The symptoms and signs of a fracture.

Shock. Always present in some degree with any fracture. May be severe.Pain and tenderness at the site of the fracture, quickly followed by bruising and swelling.

Bleeding if there is an open fracture.

Loss of power in the affected part. Generally speaking if a limb is broken, it cannot be moved, and never without pain. Irregularity on the surface of the bone, e.g., on the collar­bone or the bone of an arm. In an open fracture the ends of the broken bone may be sticking out of the wound.

Deformity and unnatural movement. A person's leg which has been broken may be crumpled up underneath him with the foot turned round the wrong way. The bones of the leg may be bent in a place where there is no joint, e. g., between the knee and the foot if both bones of the leg are broken.

Crepitus. This is a grating sensation which may sometimes be felt and even heard and is caused by the ends of the broken bone rubbing one against the other when moved. On no account must a first aider ever try to obtain this sensation by rubbing the ends of the bone together. By doing so lie may make the break worse, and in any case will cause much pain and increase shock.

The injured part should be prevented from mov­ing. Usually, an X-ray is necessary to confirm whether there is a fracture or not. The injured part can be immobilized with a splint. A splint can be ready-made or improvized from any stiff material (stick, ruler, magazine and so on). The splint| should be wider than the limb being splinted, and long enough to prevent movements of the joints near the fracture. Bind the splint in place above and below the fracture. If the person has a compound fracture you must take some sterile gauze, put it over the wound and take the patient to the hos­pital immediately A compound fracture is more serious, in which broken bone has pierced the skin.

 

Приложение № 5

Тренировка в употреблении лексики.

Применение нового учебного материала

 

 

Exercises.

 

1 Answer the questions.

1 What are the fractures caused by?

.2.What are the symptoms of the fracture?

4. Is it necessary to use X-ray?

5. What kind of splints are used for immobilization?

6.What fractures are more serious?

 

.Give Russian equivalents:

Direct violence, a missile such as a bomb splinter(реактивный снаряд, такой как осколок мины,бомбы) a piece of brick or falling debris(падающие осколки),

Indirect violence. A bone may be broken at some distance from the place where violence is actually applied. For example, if a man falls heavily on an outstretched hand, he may break the collar bone(ключица) on that side without injuring the hand; a person jumping from a height and landing on his feet with bis legs held stiffly may break his back. This is known as a “fracture by indirect violence”.

A complicated fracture. When the sharp ragged-неровный ends of a broken bone damage an internal organ such as the brain or lungs or tear some important blood vessel or never, this is known as a “complicated fracture”.

Shock. Always present in some degree with any fracture. May be severe.Pain and tenderness at the site of the fracture, quickly followed by bruising and swelling.

Deformity and unnatural movement. A person's leg which has been broken may be crumpled up underneath him with the foot turned round the wrong way. The bones of the leg may be bent in a place where there is no joint, e. g., between the knee and the foot if both bones of the leg are broken.

Crepitus(.хруст)This is a grating sensation(резкое неприятное ощущение) which may sometimes be felt and even heard and is caused by the ends of the broken bone rubbing one against the other when moved.

The injured part should be prevented from mov­ing. Usually, an X-ray is necessary to confirm whether there is a fracture or not. The injured part can be immobilized with a splint. A splint can be ready-made or improvized from any stiff material (stick, ruler, magazine and so on). The splint| should be wider than the limb being splinted, and long enough to prevent movements of the joints near the fracture. Bind the splint in place above and below the fracture. If the person has a compound fracture you must take some sterile gauze, put it over the wound and take the patient to the hos­pital immediately

 

 

3.Translate into English.

может быть деформация, пострадавшая (поврежден­ная) часть, необходим рентген, подтвердить перелом, готовая шина, шире, чем конечность, предотвратить движения суставов, привязывать шину, взять стериль­ную марлю, сложный перелом, более серьезный, поло­манная кость, пронзить кожу.

 

Приложение № 6

Заключение и задание на дом

 

1) Подведение итогов: Summing up: Can somebody sum up what has been said? (Summarise what you have found out). In conclusion, I would say that …(I would go over some mistakes: there were some mistakes in your pronunciation, you mispronounced the ward “…”. Listen to the correct pronunciation. You’ve got the stress wrong. The stress is on the second syllable. Be careful with your intonation. Your intonation wasn’t quite write. Listen to the way my voice goes up. You try and do the same. Drop(Raise) your voice at the end of the sentence. You must read loudly enough for everyone to hear you.

2)Задание на дом. Setting homework: Before we finish, I’d like to ask you to do something at home for the next lesson. Please write down your homework. For homework I want you to go over what we’ve just learnt. Learn all the new words. There will be a test on it in the next lesson. As for the text tell me as much as you can about Common Symptoms. I’m afraid it’s time to stop. You can put your things away. It’s time for us to have a break. Goodbye, everyone.

 

8)Литература: Козырева Л. Г, Шадская Т. В. «Английский язык для медицинских колледжей и училищ»,Аванесьянц Э. М., Кахацкая Н. В, Мифтахова Т. В. «Английский язык для старших курсов», Тылкина С. А., Темчина Н. А. «Пособие по английскому языку для медицинских училищ»