Заглавная страница Избранные статьи Случайная статья Познавательные статьи Новые добавления Обратная связь FAQ Написать работу КАТЕГОРИИ: АрхеологияБиология Генетика География Информатика История Логика Маркетинг Математика Менеджмент Механика Педагогика Религия Социология Технологии Физика Философия Финансы Химия Экология ТОП 10 на сайте Приготовление дезинфицирующих растворов различной концентрацииТехника нижней прямой подачи мяча. Франко-прусская война (причины и последствия) Организация работы процедурного кабинета Смысловое и механическое запоминание, их место и роль в усвоении знаний Коммуникативные барьеры и пути их преодоления Обработка изделий медицинского назначения многократного применения Образцы текста публицистического стиля Четыре типа изменения баланса Задачи с ответами для Всероссийской олимпиады по праву Мы поможем в написании ваших работ! ЗНАЕТЕ ЛИ ВЫ?
Влияние общества на человека
Приготовление дезинфицирующих растворов различной концентрации Практические работы по географии для 6 класса Организация работы процедурного кабинета Изменения в неживой природе осенью Уборка процедурного кабинета Сольфеджио. Все правила по сольфеджио Балочные системы. Определение реакций опор и моментов защемления |
Грамматические средства современного английского языкаСодержание книги
Поиск на нашем сайте
1. СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ (WORD-BUILDING)
Упражнение 4. Образуйте новые слова: 1) a tradition (n) традиция a) traditional b) traditionalous c) traditionful 2) a Сеlt (n) кельт а) Celtic b) Celtable c) Celtful 3) full (adj) полный a) fully b) fullous c) ilfull 4) to move (v) двигаться, перемещаться а) movement b) movetion c) moveful 5) to decorate (v) украшать а) decorately b) decoration c) decoratedom 6) a beauty (n) красота a) beautor b) beautiful c) beautic 7) to end (v) заканчивать a) ender b) an end c) endful 8) to crown (v) короновать a) crowful b) crowny c) a crown 9) finance (n) финансы a) to finance b) financedom c) financful 10) a wonder (n) чудо а) wonderful b) wondery c) wondership Упражнение 5. Дополните предложения наиболее подходящими словами из бланка ответов:
The 1 flag of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the Union Flag, but it is 2 called the Union Jack*. This name came from English sailors’ slang. The sailors called so a jack of the ship. Now the Union Jack is a 3 of three crosses: St. Andrew’s Сross, St. George’s Cross, St. Patrick’s Cross. Theу represent England, Scotland and Ireland. The UK flag’s history began in 1603, when Scotland аnd England were united. 4 Scotland’s blue flag with the white diagonal St. Andrew’s cross was added to the English white flag with a red vertical St. George’s Cross.
Рис. 3. Эволюция британского флага
The King James (1566-1625) ordered to put the Union Jack on all English ships. Later, in 1801the red diagonal cross of St. Patrick was introducedto that flag when Ireland became the part of the UK. The Union Jack is most seen 5 from public buildings or at 6 events. 7 may wave small Union Jacks when any member of the royal family visits their towns. During national 8 strings of small flags are hung across the streets as buntings. Wales has its own flag with the dragon of Cadwallander* on a white and green background. It has been recognized as a national Welsh flag since the 1950s. The British make fun with their flag. They put it on their bags, hats аnd another articles of clothing. But they do not like to talk about their 9 or show such 10 except special occasions like a royal anniversary or a football match. ________________________________________________________________________________ *См.: Раздел V Иллюстрированный глоссарий «Социокультурной портрет Соединенного Королевства Великобритании и Северной Ирландии»
Saint Patrons святые покровители St. Andrew’s Cross крест Святого Эндрю St. George’s Cross крест Святого Джорджа St. Patrick’s Cross крест Святого Патрика English sailors’ slang сленг английских моряков A jack флаг, гюйс на военном корабле To unite объединяться To represent представлять To add добавлять, Тo introduce вводить To make fun with smth подшучивать над чем-либо To wave махать A royal anniversary юбилейная дата членов королевской семьи Strings of small flags are hung across the street as buntings. Растяжки из маленьких флажков вывешиваются на улицах. 1. a) national b) nation c) nationalist 2. a) general b) generally c) generalous 3. a) combinator b) combinating c) combination 4. a) Originally b) Original c) Originalous 5. a) flying b) fly c) flyer 6. a) sportic b) sportful c) sport 7. а) Children b) Childs c) Childrens 8. a) celebrations b) celebraters c) celebrators 9. a) patriotic b) patriotism c) patriotical 10. a) feels b) feelingers c) feelings
Упражнение 6. Дополните предложения словами из бланка ответов:
Some greetings in English are rather informal: a simple Good morning or a wave of hand across the street is quite enough. Handshakes are only exchanged on the first 1 or as a token of agreement or congratulation. You would always say Hello to friends, neighbours, colleagues and other people 2 but you say Good morning, Good afternoon, Good evening while greeting some seniors, 3 or persons you approach officially, on business, etc. One should bear in mind that Good morning is used untillunch-time (12-2 p.m.), Good afternoon is for the period until 5-6 p.m., and Good evening isuntil 10-11 p.m. Remember difference in tone. For formal greeting one uses the low fall, for less formal and warmer greetings we use the low rise, the friendliest tone for greeting is the fall rise. Good night is not a greeting but a wish. Morning/Afternoon/Evening are semi-formal greetings. However no form of address is 4 used when greeting groups of people. If you want to express pleasure at seeing someone, for example, 5 a guest, you may say Hello! Nice to meet you! When you are introduced to a person, you always say How do you do? It doesn’t mean that you are actually interested in the person’s state of health you are being introduced to. This person does not answer your question but in turn asks you the same question which you do not answer either. This greeting sounds quite formal and 6 when introduced to each other may use more familiar Glad to meet you. The usual introduction formula may be May I introduce Mr. Blair (Mrs., Miss)? or less formal Meet Mr. Blair (Mrs., Miss)? If you really wish to inquire about person’s health you merely ask, How are you? The answer might be, Very well, thank you! Or perhaps, Thank you, not so well. Polite words and phrases such as Please, Thank you, Excuse me are often used in Britain. The titles of respect used today in Britain have distinct origins. The woman’s courtesy title Madam came from an old French term meaning «my lady» which was used by the lower classes to address 7 at court. Mister, a form of master came from the Latin word magister, meaning «a 8 and a lawmaker». Today, Master is а common courtesy title given to 9 all men. Sir, another courtesy title in 10 use, evolved from seigneur, the medieval French title for the lord or a feudal manor.
