Name some principles of Common Agricultural Policy.

Characterise the types of farming in the UK

LANGUAGE FOCUS

Gerund

Define the form, noun and verb characteristics of the gerund. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1) I can't imagine living in that big house.

2) Most people don't like receiving bad news.

3) It’s no good taking advantage of people’s weakness.

4) I don’t mind being helped by my sister.

5) Normally, a girl wouldn't think of marrying a man she did not love.

6) He gave up smoking last year.

7) He disliked being disturbed after dinner.

8) I remembered having met him at the station.

9) Writing quickly tires my hand.

10) He was good at gathering mushrooms.

Use the gerund of the verb in brackets. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1) He looked forward to _____ (to meet) his parents.

2) You can't be afraid of _____ (to hurt) unless you've been hurt.

3) But in fear of _____ (to recognize) she lowered her gaze.

4) So I see. You're good at _____ (to make) yourself at home.

5) He insisted on _____ (to send) him instead of me.

6) My sister would never leave without _____ (to see) me.

7) He showed no sign of _____ (to know) them.

8) I was annoyed at _____ (to interrupt) every other moment.

9) I've always liked _____ (to take) risks.

10) He hated _____ (to remind) people of their duties or _____ (to remind) of his.

11) In _____ (to discuss) the problem they touched upon some very interesting items.

12) The operator can set the machine in motion by _____ (to push) the button or _____ (to press) the pedal.

13) Do you mind _____ (to examine) the list?

14) He was good at _____ (to gather) mushrooms.

15) Raymond didn't like _____ (to call) Ray.

Match.

1) Are you interested 2) She apologized 3) They succeeded 4) Thank you 5) I am very good 6) We’re very excited 7) I am fed up 8) They insisted 9) He was sorry 10) I am very bad

a) for forgetting my birthday. b) in working with us? c) for coming. d) in reaching their target. e) of waiting for him to call. f) for being late. g) on having the most expensive room. h) at remembering people’s names. i) about meeting the actors. j) at getting people to do what I want.

17. Put in the correct preposition.

1) My friend is good ___ playing volleyball.

2) She complains ___ bullying

3) They are afraid ___ losing the match.

4) She doesn't feel ___ working on the computer.

5) We are looking forward ___ going out at the weekend.

6) Laura dreams ___ living on a small island.

7) Andrew apologized ___ being late.

8) Do you agree ___ staying in a foreign country?

9) The girls insisted ___ going out with Kerry.

10) Edward thinks ___ climbing trees this afternoon.

Shorten the sentences by using the Gerund.

1) I entered the office and didn't say a word. -- I entered the office without....

2) When we left the house, we met the postman. – On....., we met the postman.

3) She remembered that she had written the letter. - She remembered......

4) Before we went home, we bought a hamburger. - Before....., we bought a hamburger.

5) Would you mind if I go now? - Would you mind.....?

6) We were tired because we had worked so hard. – Because....., we were tired.

 

Read a sentence and then write a second sentence with the same meaning. Each time begin in the way shown.

MODEL: I phoned Ann and then I went out. – After phoning Ann I went out.

 

1) Bill is a very good cook. – Bill is very good at.....

2) The plane took off and soon afterwards it crashed. – Soon after.....

3) Tom went to bed but first he had a hot drink. – Before.....

4) We didn’t eat at home. We went to a restaurant instead. – Instead of.....

5) You put people’s lives in danger if you drive dangerously. – You put people’s lives in danger by.....

6) He hurt his leg but he managed to win the race. – In spite of..

7) George took more exercises and so lost weight. – By.....

8) He was angry with me because I was late. – He was angry with me for......

 

Translate into English using the gerund or gerundial complexes.

1) Дякую тобі, що допоміг мені дістати квитки.

2) Пробачте, що я запізнився.

3) Учитель заперечував проти того, щоб ми сьогодні пішли в кіно.

4) Замість того, щоб іти до нього, ви можете зателефонувати йому.

5) Цей фільм варто подивитися.

6) Він наполягав на тому, щоб усі прийшли завтра о 8 годині.

7) Мій товариш зайнятий ремонтом телевізора.

8) Я з нетерпінням чекаю, коли буду працювати на заводі.

9) Вона пішла з дому, не вимкнувши телевізора.

10) Мене дивує, що вона робить так багато орфографічних помилок.

