Выпишите из текста пять словосочетаний со словом «law». Переведите их. Составьте с ними предложения.

Напишите антонимы следующих слов из текста и составьте предложения с одной из пар.

Disappeared, incomprehensible, repaid, unambiguous, unfamiliar, unfortunate, non-lawyers, illegally.

Соревнование между группами. Студенты разделяются на две группы. Одна группа разгадывает кроссворд (А), другая – кроссворд (Б). Побеждает та группа, которая решит кроссворд первой.

По горизонтали: 1. метаязык; 2. благотворительность; 3. вносить ясность; 4. юридический язык; 5. кропотливый; 6. продолжать существовать; 7. вышеупомянутый.

По вертикали: 1. вмешательство; 2. рекламировать; 3. разнообразие; 4. сложный; 5. судебное дело; 6. двусмысленность; 7. лазейка.

 

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Б) По горизонтали: 1. возможный случай; 2. собственность; 3. юрист; 4. юридический; 5. упущение; 6. судебное дело; 7. суд; 8. ниже, в дальнейшем.

По вертикали: 1. обычно; 2. справедливость; 3. жаловаться; 4. доверять; 5. необходимость; 6. предложение.

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Прочитайте отрывок из акта о завещании 1837 г., который был дополнен в 1982 г. и действует в настоящее время. Перепишите этот текст современным английским языком.

"No will shall be valid unless:

(a) it is in writing, and signed by the testator or some other person in his presence and by his direction; and

(b) it appears that the testator intended by his signature to give effect to the will; and

(c) the signature is made or acknowledged by the testator in the presence of two or more witnesses present at the same time; and

(d) each witness either-

(e) attests and signs the will; or

(f)acknowledges his signature in the presence of the testator (but not necessarily in the presence of any other witness), but no form of attestation shall be necessary."

Работа в мини-группах. Обсудите, является ли написанное Тедом завещание юридически правильно оформленным в соответствии с действующим законодательством Великобритании (см. отрывок из акта о завещании 1837 г.). Расскажите о своих выводах в аудитории, используя выражения из модели.

Models:

You should take into consideration the fact that…	– Нельзя не принять во внимание тот факт, что…
You can’t deny that…	– Вы не будете отрицать, что…
Well, that might be true, but…	– Возможно, это и верно, но…
I wonder if you could help me to understand…	– Не могли бы Вы мне помочь понять…
Can you give me an example?	– Приведите мне, пожалуйста, пример…
That may be true, but…	– Это может быть и верно, но…

Ted writes out a will leaving all his property to his wife. He phones his friends Al and Bill to come over and witness the will. While he is waiting for them to arrive, he signs his will. When Al and Bill arrive he shows them the will and says “You see I’ve signed it at the bottom.” Al signs his own name and then leaves. While Ted is out of the room saying goodbye to Al, Bill signs the will. When Ted comes back in Bill says “Look, here’s my signature.”

 

UNIT 5. TEST YOURSELF

Прочитайте текст и вставьте пропущенные слова.

 

The English word 'law' refers to limits upon various ___ 1_ ______. Some laws are ___ 2 ______: they simply describe how people, or even natu­ral phenomena, usually behave. An example is the rather consistent law of gravity; another is the less consistent laws of economics. Other laws are ______ 3 _____ — they prescribe how people ought to behave. For example, the speed limits imposed upon drivers that prescribe how fast we should drive. They rarely describe how fast we actually do drive, of course.

In all societies, relations between people are regulated by prescriptive laws. Some of them are ____ 4 ____ — that is, informal rules of social and moral behavior. Some are __ 5 _____ we accept if we belong to particular social insti­tutions, such as religious, educational and cultural groups. And some are precise laws made by nations and enforced against all citizens within their power.

Customs need not to be made by ___ 6 ______, and they need not be written down. We learn how we are expected to ___ 7 ____ in society through the instruction of family and teachers, the advice of friends, and our expe­riences in dealing with strangers. Sometimes, we can ___ 8 ____ these rules with­out suffering any penalty. But if we continually break the rules, or break a very important one, other members of society may ridicule us, act violently toward us or refuse to have anything to do with us. The ways in which people talk, eat and drink, work, and relax together are usually called cus­toms.

Members of every ____ 9 _____ have made laws for themselves in self-pro­tection. If it were not for the law, you could not go out in daylight without the fear of being kidnapped, robbed or murdered. In the absence of law you could only rely upon _____ 10 ________.

Every country tries, therefore, to provide laws, which will help its peo­ple to live safely and comfortably. This is not at all an easy thing to do. No country has been successful in producing laws, which are entirely satisfac­tory. But the imperfect laws are better than none.

_____________________________________________________________________________

Forms of behaviour, descriptive, prescriptive, customs, rules, governments, behave, break, community, the law of the jungle.

Озаглавьте текст.

1. The types of law.

2. Laws and customs.

3. The need for law.

4. Law and society.

3. Напишите небольшое эссе (100слов) о том, в чем заключается разница между двумя видами законов, описанных в тексте. Проиллюстрируйте разницу собственными примерами.