Соотнесите русские эквиваленты с английскими словами и словосочетаниями из текста.

 

1. loanwords	a. превосходить численно
2. word formation	b. относящийся к моде
3. layering	c. сохранить названия
4. variety of language	d. имеющий отношение к власти и ее структурам
5. to split into some meanings	e. играть важную роль
6. to lose the feeling of being foreign	f. словообразование
7. to enter the language	g. слова со схожими значениями
8. concerned with power and authority	h. расщепление на несколько понятий
9. related to fashion	i. выходить из употребления
10.to retain the names	j. адаптировать (приспосабливать) к английскому правописанию
11. to play a major role	k. вариант языка
12. words with similar meanings	l. входить (заимствоваться) в язык
13. to adapt to English spelling	n. образование новых значений слова
14. to outnumber	o. утрачивать ощущение инородности
15. to fall out of use	p. слова, заимствованные из других языков

 

11. Закончите предложения в соответствии с содержанием текста.

1. Words have come into the English language from _______________

a) American English

b) different languages

c) the Scandinavian language.

1. Loanwords are ________________

a) layering

b) several or many meanings of the word

c) words from other languages, regional dialect or another variety of English.

1. Words can be created by _______________

a) prestige

b) word formation

c) history.

1. There are lots of French words in Modern English. For example, _____________

a) carnival, banana, assistance

b) parliament, government, crime, accuse, attorney

c) cow, sheep, swine, help, book.

1. Many Latin words were mainly part of the written language, such as ____________

a) appendix, formula, curriculum

b) music, poem, dress

c) assistance, text, history, maturity, polite

 

Выразите согласие/несогласие со следующими утверждениями, используя ту или иную речевую модель. Исправьте неверные утверждения.

Models: a) I fully agree with this statement.

b) I am afraid I can’t agree with it.

 

1. Words may enter English as loanwords.

2. Words are not formed by taking existing words, or pieces of words, and putting them together to make new ones.

3. Words can come from layering.

4. Polysemous words have two or more different meanings.

5. As some other languages, English has tried to prevent foreign words from coming into it.

6. In 1266 numerous French words entered English.

7. The words “parliament” and “government” are related to fashion.

8. Since William the Conqueror invaded England existing English words disappeared.

9. Latin was the language of the church.

10. English, French, and Latin words with similar meanings are found side by side.

11. Many Latin words tended to be intellectual in nature.

12. Some Latin words were adapted to English spelling.

 

Определите, какие слова из текста описывает каждая из фраз.

 

1.	a word taken into one language from another
2.	a variety of a language spoken only in one area, in which words or grammar are slightly different from other forms of the same language
3.	words are formed by taking existing words, or pieces of words, and putting them together to make new ones
4.	an existing word splits into more than one meaning
5.	several or many meanings of the same word
6.	the language of the ancient Romans
7.	one of the official languages of India
8.	the popular style of clothes, hair, behaviour, etc. at a particular time
9.	the power you have because of your official position
10.	something such as a word, phrase, or idea that has been copied from another language, book, etc.

 

Прочитайте и переведите предложения. Подчеркните имена существительные латинского и греческого происхождения. Определите, в каком числе они употреблены в предложении.

1. The physicist and the biologist performed separate analyses.
2. "Psychoanalysis is confession without absolution." -- Gilbert K. Chesterton (1874-1936)
3. Scientific apparatus offers a window to knowledge, but as they grow more elaborate, scientists spend ever more time washing the windows.— Isaac Asimov (1920-1992)
4. A science teacher can use an "apparatus" (tools or instruments) to demonstrate the laws of physics.

5. Appendix may refer to documents:

Addendum is any addition to a document, such as a book or legal contract.

Bibliography is a systematic list of books and other works.

Index (publishing) is a list of words or phrases with pointers to where related material can

be found in a document.

1. Success has a simple formula: do your best, and people may like it.
2. The formula of a well-known compound, water, is H₂O.
3. A Curriculum Vitae (abbreviated to CV) is a brief account of a person's education and professional experience.
4. In formal education, curricula or curriculums are the set of courses, and their content, offered at a school or university.
5. Thesis is a lengthy essay based on the original research written by the candidate for a degree.
6. The singular form of data, for example, one datum. It is rarely used, and data, its plural form, is commonly used for both singular and plural.

 

15. Перескажите текст, используя следующий план.

This text explains…

The words come into English in three major ways:

Firstly…

Secondly…

Thirdly…

The words can be created by…

Words have entered from…

Besides English words remained alongside the newer words…

Finally, new words are continually coming into English from…

To sum up, individuals and communities change and shape English to their needs by…

 

UNIT 3. LANGUAGE AS A SYSTEM OF SIGNS AND COMMUNICATIONS