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Their work helped to establish that the muscles were the active agents of motion ( движение ) and contraction.
Содержание книги
- Make, care, student, girl, person, got, arm, but, home, like, pure, help, form.
- Some students live at the hostel, others - with their relatives. Many students get stipends. If a student has “fives” in all the subjects at the entrance examinations he gets an increased stipend.
- Is your brother an adult? 2. Had you entrance examinations in September? 3. Do you get an increased stipend? 4. Will you become a doctor next year? 5. Have you relatives in Moscow?
- Первое сентября, первого сентября; второе августа, второго августа; десятое января, десятого января.
- Plaster, complete, polyclinic, general, gain, young, city, afternoon, main, they, X-ray, vein, yesterday, master, last.
- Talk, salt, fall, chalk, all, small, call, hall, also.
- It is cold today. Сегодня холодно . It was difficult. Было трудно . It will be warm. Будет тепло.
- Consultation, occlusion, attention, commission, session, occupation, obstruction.
- Must the students work during the whole term? 2. He could not enter the Institute last year. 3. Can he become a good therapeutist? 4. May this remedy do you harm?
- XVIII. Explain the pronunciation of the letter combinations in bold type: thousand, which, with, them, chart, phase, show, chill.
- Learn, earth, earn, research, heard.
- The long pens are on the table. Длинные ручки на столе.
- Our classes usually begin at 8.30 a.m. In addition to several practical classes we have a lecture or two every day.
- They are not carrying out они не проводят опыт сейчас .
- Are the doctors fighting for the life of this patient? 2. Who is fighting for the life of this patient? 3. What are the doctors doing? 4. What are the doctors fighting for?
- We are first-year students. We- perform operations (cannot, may).
- Leave, last, tooth, teeth, circle, yellow, chair, appear, prepare, pure, while, whole, early, become, want, chest, short.
- Нам дают книги. 2. Мне часто задают много вопросов.
- The bones of the skeleton are connected together by the joints or by the cartilages and ligaments. The bones consist of organic and inorganic substance.
- To call, brain, eyeball, nose, cavity, to compose, to consist of, joint, on each side, trunk, neck, breastbone, to separate.
- The student is asked many questions at the lesson. The student asked many questions at the lesson.
- This book will be read with great interest by all of us. 2. The thoracic cavity was examined by X-rays. 3. Artificial joints were used by the surgeon.
- Their work helped to establish that the muscles were the active agents of motion ( движение ) and contraction.
- IV. 1. Прочтите текст G. 2. О чем говорится в каждом абзаце?
- My friend is greatly excited because his son has the disease of the coxofemoral joints. The boy cannot walk and must be in bed.
- Road, moan, soap, load, foam, soak, throat.
- The muscular structure of the heart consists of two parts - the muscular layers of the atria and the muscular layers of the ventricles.
- The aorta- from the upper part of the left ventricle. 2. The shape of the vessels- when they dilate. 3. The right lung is- than the left one. 4. The lungs are- with the pleura.
- Эта экспериментальная работа будет проведена на будущей неделе. 2. Эти данные применяются на практике. 3. Меня будут обследовать несколько врачей. 4. В пятницу нам читали лекцию поанатомии.
- Text E. The Alimentary Tract
- В Москве издается много медицинских журналов. (many, published, journals, Moscow, are, in, medical)
- The blood (to carry) to the liver passes through the portal vein.
- XVI. Read and translate Text H.
- At the rate of, per minute (day), to depend on (upon), on physical exertion, to discharge from the hospital, to discharge out bile, to pump blood through arteries, to be followed by.
- The rate of heart contractions is regulated by two groups of nerve fibers. It varies in different persons and at different age.
- В норме сердце бьется со скоростью 60-70 ударов в минуту.
- Text С . The Corpuscular Elements of Blood
- XVIII. Read Text D and say what data important for a future doctor are given in it. What will you try to remember?
- It was estimated that blood was a fluid tissue.
- На заседании кафедры он доложил о результатах своих опытов.
- W. Harvey found out the heart changed its colour during the contractions.
- The methods of investigation the scientist had included in his research helped him to determine the origin of the pulmonary disease. 4. The faculty my brother is in trains pediatricians.
- M. Sechenov investigated blood gases in 1858. И. М. Сеченов исследовал газы крови в 1858 году.
- The new methods of research had been included into my work. 2. The course of treatment has been prolonged. 3. The structure of the pancreas will have been described in the new book.
- Не may examine the patient. 2. He may be examining the patient now.
- Для этой цели; 2) полный покой; 3) распространяется по коре головного мозга; 4) имеет большое защитное значение для; 5) глубокий спокойный сон; 6) жизнедеятельность.
- Different actions which are repeated every day before going to bed also act as stimuli which produce the process of inhibition.
- XI. Переведите текст E. Расскажите о кровеносных сосудах и дайте обоснование их роли в организме человека.
- Грамматика: заменители модальных глаголов. Способы выражения долженствования. Производные местоимения: some, any, no, every. Случаи употребления глаголов to be, to have.
- One can impair the health if one does not sleep for along period of time.
