The basic types of treatment-and-prophylactic establishments

 

In our country is created the wide network of various treatment-and-prophylactic establishments for rendering medical aid to the population On their functions and tasks they are divided into hospital establishments; polyclinic establishments; clinics; stations of the emergency medical help; the Mother–and- Child Health Care establishments; establishments of sanatorium type.

Hospital establishments are intended for treatment of patients in conditions of permanent establishment (лат. stationarius - стоящий* motionless). Here there is an emergency medical aid, and also the help to patients for whom constant supervision is necessary.

Treatment-and-prophylactic establishments of polyclinic type are polyclinics and an ambulance station.

Polyclinic -is the basic medical unit in our country intended for rendering of medical aid to patients for examination and treatment of patients in domestic conditions.. In a polyclinic work doctors of a various types (therapists, surgeons, oculists, otolaryngologists, cardiologists, etc.) and also functionate diagnostic cabinets (X-ray room, cabinets of functional diagnostics), laboratory, physiotherapeutic department, treatment room. Ambulant patients are seen at the policlinics by the district doctors. A patient who is ill at home is visited by his district doctor.

Prophylactic medical examination is the organization of regular supervision over health of the population, studying of working conditions and a life, revealing of patients with chronic diseases. The district nurse of a polyclinic helps the doctor during reception of patients,, explains patients how to collect this or that material for laboratory research, how to be prepared for X-ray researches, etc. Now in polyclinics work: cabinets of the pre-medical help: here the medical nurse takes the patient’s temperature and arterial pressure.

The ambulance station is a treatment-and-prophylactic establishment, which as well as the polyclinic, renders medical aid to patients. But in contrast to a polyclinic there is a smaller volume of medical care here Ambulance stations settle down, as a rule, in a countryside. There work usually no more than five doctors.

The medicosanitary unit is a complex of the treatment-and-prophylacticestablishments intended for health services of workers and the serving industrial enterprises, transport and other organizations. Their structure can include a polyclinic or an ambulance station,the hospital, health centers, a stomatological polyclinic, a dispensary, sanatorium, nurseries improving camp and etc. District doctors and nurses, the medical assistant of health centers, study the conditions of work of a person directly on a workplace.

The health center is independent treatment-and-prophylactic establishment, and usually is a part of a polyclinic or a medicosanitary unit of the enterprise. One distinguishes medical and medical assistant's health centers. The medical personnel of a health center (the doctor, the medical assistant, the medical nurse) renders pre-medical and first medical assistance, carries out the necessary procedures appointed by the doctor of a polyclinic or medicosanitary unit (an injection, bandagings), immunize the person, performs sanitary - educational work.

The emergency ambulance service is a medical establishment intended for round-the-clock rendering of emergency medical aid to patients at a pre-hospital stage at all conditions menacing to a life (traumas, wounds, poisoning,, bleeding), and also at labor. At stations of the emergency medical help the personnel works as brigades, consisting of 2-3 person (the doctor and one or two medical assistants). Nurses can work only as a dispatcher, taking calls from the population and transmitting them to exit brigades.

Female consultations and maternity hospitals belong to establishments of protection of Motherhood and the childhood. Here are carried out prophylactic medical examination, revealed and treated women with gynecologic diseases, and also supervision over pregnant women is conducedt.here. The personnel of female consultations and maternity hospitals carries out the big sanitary - educational work with pregnant women. Medical nurses work usually in treatment rooms of female consultations and maternity hospitals, and also in operational, children's department of maternity hospitals as a ward nurse.

Sanatoria concern to establishments of sanatorium type (from an armour. sanare - to treat, cure), a dispensary, camp of rest for children, sanatorium improving platforms

 

 

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