Ex. 30. Cover the left and right sides of the figure “Body Regions and Structures” and write the necessary terms.

Ex. 31. Add the missing words:

STRUCTURE	REGION
mouth	oral
armpit
neck
abdomen
hip
shoulder
thigh
leg
arm

Ex. 32. Complete the following dialogue:

- What regions is human body divided into?

- Human body _.

- What is the upper limb divided into?

- The upper limb is divided into _.

- What is the lower limb divided into?

- The lower limb _.

- What does the trunk consist of?

- The trunk consists of _.

 

Ex. 33. Reproduce the similar dialogue.

 

Ex. 26. Translate the following sentences into English:

Тіло людини поділяється на кілька частин: голова, тулуб, верхні та нижні кінцівки. Верхня кінцівка поділяється на плече, передпліччя, зап'ясток та кисть. Верхня кінцівка приєднується до тулуба за допомогою плечового поясу. Нижня кінцівка складається зі стегна, гомілки, щиколотки та стопи. Вона прикріплюється до тулуба за допомогою тазового поясу. Тулуб поділяється на грудну клітку, черевну порожнину та таз.

Ex. 27. Insert the missing words (be, see, talk, walk) and learn the following rhyme by heart:

 

Without your tongue you cannot _,

Without your feet you cannot _,

Without your eyes you cannot _,

Without your heart you cannot _.

 

 

OVERVIEW

The body is divided into several regions. They are the head, trunk, and limbs. The head is divided into the cranial and the facial parts. The upper limb is divided into the arm, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand. The arm extends from the shoulder to the elbow, and the forearm extends from the elbow to the wrist. The upper limb is attached to the body by the shoulder. The lower limb is divided into the thigh, knee, leg, ankle, and foot. The thigh extends from the hip to the knee, and the leg extends from the knee to the ankle. The lower limb is attached to the body by the hip, or pelvic girdle. The trunk is divided into chest, abdomen and pelvis. The principal organs of the trunk are: the heart, the lungs, the stomach, the liver, the spleen, the large and small intestines, the kidneys, the gallbladder, and bladder.

LESSON 16

HUMAN ANATOMY

(TRUNK)

VOCABULARY

thoracic[TO:'rxsIk] грудинний abdominal[xb'dOmIn(q)l] абдомінальний, черевний trachea[trq'kIq; 'treIkIq] трахея esophagus[I'sOfqgqs] стравохід rib['rIb] ребро larynx['lxrINks] гортань mediastinum["mI:dIqs'taInqm] середостіння respond[rIs'pOnd] реагувати lobe[lqub] частка

acid['xsId] кислота enzyme['enzaIm] фермент, ензим release[rI'lI:s] звільняти, виділяти ingest[In'Gest] ковтати, проковтнути digestion[dI'GesC(q)n] травлення, травлення їжи detect[dI'tekt] виявляти, помічати blood[blAd] кров excretory[eks'krI:tqrI] вивідний, видільний, екскреторний

RULES OF READING

Letters	Sounds	Examples	Notes
s	[s]	son soft	на початку і в кінці слова після глухих приголосних
s	[z]	nose goes	між голосними і в кінці слова після дзвінких приголосних і голосних
x	[ks]	text six	у кінці слова та перед глухим приголосним
x	[gz]	exact exam	якщо перед буквою х є буква е та за буквою х йде наголошений голосний

 

Ex. 1. Read the following words:

Suppose; must; meals; dose; prescription; mustard; several; vitamin; surgeon; pulse; virus; text; mixture; complex; examiner.

 

WORD-BUILDING

Ex. 2. Familiarize yourself with the following material:

Suffixes of Adjectives:

-able, -ible

 

to break ломати – breakable ламкий

to express виражати – expressible виразний

 

Ex. 3. Read and translate the following words:

Comfortable; honorable; treatable; favorable; valuable; considerable; movable; invulnerable; responsible; possible; susceptible.

GRAMMAR:

 

Ex. 4. Familiarize yourself with the data of the following table:

SIMPLE TENSES

(Passive Voice, Interrogative Form)

TENSE	QUESTION WORD	AUXILIARY VERB	SUBJECT	VERB
Present Simple Tense	What Where When	am is are	I he, she, it we, you, they	V3
Past Simple Tense	Why How How many	was were	I, he, she, it they, you, we	V3
Future Simple Tense	How much Whom	shall will	I, we they, she, he, it, you	be + V3

General Questions

Is the abdomen subdivided into four quadrants? (Present Simple Tense, Passive Voice)

Was the artificial metal joint used in 1678? (Past Simple Tense, Passive Voice)

Will the operation be performed on by the surgeon? (Future Simple Tense, Passive Voice)

Special Questions

How are the bones classified? (Present Simple Tense, Passive Voice)

What is the muscular contraction controlled with? (Present Simple Tense, Passive Voice)

BUT: What organs are located in the chest? (A question to the subject)

Ex. 5. Read and translate the following interrogative sentences into Ukrainian:

1. Is the trunk divided into three large cavities? 2. Is the thoracic cavity surrounded by the rib cage? 3. Where is the heart located? 4. What organs are located in the abdomen? 5. What parts is the lower limb divided into?

 

Ex. 6. Make the following sentences interrogative:

1. The upper extremity is formed by the arm, forearm, and hand. 2. The bones of the skeleton are connected together by the joints or by the cartilages. 3. The skeleton is composed of bones. 4. The upper extremity is connected with the trunk by the shoulder girdle. 5. The lectures in Physiology are attended by all the students. 6. Your articles are often published. 7. A new hospital will be built here. 8. Different problems were discussed at the last meeting. 9. These books were taken from the library yesterday.

Ex. 7. Translate the following questions into English:

1. Де знаходяться легені? 2. В якому журналі були описані ці нові методи лікування? 3. Скільки пацієнтів було вчора оглянуто? 4. До якого поясу прикріплюється верхня кінцівка? 5. На скільки частин поділяється тіло людини?