Note 1 the Basel Nomina Anatomica - Базельская анатомическая терминология
CLASS ASSIGNMENTS
XIII. Form the adjectives from the verbs by the suffix -ive:
Connect, act, collect, relate, contract, protect.
XIV. Translate into Russian paying attention to the meanings of the words in bold type:
I found an interesting article on eye operations in this journal. 2. The found article was written by the well-known eye doctor. 3. The group of scientists found their method on numerous experiments. 4. The researchers found out that infectious diseases were caused by different agents. 5. Robert Koch was the first scientist who found the agent of tuberculosis.
XV. Translate these sentences paying attention to the words ʽwhich̓, ʽwho̓:
The new universal anatomical terms which are now used all over the world were established at the IV International Federal Congress of Anatomists in Paris in 1955. 2. The muscular fibers which are connected together by connective tissue and a mass of muscle cells compose the muscle.
Prof. Smirnov who delivered the lecture on muscles introduced the new material on muscular motion and contraction.
XVI. Substitute the Russian words in brackets for the English ones:
Two new subjects were (введены) in the second term. 2. I (разделил) the text into two parts to learn it better. 3. After his disease the patient changed greatly because his (вес) became less. 4. There are many (кровеносных сосудов) in the human body. 5. We can walk, run and jump because of the (сокращение) of the (мышц). 6. Our blood is (состоит) of white and red (клеток крови). 7. Research work helped the scientists to (установить) the agents of many diseases.
XVII. Make these sentences interrogative. Translate them:
The atlas on Anatomy was composed by R.D. Sinelnikov. 2. These children will be given vitamin therapy. 3. The chest of the patient is examined by the doctor. 4. At this clinic the operations on the skull are carried out successfully.
XVIII. Pick out the sentences in Past Indefinite Passive:
Dissecting the corpse the students separated one muscle from the other. 2. On the corpse one muscle was separated from the other by the stu dents. 3. The doctor was treated by many specialists as he was badly ill himself. 4. The doctor treated his patients successfully.
XIX. Pick out and translate the sentences with the Infinitive used as an attribute:
He can perform this operation in the morning. 2. My friend was the last to come to the lecture. 3. He wants to determine the direction of muscular fibers. 4. Microbiology is one of the most interesting subjects to study.
XX. Translate the following sentences:
Медсестра сказала, что у меня слишком маленький вес.
Терапевт обнаружил, что у больного кровяное давление на правой руке выше, чем на левой. 3. В своей лекции профессор сообщил, что кровеносные сосуды делятся на артерии, вены и капилляры.
Врач был уверен, что в этом случае можно легко установить причину заболевания.
XXI. Read Text F. What do paragraphs two and three deal with?
Text F
In the adult the muscles form about 35-40% of the body weight. All the muscles are divided into the muscles of the trunk, head, and extremities.
Long, short and wide muscles form three basic groups. The long muscles compose the free parts of the extremities. The wide muscles form the walls of the body cavities. Some short muscles, of which stapedius [stə'pidjəs] (стремечковая) is the smallest muscle in the human body, form facial musculature.
The structure of the muscular fibers is different in different groups of muscles. The muscles consist of a mass of muscle cells. The muscular fibers are connected together by connective tissue. There are many blood vessels and nerves in the muscles. The muscles are the active agents of motion and contraction.
LESSON 12
HOME ASSIGNMENTS
I. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания: born [b;n] а рожденный; to be born родиться degree [di'gri:] n степень; ученая степень; градус. My temperature
was 36,5 °С. - У меня была температура 36,5° (градуса по Цельсию). 36,5 ° С следует читать: thirty-six point five degrees Celcium (или thirty-six point five Centigrade)
receive [ri'si:v] v принимать; получать strong [strɒŋ] а сильный; крепкий; здоровый surface ['s3:fis] n поверхность far [fa] а далекий; adv далеко; значительно point [pɔint] n место; точка origin ['ɒriein] n начало; источник; происхождение band [bfnd] n пучок finding ['faindiŋ] n находка; pl данные, результаты ending ['endiŋ] n окончание abdomen ['fbdəmen] n брюшная полость, живот restore [ri'stɔ:] v восстанавливать (здоровье) condition [kən'diʃn] n состояние (здоровья); условие
II. Переведите предложения, обратив внимание на выделенные слова:
1. The bands of muscular fibers may be long or short. 2. The human leg has a large surface. 3. Show us in the picture the point of connection of the rib and the breastbone. 4. The origin of some diseases is not well studied. 5. He is the Ukranian by origin. 6. He received the degree of Doctor of Medicine at the age of 45. 7. The patient had a very high temperature - it was 39,5 °C.
8. The patient̓s health was restored after the course of treatment.
III. Выберите соответствующий перевод следующих словосочетаний:
Соединительная ткань, кровеносный сосуд, вес тела, сокращение мышцы, нервные окончания, место начала, пучки мышечных волокон, поверхность кости, в соответствии с, искусственный сустав, шейные позвонки.
The surface of the bone, connective tissue, the bands of muscular fibers, cervical vertebrae, a blood vessel, according to, body weight, nerve endings, contraction of the muscle, an artificial joint, the point of origin.
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