The bones of the skeleton are connected together by the joints or by the cartilages and ligaments. The bones consist of organic and inorganic substance.

Note:

¹ consist of cranial and facial parts - состоят из мозгового и лицевого отделов

CLASS ASSIGNMENTS

XV. Form and translate Past Participle of the following words:

Leave, feel, think, become, lose, complete, require, achieve.

XVI. Translate the following:

врач, обследующий больного; больной, обследуемый в рентгеновском кабинете; студент, встречающий своих друзей; студент, встреченный своими друзьями; хрящ, соединяющий плечо и предплечье; хрящ, соединенный с плечевым суставом.

XVII. Translate these sentences:

The skeleton is composed of bones. 2. The spinal column is formed by the vertebrae. 3. The cervical part of the spine is composed of seven cervical vertebrae.

XVIII. Make these sentences interrogative:

The upper extremity is connected with the trunk by the shoulder girdle.

The lectures in Physiology are attended by all the students. 3. On each side of the chest the breastbone is connected with seven ribs.

XIX. Put the verbs in Present Indefinite Passive:

Seven cervical vertebrae compose the cervical part of the spine. 2. Cranial and facial bones form the skull. 3. The pelvis connects the lower extremity with the trunk.

XX. Translate the sentences paying attention to the translation of the word ʽif̓:

He wants to know if the skeleton is composed of over 200 bones. 2. My fellow-student asks me if each rib is composed of a head, neck and body. 3. I do not remember if the ribs are connected with the breastbone by cartilages or by ligaments.

XXI. Ask each other questions and answer them:

Ask your friend if...

Cartilages connect the joints; 2) the chest is composed of the breastbone and 24 ribs; 3) the man has two lower extremities; 4) the upper extremity is formed by the arm, forearm, and hand; 5) the spinal column is composed of the vertebrae; 6) the skull is composed of facial and cranial parts.

XXII. Translate into English:

Мой друг принимает активное участие в научном кружке по химии. 2. С каждой стороны грудной клетки имеется семь ребер.

Из чего состоят ваши занятия в институте? 4. Нижняя конечность состоит из бедра, голени и стопы. 5. Сердце находится в левой стороне грудной клетки. 6. Кости черепа соединяются с шейными позвонками. 7. У взрослых кости конечностей длиннее, чем у детей.

ХХ III. Translate these sentences and memorize the words given in bold type:

1. One of the books by Tolstoy is called Anna Karenina. 3. We see with our eyes. 3. The brain is the organ of thinking. 4. The brain is in the cranial cavity. 5. The teeth are in the oral cavity. 6. The Urals separate Europe from Asia

XXIV. 1. Read Text B. Entitle it. 2. Find and translate the sentences in Present Indefinite Passive. 3. Ask each other questions on the text and answer them.

Text В

The main part of the head and face is called the skull. The skull is composed of twenty-six bones. These bones form two basic parts of the skull, that is facial and cranial parts.

The bones of the skull are connected with the first cervical vertebra. The bones of the skull are connected together so firmly that it is very difficult to separate them.

The bones of the skull form one large cavity and some smaller cavities. The large cavity is called the cranial cavity¹. The brain is in the cranial cavity. One of the smaller cavities is the cavity of the nose. The other two cavities are the orbits. The eyeballs are in the orbits.

Note

¹ cranial cavity - мозговая полость

LESSON 10

HOME ASSIGNMENTS

I. Выпишите в две колонки существительные и прилагательные, под- черкните суффиксы:

Facial, scientific, spinal, formation, pelvis, connection, basic, special, composition, experimental, anatomical, sacral.

II. Сгруппируйте слова, обозначающие части скелета (письменно):

Череп. 2. Туловище. 3. Конечности.

Skull, lower extremity, orbit, upper extremity, thigh, leg, shoulder, pelvis, spinal column, hand, rib, forearm, cervical vertebrae, foot, chest, arm.

III. Найдите ниже перевод каждого английского слова: