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What do you think can be done to make manufacturing more environmentally friendly? Why is it important?
Содержание книги
- Work in pairs. What numbers do people usually consider lucky and unlucky and why?
- Translate the following sentences into English.
- Pre-listening match the words from the left column with their Ukrainian equivalents in the right column.
- Listen to the text and complete the sentences.
- Match the items in two columns in order to make correct Type 0 conditional sentences, as in the example.
- What other geometric figures do you know? Name the objects in the classroom that have the shape of a circle, triangle, square, rectangle, oval, arc, cube, cylinder, hexagon, etc.
- Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- Listen to the text and answer the following questions.
- Use the information from the table to complete the sentences below.
- Match the measuring instruments to their names.
- Pre-listening: match the words in the left column with their Ukrainian equivalents in the right column.
- Listen to the text and fill in the gaps.
- These tasks can help you to practise grammar topic “The Articles – Countable/ Uncountable Nouns” (See Appendix 1 p. 198 – 199) and do the following exercises.
- Match the invention to its inventor.
- Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second one (A-G).
- Listen to the text and answer the following questions.
- Fill in the gaps with some, any, no or one of their compounds.
- What other types of engines do you know? What is the difference between them?
- Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- Listen to the text and answer the following questions.
- Underline the proper item to complete the sentences.
- Why do you think design is necessary in industry?
- Group the following words into three columns: nouns, adjectives and verbs. Some of them fit into more than one column.
- Pre-listening: match the English words with their definitions.
- what information may be included in the website
- What do you think can be done to make manufacturing more environmentally friendly? Why is it important?
- Listen to the text and answer the following questions.
- Listen to the text again and complete the sentences.
- Complete the following sentences using the correct prepositions.
- Grammar references. Іменник (the noun). Множина іменників. Присвійний відмінок іменника
- Неозначені займенники some, any, no та їх похідні somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, no one, nothing.
- Прикметник (the Adjective) / Прислівник (the Adverb)
- good – well. hard – hard. early – early. fast – fast. late – late. long – long. high – high. straight – straight. low – low. deep – deep. right – right. near – near. wrong - wrong. good/well. bad/badly. much/many/a lot of. little. better. farther/further.
- Порядок слів у розповідному, запитальному та заперечному реченні. Коротка відповідь на запитання.
- підмет. присудок. додаток. обставина місця. обставина часу. Що робить?. I. Загальні запитання. I. Спеціальні запитання. Who didJohn see yesterday?. III. Альтернативні запитання
- Особливості вимови та написання дієслівних закінчень.
- Утворення часів активного стану (див. Зведену таблицю часів активного стану)
- Активний стан Дієслова (the Active Voice)
- Doyou work? –Doeshe work? Yes, I do. / No, he doesn’t.
- Yesterday, last night/week/month/year/Monday, та ін, two days/ weeks/months/years ago, then, when, in 1992, та ін.
- Washe / werethey watching? – Yes, he was. / No, they weren’t.
- when, while, as, all day/night/morning, та ін.
- Willhe /she / they have left? - Yes, he / she / they will. No, he / she / they won’t.
- Before, after, already, just, till/until, when, by, by the time, та ін.
- THE Present Perfect-Continuous
- the Present Simple: am/is/are + pp
- Модальні дієслова (the Modal Verbs)
- Узгодження часів (the Sequence of Tenses)
- Перетворення стверджувальних та заперечних речень у непряму мову.
- Перетворення запитальних речень у непряму мову
UNIT 20
MANUFACTURING
LEAD-IN
1. What do you think can be done to make manufacturing more environmentally friendly? Why is it important?
2. In pairs, discuss the benefits and problems of recycling technologies in manufacturing.
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B
READING
3. Read the text and decide whether the statements that follow are true or false.
Manufacturing
Manufacturing is producing goods that are necessary for modern life from raw materials. Originally manufacturing was accomplished by hand, but most of today's modern manufacturing operations are highly mechanized and automated.
There are three main processes involved in virtually all manufacturing: assembly, extraction, and alteration. Assembly is the combination of parts to make a product. For example, an airplane is assembled when the manufacturer puts together the engines, wings, and fuselage. Extraction is the process of removing one or more components from raw materials, such as obtaining gasoline from crude oil. Alteration is modifying or molding raw materials into a final product—for example, sawing trees into lumber.
TYPES OF MANUFACTURING. Manufacturing processes can produce either durable or nondurable goods. Durable goods are products that exist for long periods of time without significant deterioration, such as automobiles, airplanes, and refrigerators. Nondurable goods are items that have a comparatively limited life span, such as clothing, food, and paper.
FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES. Manufacturing systems today are designed to recycle many of their components. For example, in the automotive industry, excess steel and aluminum can become scrap stock for new metal, rubber tires can be chopped and mixed with asphalt for new roadways, and engine starters can be remanufactured and sold again.
Emission control will be a critical issue for future manufacturers. Smoke scrubbers must remove dangerous gases and particulates from industrial plant discharges, and manufacturing facilities that dump chemicals into rivers must develop methods of eliminating or reusing these waste products.
The economically advantageous automated factory has become the norm. Most automobile engines are manufactured using robotic tools and handling systems that deliver the engine to various machining sites. Computers with sophisticated inventory tracking programs make it possible for items to be assembled and delivered at the manufacturing facility only as they are needed.
Engineers use computers to help them design new products efficiently. The Boeing 777 jet, for example, was developed in record time by having its entire design and manufacturing systems created on a computer database rather than using traditional blueprints.
1. Extraction is the combination of parts to make a product.
2. Most automobile engines are manufactured using robotic tools and handling systems that deliver the motor to various machining sites.
3. Manufacturing systems today recycle many of their components.
4. Manufacturing is manufacturing goods that are necessary for modern life from raw materials.
5. Extraction is the process of removing one or more components from raw materials, such as receiving gasoline from crude oil.
6. There are three main processes involved in virtually all manufacturing: separation, extraction, and alteration.
7. Assembly is modifying or molding raw materials into a final product—for example, sawing trees into lumber.
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