, and the planning of exhibitions, commercial buildings and packaging.
CRITERIA. Under prevailing standards of design, a product should have beauty of line, color, proportion, and texture; high efficiency and safety of operation; convenience or comfort in use; ease of maintenance and repair; durability. A consideration basic to all good design is the factor of realistic cost.
PRODUCT DESIGN. Today industrial design has been applied to practically all consumer products, notably to home appliances, such as air conditioners, irons, office equipment, such as typewriters, dictaphones, electronic communications equipment, such as radios, television sets, and others.
METHODS. Every design problem requires special procedures, timing, and techniques, but there is a general routine applicable to all. After the industrial designer is informed of the needs of the client, specialists associated with the designer conduct a study of competitive products. A design program is planned, and preliminary designs of the proposed product are then sketched on the basis of the available plant facilities. Rough sketches are chosen for further refinement and study, and the client is then presented with design studies, often in the form of a small model. Following the selection of the approved design, working drawings indicating the choice of materials and the specifications for finishing and assembly are prepared. A handmade working model is then manufactured and submitted to the client for approval. In the case of an automobile, for example, one or several are handmade and tested at proving grounds before final machine dies are ordered and production begins.
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