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Ex. 25. Skim through the text “Blood Transfusion”. Make up a plan of it supplying each item with key words and then narrate the information on blood transfusion according to your plan.Содержание книги
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Ex. 26. Combine corresponding parts into the sentences, paying attention to the meaning of the sentences: 1. The blood transfusion institutes and centers are doing major work on evolving methods _. 2. _ quite often only some of its components are used. 3. The preparation of fibrinogen is already being used successfully _. 4. _ influenza with various gamma globulins.
A. in the case of many diseases, it is not needed in blood transfusion entirely; B. in clinics to check heavy hemorrhages in obstetrics and gynecological practice; C. of producing highly effective preparations made from blood plasma; D. certain experience has now been accumulated in the clinical treatment of whooping cough, smallpox, tetanus and.
Ex. 27. Translate the following sentences into English: 1. Відомо, що безпечне переливання крові залежить від відповідно підібраних груп крові донора та реципієнта. 2. Визначення групи крові полягає у виявленні (identifying) аглютиногенів (agglutinogens), наявних в оболонці еритроцитів. 3. Раніше для переливання крові застосовували лише цільну (whole) кров. 4. Сьогодні кров часто розкладають на її компоненти – червоні кров’яні тільця, білі кров’яні тільця, кров’яні пластинки та плазму. 5. Наприклад, пацієнтам з анемією або гострою крововтратою слід переливати концентровані червоні клітини крові. 6. Плазму крові використовують для відновлення втраченого об’єму крові. 7. Щоб зменшити ризик інфікування різними хворобами, кров ретельно перевіряють. 8. Усі компоненти крові повинні зберігатися відповідним чином.
Ex. 28. Read and memorize some expressions and their equivalents:
Ex. 29. Work in pairs. Compose the dialogues on the following situation using the expressions of ex. 28. Student A should start. A 32-year old man was admitted to the emergency room after an automobile accident. He is suspected to have severe hemorrhage. A: Play the part of a trainee doctor. Ask about the necessity of blood transfusion for the patient and the preparations preceding the procedure of blood transfusion. B: Play the part of an experienced doctor who manages the patient. Supply any information on the condition of the patient, his blood group, etc.
Ex. 30. Read the following material: SUMMARY
Резюме – це стислий виклад наукової праці, статті, тощо. В резюме висвітлюються найголовніші аспекти первинної наукової праці – статті, чи навить книги:
Запропоновані фрагменти речень є найтиповішими при складанні резюме. І. Головна тема чи проблема:
ІІ. Мета вивчення:
ІІІ. Зазначення основних положень:
IV. Применение на практике
V. Висновки та результати:
Ex. 27. Give a summary of the text “Blood Groups”.
OVERVIEW The blood groups are based on which antigens are carried on the red blood cells. There are four blood groups: A, B, AB, and O. In the ABO blood group type A blood has type A antigens, type B blood has type B antigens, type AB blood has both types of antigens. Type O blood has neither A nor B antigens. Another important blood group is the Rh blood group. People are Rh positive if they have a certain Rh antigen (the D antigen) on the surface of their erythrocytes, and they are Rh negative if they do not have this Rh antigen. Avoiding the mixture of certain kinds of antigens prevents adverse transfusion reaction. Blood transfusion produces good results in patients with acute and chronic anemia as well as in shock, hemophilia, purulent and septic processes, anaerobic infection, hemorrhagic diatheses and others. While disorders of the cardiac function, severe lesion of the kidneys and liver, acute forms of TB and hypertension are stated to be contraindications for blood transfusion. LESSON 30 HEART VOCABULARY
WORD-BUILDING Ex. 1. Familiarize yourself with the following material: Prefixes and term-elements: a-, an - (no, without) anti- (against) ab- (away from)
Ex. 2. Read and translate the following words: A. Apnea; anoxia; anabiotic; anabolic; anacidity. B. Antigen, antibiotic, antihistamine; antibody; antitetanic; anti-inflammatory; antiviral; antidiuretic; antithyroid. C. Abnormal; abductor; absorption. GRAMMAR: SIMPLE TENSES (Passive Voice) (REVISION) Ex. 3. Enter the Past Participle of the following verbs: Locate; pump; consist; separate; call; enter; weight; know; flow; feel; bring; take; give.
Ex. 4. Find and translate sentences with predicates in Simple Tenses, Passive Voice: 1. The heart is located in the mediastinum within the pericardial sac. 2. The two upper cavities of the heart are known as atria. 3. Each pump consists of a pair of chambers formed by muscles. 4. The sinus node produced electrical impulses. 5. Its lower border rests upon the diaphragm by which it is separated from the liver and stomach. 6. In the lungs the blood is supplied with oxygen. 7. From the left chamber the well-oxygenated blood is pumped into the aorta. 8. The pericardium is a double-layered closed sac.
Ex. 5. Make up the following sentences interrogative: 1. The heart is divided into four chambers. 2. The blood is returned to the heart by means of the veins. 3. The two atria are separated from each other by the internal septum. 4. These muscles are attached by thin, strong connective tissue strings (сухожилля). 5. In the lungs carbon dioxide is released and oxygen is picked up. 6. Blood flowing through the aorta is distributed throughout all parts of the body. 7. The heart wall is composed of three layers of tissue.
Ex. 6. Find in the text “Heart” and translate the sentences containing Passive Voice. Ask your questions to these sentences.
Ex. 7. Read the following grammar material: ATTRIBUTIVE CLAUSES
Ex. 8. Read and translate the following sentences into Ukrainian: 1. The blood travels through the liver and kidneys, which remove waste products. 2. Blood is pumped from the ventricles of the heart into large elastic arteries that branch repeatedly to form many smaller arteries. 3. The DNA, which was dispersed as chromatine in interphase, condenses in mitosis to form chromosomes. 4. The skeleton is divided into the skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, upper and lower limbs and the girdles that attach the limbs to the body. 5. Metabolism that occurs in the large mass of muscle tissue in the body produces heat. 6. An inner mucosa is folded into rugae (sing. ruga зморшка, складка, гребінь) that allow the gallbladder to expand. 7. The average pay is rather high, only advanced students who have high index in all the subjects may get grants. 8. The heart is a hollow muscle, which is located in the thoracic cavity.
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