 

 

Unit 22 Higher Education in the UK
	Vocabulary in Use Higher Education in the UK Oxford and Cambridge Language Focus Infinitive or Gerund?

Vocabulary In Use

1. Find the Ukrainian equivalents in the right-hand column for the following:

1) an innovative style of teaching 2) a private institution 3) local authority 4) to cover expenses 5) a postgraduate 6) a degree 7) individual tuition

a) приватний заклад b) покривати витрати c) аспірант d) науковий ступінь e) новаторський стиль навчання f) індивідуальне навчання g) місцева влада

 

Match the words to their definitions.

1) sandwich course 2) application 3) assessment 4) tutorial 5) essay

a) evaluation of a student's achievement on a course b) an educational course in which you have periods of study between periods of being at work. c) a short piece of writing on one particular subject written by a student. d) a formal written request for something (job, membership of an organization). e) a regular meeting between a tutor and one or several students, for discussion of a subject that is being studied.

 

3. Make up word combinations and give their Ukrainian equivalents:

education higher living degree work practical

place costs system classes education program

Match the words (phrases) with similar meanings.

1) flexibility 2) excellence 3) fee 4) choice 5) research

a) alternative b) investigation c) adaptability d) high quality e) payment

 

5. Fill in the words from the list:

programs colleges application

grant tutorial undergraduate

 

1) A university usually consists of some _____, which are a part of the University.

2) A person who studies for a degree at a British University is called an _____.

3) Most bachelor's degree _____ in the United Kingdom are three years long.

4) For all British citizens a place at a university brings with it a _____ from their local education authority.

5) If the universities are interested in your _____, they will ask you to attend an interview.

6) The _____ is the basic mode of instruction at Oxford and Cambridge.

READING AND speaking

Read the following text.

Higher Education in the UK

Education system in the UK is reputed to be among the best and is respected all around the world as it offers flexibility in academic understanding and career opportunities. It has an excellent combination of traditional excellence with innovative styles of teaching. Apart from having a world-class education system, students who study here have a chance of meeting with people of different nationalities, sharing backgrounds and exploring new perspectives.

Higher education is provided by three main types of institutions: universities, colleges and institutions of higher education and art and music colleges. Most universities are divided into faculties which may be subdivided into departments. Universities in Britain greatly differ from each other in date of foundation, history, tradition, size, methods of teaching, way of student life, etc. The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge date from the twelfth and thirteenth centuries and the Scottish Universities of St. Andrew’s, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh from the fifteenth and sixteen centuries. All the other universities were founded in the nineteenth or twentieth centuries.

All British universities are private institutions. Students have to pay fees and living costs, but every student may obtain a personal grant from local authorities. If the parents do not earn much money, their children will receive a full grant which will cover all the expenses. In the UK about one-third of all students go on to some form of higher education and this number is well over 50% for students from Scotland. This makes competition for places very fierce.

UK higher education offers two main levels of study: undergraduate and postgraduate.

Students apply to study for an undergraduate degree through the University and College Admissions Service (UCAS), a central government agency that coordinates applications for every university. Students may make 5 choices on their UCAS form. Wide ranges of degree courses are available, which provide skills for a variety of jobs or further study. Candidates are accepted on the basis of their A-level results.

In the UK most undergraduate degree programs take three years to finish. Some courses, such as languages or medicine, may be one or two years longer. Besides, the “sandwich course” is increasing in popularity, which is four years and involves one year in the work place (normally in the third year). In Scotland the courses are four years in length for undergraduate programs. Some universities have adopted the credit-unit or modular system of assessment. University teaching combines lectures, practical classes (in scientific subjects) and small group teaching in either seminars or tutorials.

Types of degrees include: Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Science (BSc).

Students who obtain their Bachelor degree (graduates) can apply to take a further degree course. There are two different types of postgraduate courses — the Master's degree (MA or MSc), which takes one or two years, and the higher degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), which takes two or three years.

A Master’s degree in the UK may be research based, a taught course or a combination of the two and will prepare students for a particular career or for a doctorate qualification, and are offered in a variety of fields.

Answer the questions.

1) What is the education system in the UK respected for?

2) What are the three main types of higher education institutions?

3) What do the British universities differ in?

4) Do the students have to pay fees?

5) How do the students apply to study for an undergraduate degree?

6) How long does it take to get Bachelor’s degree?

7) What are the main postgraduate courses?

Match numbers (1-3) to letters (A-C).

Sandwich Courses