Past Perfect и Future Perfect

Past Perfect представляет собой “предпрошедшее” время по отношению к другому моменту в прошлом, до которого закончилось действие; в то время как Future Perfect употребляетсся для выражения будущего дейст­вия, которое совершитсся к определенному моменту в будущем.

Этот момент в прошлом и будущем может быть выра­жен следующими указаниями времени:

By that time, by two o'clock, by Sunday, by the end of the year/month, a

также другим прошедшим действием, выраженным в Past Indefinite и

будущим действием в Present Indefi­nite.

The students had passed Студенты сдали экзамен к

the exam by 2 o'clock двум часам (вчера).

(yesterday).

The students will have Студенты сдадут экзамен к

passed the exam by 2 2 часам (завтра).

o'clock (tomorrow).

Past Perfect употребляется, когда прерывается по­следовательность описываемых действий в прошлом упо­минанием о ранее совершившихся действиях.

Ann came home late. She Анна пришла домой позд-

had been to the theatre, но. Она была в театре. Она

She had supper and went поужинала и легла спать.

to bed.

Past Perfect употребляется в главном предложении при наличии наречий hardly, no sooner

(в последующем придаточном предложении употреблено Past Indefinite).

 

No sooner I had done my homework, He успел я сделать домашнее задание,

than my friends came как пришли друзья

 

 

Future Perfect-in-the Past употребляется в придаточ­ных дополнительных предложениях

для выражения будущего действия, которое совершится к определенно­му моменту, когда

глагол в главном предложении упо­треблен в прошедшем времени.

The teacher said that he Учитель сказал, что вер-
would have returned нется из Лондона к перво-
from London by the 1st му сентября,
of September.

Времена группы Perfect переводятся на русский язык соответственно настоящим,

прошедшим и буду­щим временем глагола совершенного вида.

 

 

Exercises.

 

1. Проанализируйте времена сказуемого в следую­щих предложениях.

а)1. I haven't seen you for ages. 2. We have alreadydiscussed this problem. 3. He has never been to England.Have you seen this film yet? - No, I haven't seen it.Have you ever been abroad? - Yes, I have.\6. I have known them for three years. 7. Have you spoken with your teacher today? 8. After I have done my homework, I shall go for a walk. 9. I haven't decided yet where to continue
my studies. 10. We haven't met her since we left school.

б)1. We had got to the theatre by 6 o'clock. 2. When we arrived, the performance had just begun. 3. They had met long before they left school. 4. By the end of the year he had learnt a lot of new English words. 5. I saw the film after I had read the novel. 6. No sooner had we got home,
than it became dark.

в)1. I shall have translated the text by 5 o'clock.2. We shall have passed our final exams by the end of June. 3. He will have read this book by tomorrow. 4. It will have stopped raining before we leave the party. 5. The manager will have signed the documents after we dis­cuss the contract in detail. 6. He said that he had bought a present for his friend's birthday."

 

2.Поставьте предложения в отрицательную и воп­росительную форму.

1. They have received a new flat this year. 2. She has been to Italy. 3. They have already heard the news.

4. I have known his father. 5. He had worked at a plant before the army. 6. We had studied German

before we began to study English. 7. She had written the letter by 5 o'clock. 8. The children will have

done their homework before their parents come home. 9. It will have stopped raining by noon.

3. Ответьте на вопросы.

Have you ever read English books in the original?

Have you ever been abroad?

Has your sister ever been to England?

Have you ever played any musical instrument?

Who has just phoned you?

Which of you has never seen mountains?

What exams had you passed before your English?

Where had you studied before entering the University?

By what time will you have finished your work?

 

4.Скажите, что вы выполнили задание.

Образец: Do your homework. - I have already (just)done it.

1. Clean the room. 2. Do your hair. 3. Have a good rest. 4. Make coffee. 5. Pack your things.

6. Close the door. 7. Give up smoking. 8. Tell me the truth. 9. Buy a new coat. 10. Finish the work. 11. Have breakfast. 12. In­vite him to come.

 

5.Преобразуйте предложения, употребив the Past и the Future Perfect.

Образец; I was reading a book at 5 o'clock.

I had read a book by-5 o'clock yesterday.

I shall have read a book by 5 o'clock
tomorrow.

1. She was making dinner at that time. 2. We were translating the text when you came.

3. They were writing a dictation when I entered the classroom. 4. The students were taking

their exams from 9 till 12 o'clock. 5. He was having a shower when the telephone rang. 6. The boys were playing foootball when it began to rain.

6. Раскройте скобки, употребив нужную видо-вре-менную форму глагола.

1. You (see) this film? 2. He (be) at the cinema with you? 3. You (taste) the cake? 4. The pupils (not, do) their exercises yet. 5. I (not, meet) my school friend for many years. 6. She told me everything about him after he (leave). 7. When we arrived the concert already (begin). 8. I asked him what countries he (visit). 9. I hope you (come) home from school by 2 o'clock. 10. I (finish) everything by the time you get back tomorrow. 11. If we don't hurry the sun (set) before we reach the top. 12. I saw Tom yesterday but I (not to see) him today. 13. You ever (drive) a car? -No, this is the first time I (drive) a car. 14. The tourists just (arrive) in London and everything (be) new for them. 15. He went back to his home town and was surprised that the town (change) a lot. 16. We are late. The performance already (start) by the time we get to the theatre.

 

Заключение и задание на дом

1)Подведение итогов. Summing up

2) задание на дом: Setting homework: go over your grammar rules and examples relating to the use of the Perfect Tenses very carefully. Write Exercises.

-изучить новую грамматическую конструкцию,правило;

-выполнить грамматические упражнения по соответствующей теме из учебника «Английский язык для медицинских колледжей и училищ» и других дополнительных источников (Английский язык:2770 упражнений и тестов для школьников и поступающих в вузы/ Н.Г.Брюсова, И.М.Васильева, И.Ю.Истомина и др./) ХведченяЛ. В. Английский язык для поступающих в вузы.