IV. Put “should” or “shouldn’t” in the spaces. Translate the sentences.

1. You ….. argue with your father; you should obey him.

2. Mothers ….. look after their children.

3. That doesn’t suit you; you ….. buy another shirt.

4. There are too many accidents there. Everyone ….. be much more careful.

5. The teacher told us that we ….. write the translation of the words in our note-books.

6. The old man’s eyes are weak, and he ….. read without glasses.

 

V. Complete the sentences using would + one of these verbs and translate them.

forget      shake share walk

1. Whenever Arman was angry, He would walk out of the room.

2. I used to live next to the railway station. Whenever a train went past, the house ….

3. You could never rely on George. It did not matter how many times you reminded him to do something, he …… always …...

4. Dana was always very generous. She did not have much but she ….. what she had with everyone else.

 

VI. Read and memorize the new words to the text.

entire         цельный, сплошной

stalk           стебель, черенок

leaflet         листочек

margin        край

division      разделение

projection   выступ

dentate       зубчатый

toothed       зубчатый

serrate        зубчатый, пильчатый

extend        притягивать

midrib        средняя жилка (листа)

partite         рассеченный, раздельный

identify       опознавать

pointed       остроконечный

cleft            лопастный, дольчатый

halfway      наполовину

 

VII. Divide the words above into columns according to the parts of speech:

 

verb	adjective	noun

VIII. Read the text and translate it. Do the tasks below.

Leaf structure

Although, there is a large number of different types of leaves, each plant has its own typical leaf-shape. Simple leaf has one of the simplest leaf-blade in one entire piece and a simple leaf-stalk.

The leaf-blade of the compound leaf is divided into many leaflets and is far from simple. If the margins have no divisions, the leaf is entire. If there are slight projections, which are more or less pointed the leaf is dentate or toothed.  

When the projections lie regularly over each other, like the teeth of a saw the leaf is serrate. When the divisions extend about halfway down, the leaf is called cleft. When the divisions extend nearly to the base or to the mid-rib, the leaf is partite.

The leaves of Plantain, Lily of the Valley, Belladonna, Dandelion, Cotton are simple, but Fennel, Parsley, Rose, Milfoil have compound leaves. The shapes are important in identifying the kind of plant by means of its leaves.

Структура Листьев

Хотя, есть большое количество различных типов листьев(отпусков), каждое растение имеет его собственную типичную форму листьев. Простые листья имеют одно из самого простого лезвия листьев в одной полной части и простом стебле листьев.

пластинка составных листьев разделено на многие рекламные листки и далеко от простого. Если края не имеют никаких разногласий, листья полны. Если есть небольшие проектирования, которые более или менее направлены, листья - dentate или имеющие зубы.

Когда ложь проектирований регулярно по друг другу, подобно зубам видела, что листья - serrate. Когда разногласия простираются о на полпути вниз, листья называются расселиной. Когда разногласия простираются почти на основу или на середину ребра, листья - partite.

Листья(отпуска) Plantain, Лилия Долины, Белладонны, Одуванчика, Хлопок прост, но Сладкий укроп, Петрушка, Повысился, Milfoil имеет составных листьев(отпуска). Формы важны в идентификации вида завода(растения) посредством его листьев(отпусков).

 

IX. Translate the following word-combinations and find the sentences with them from the text:

different types of leaves, divided into many leaflets, nearly to the base, compound leave, simple leafstalk, slight projection, more or less pointed, far from simple, about halfway down, to consist of.

 

X. Group:

a) the synonyms

lamina, dentate, footstalk, for instance, large, to use, certain, quantity, occur, blade, toothed, leafstalk, for example, big, to employ, definite, amount, to be found;

b) the antonyms

last, equal, wide, close, less, thin, narrow, open, unequal, compound, unknown, free, simple, more, thick, important, small, unimportant, large, first;

XI. Find in the text the sentences with the following word – combinations and translate them:

простой лист, иметь свою типичную листовую форму, зубчатый, не имеющий никаких зубчиков, сложный лист, рассеченный лист, зеленый лист, листовая пластинка, деление листа, разделенный на несколько листочков, простой черешок, небольшие разрезы, остроконечный лист, основная жилка листа;

XII. Complete the following sentences:

1. Although there is a large number of different types of leaves, each plant has ….

2. If the margins have no divisions the leaf ….

3. When the divisions extend nearly to the base or to the midrib, the leaf ….

4. The shapes are important in identifying the kind of a plant ….

5. The blade of a leaf is attached to a stem ….

6. Simple leaf has ….

7. The leaf-blade of the compound leaf is divided ….

 

XIII. Translate the following:

1. A typical leaf consists of a system of vascular tubes called veins.

2. The upper surface of the leaf has a transparent waterproof covering.

3. The leaves of coca shrub mature in about four years and can picked three or four times a year.

4. A leaf is a lateral photosynthetic appendage of the stem of a plant commonly broad, flat thin and of green colour.

5. The angle formed between the leaf and the stem is called the axis.

6. The leaves of cactus are clusters of little prickly scales.