VI. Read the sentences. Fill in the verb in a proper tense and voice.

The work in the chemical laboratory (требовать) also the use of solvents. 2.Now elements and their properties (открывать) by the scientists thanks to the Periodic Table. 3.All the elements in the table (состоять) of vertical groups and horizontal periods. 4.When acids of base (добавлять) to other solutions, little change (наблюдать) in the hydrogen ion concentration or pH. 5.Potassium chloride solution (помещать) in a 200 ml volumetric flask. 6.We (добавлять) water to volume. 7.The unite of volume in the metric system that nearly corresponds to one quart (называть) a liter.

 

VII. Make the sentences passive.

e.g.: D.I.Mendeleyev opened the Periodic law.

    The Periodic law was opened by D. J. Mendeleyev.

1. He presented his work to the Russian Chemical Society.

2. Sometimes our friend invites us to have lunch with him.

3. The author published his book last year.

4. Scientists predicted the properties of this substance.

5. They named the institute after the great chemist.

 

VIII. Read and memorize the following words:

     to collect – собирать

     flowering – цветение

     drug – лекарство

       odour– запах

     vegetative – растительный, вегетативный

     to mature – созревать

     globular – сферический

     storage – хранение

     ovoid – яйцевидный

     balsamic – бальзамический, целительный

     spicy - пряный, острый

     camphorous – камфорный

     test – тест, проба

     nauseous – отвратительный

     acrid – раздражающий

     pungent – острый, едкий

     astringent – вяжущий

     oily – маслянистый

     mucilaginous - слизистый

 

IX. Group the one – root words and translate them.

increase, detective, medicine, herbal, constitute, differ, taste, oily, lightness, decrease, herbalist, constituent, different, light, herb, detect, tasteless, official, determine, chromatography, development, weight, officially, chromatography, weigh, medicinal, determination, develop, use, scientific, alkaloid, treatment, mix, treat, useful, scientist, useless, mixture, science.

 

X. Translate into Russian.

to collect in autumn, maturing of the fruit, proper storage time of flowering vegetative process, drug properties, pharmacological activity, herbs and plants, colour and odour, different tests and methods.

 

XI. Form the word combinations with the given words in brackets and translate them.

shapes (globular, elliptical, ovoid, conical), odour (aromatic, balsamic, spicy, camphorous), substance (mucilaginous, oily, astringent, pungent, acrid, nauseous)

 

XII. Find the pairs of synonyms and remember them.

to change, drug, to mature, liquid, harvesting, property, to alter, feature, to ripe, fluid, remedy, collecting.

 

XIII. Translate into English.

           лекарственное растение

           лекарственная трава

           лекарственное свойство

       время цветения

       время сбора урожая 

       время опыления

       жирное, масляное вещество

       вяжущее вещество

       едкое вещество

       раздражающее вещество

           тошнотворное вещество

       ароматный вкус

          пряный вкус

          горький вкус

       вкус бальзама

       вяжущий вкус

 

  XIV. Translate the adjectives-derivatives using the suffix -ish:

желтый – желтоватый

сладкий – сладковатый

зеленый – зеленоватый

горький – горьковатый

красный – красноватый

            

 XV. Read the text and translate it. Do the tasks below.

                                        

Medicinal plants

Since time immemorial man has known about the medicinal properties of plants and widely used them for all practical purposes. At present the attention to medicinal plants as natural sources of drugs has greatly increased. Ten thousand plant detectives try to find new plants possessing medicinal properties on five continents and all the seas.

Different parts of the plant may be used for medicinal purposes: roots and rhizomes, fruits and seeds, flowers and inflorescences, stems and leaves. All these parts are collected in a certain period of time.

It is well known that the proper time of harvesting or collecting plants and herbs is during that period when active constituents of the plant are highest in their number and quality. Roots and rhizomes are collected  in autumn after the vegetative processes have finished. Bark is collected in the spring before these processes begin. Leaves and flowering tops are collected when photosynthesis is most active which is usually about the time of flowering and before the maturing of the fruit and seed. Flowers are collected in the time of pollination. Fruits may be collected either before or after the ripening period. Seeds may be collected when fully matured.

Proper storage and preservation are important factors in maintaining a high degree of quality of the drug. Thus, too much moisture increases the weight of the drug, decreases the amount of active constituents. Air and light affect drugs, which are strongly coloured, producing changes in constituents. The oxygen of air increases oxidation of the constituents of drugs.     

All parts of the plant differ as to the shape, taste, colour, odour and pharmacological activity. Thus, the usual shapes for fruit and seeds are globular, elliptical, ovoid, conical, etc.

The odour of a drug of plant origin may be either distinct or indistinct, depending upon the amount of volatile constituents the drug possesses. It is described as aromatic, balsamic, spicy, camphorous. It is described as characteristic.

According to taste substances may be classified into four groups: 1) those possessing a true taste, such as acid, sweet, alkaline, bitter; 2) those possessing no taste and thus are tasteless; 3) those possessing a characteristic odour which gives name to the so-called “taste”. They may be grouped broadly into those which are agreeable or pleasant (aromatic, balsamic, spicy) and disagreeable or unpleasant (alliaceous, camphorous, etc.); 4)those giving certain sensation to the tongue. Such substances may be classified as mucilaginous, oily, astringent, pungent, acrid, nauseous.   

The taste, colour and odour of drugs are officially standardized with the help of the description of the lightness and strength of the colour. Reserpine is described as “a white or pale to slightly yellowish, odourless, crystalline powder”. Olive oil is described as “a pale  yellow liquid which sometimes has a greenish tint”; rhizome and roots of valerian as “light brown or yellow brown, odour strong and peculiar, taste-spicy, sweetish- bitterish”.

Pharmacological activity of certain drugs is established using different test and methods, such as chemical tests for the determination of presence of inorganic elements, a chemical analysis for the determination of the official activity, chromatographic study to separate and analyse constituents and inert materials occurring in drugs, etc.

 

 XVI. Find in  the text the sentences with the following word-combinations and translate them:

       medicinal properties

       active constituents

       roots and rhizomes

       leaves and flowering tops

       ripening period

       storage and preservation

       usual shapes

       odor of the drug

       four groups

 

 XVII. Fill in the proper verb in the Present Passive.

1. Roots and rhizomes (to collect) in autumn.

2. Substances (to classify) into four groups.

3. Rezerpine (to describe) as “a white or pale”.

4. Pharmacological activity of certain drugs (to establish).

 

 XVIII. Make these sentences negative and interrogative.

 XIX. Turn these sentences into Past tense and translate them.