Informal неформальный / неофициальный / без церемоний А wave of а hand взмах / приветствие рукой А token of agreement or congratulation знак согласия / приветствия А title of respect формула уважительного обращения А senior (N) старший (по возрасту, званию) The usual introduction formula обычная форма представления Nice to meet you! Рад Вас видеть! Tо have а distinct origin иметь точное происхождение The woman’s courtesy title уважительное обращение к женщине A noblewoman at court дворянка A ruler / а lawmaker правитель / законодатель Customary обычный Virtually в сущности To evolve развиваться 1. a) introduct b) introducing c) introduction 2. a) regularly b) regular c) regularer 3. a) teachs b) teachers c) teachists 4. a) general b) generally c) generalous 5. a) welcomer b) welcomation c) welcoming 6. a) strangers b) strangists c) strange 7. a) a noblewoman b) a noble woman c) a noble-woman 8. a) rullship b) rulling c) ruller 9. a) virtualous b) virtually c) virtual 10.a) general b) generalous c) generally 2. АРТИКЛЬ (THE ARTICLE)*
e.g. a king [ ə ‘kiŋ] король e.g. the British [ ðə ‘britiʃ] британцы e.g. an institution [ ən insti ‘ tjυ:ʃən] обычай e.g. the Irish [ ði‘ airiʃ] ирландцы * Артикль служит определителем существительного, передает значение опреде- ленности/неопределенности в существительном, вещественного значения не имеет Рис. 3. Классификация артиклей Употребление артиклей
* См.: Раздел V Иллюстрированный глоссарий «Социокультурной портрет Соединенного Королевства Великобритании и Северной Ирландии» ** См.: Раздел VI Приложение 3 «Британские имена British Names» *** Первый этаж считается нежилым помещением в Великобритании
Упражнение 7. Решите, какой из предложенных артиклей необходимо употребить в предложениях ниже: 1. Glenda lives in the /- /а (аn) Manchester. 2. There is the /- /а(an) beautiful Hyde Park in London. 3. I’d like to travel. Will you propose me the /- /а (an) routes? 4. The /- /а William Shakespeare wrote comedies, tragedies, history plays, sonnets. 5. The /- /а (an) British are fond of talking about the weather. 6. There is the /- /а (an) sports-ground in front of the school building. 7. George Bernard Show, the /- /а (an) English playwright, was born in Ireland. 8. Christmas is the /- /а (an) most important holiday in Great Britain. 9. Тhe /- /а (an) Thames is the busiest (самая судоходная) river in Great Britain. 10. Robin Hood defended the /- / а (an) poor.
Упражнение 8. Выберите правильный артикль: a) a/an b) the c) –
The British Constitution has three branches: Parliament which makes the laws, the Government which puts the laws into effect, and the Law Courts which interpret laws.Although 1 Sovereign (Queen or king) officially heads all three branches, but has little direct power (Рис. 4). Parliament has 2 two parts: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Members of the House of Commons are elected by ballot of 3 659 members. They are called as MPs, or Members of Parliament. Their Chairman is the Speaker. The Prime Minister is also 4 MP, the leader of the political party with a majority in the House of Commons. The Prime Minister is chosen by the Cabinet of twenty other ministers who is in charge of major 5 departments or ministries. Departments and ministries are headed by civil servants who are permanent officials. If the government changes after election, the same servants continue working. The House of Lords with the Lord Chancellor at its top consists of two kinds of members: Lords Temporal and Lords Spiritual. The latter includes the archbishops of 6 York and Canterbury together with twenty-four senior bishops of 7 Church of 8 England. 9 first are represented by hereditary peers who inherit their titles; life peers appointed by the Queen for various services to the nation; the Lords of Appeal (Law Lords) becoming life peers on their judicial appointments. Lords of Appeal serve as the Supreme Court of Appeal. It consists of nine Law Lords to hold senior judicial office. The Law Lords are presided by the Lord Chancellor and form a quorum of five or three to hear appeal 10 cases.
Рис. 4. Система государственного управления в Великобритании Sovereign [‘sɒvrin] монарх Government правительство Law Courts суд To put the laws into effect выполнять законы The House of Commons палата общин The House of Lords палата лордов To be elected by ballot избираться всеобщим голосованием The Speaker спикер (председатель палаты общин) To be in charge of major government departments or ministries руководить основными правительственными департаментамиили министерствами Lords Temporal светские члены палаты лордов (не духовенство) Lords Spiritual «духовные лорды» / «владыки духовные» (архиепископы / епископы палаты лордов) The Lord Chancellor лорд-канцлер (спикер палаты лордов) А hereditary / life peer наследный / пожизненный пэр The Lords of Appeal члены Верховного аппеляционного суда Упражнение 9. Используйте правила использования артиклей и дополните предложения: a) a / an b) the c) –:
Christmas (or Christmas Day)* is a holy day held on December 25th in honour of the birth of Christ, usually kept as a public holiday. Christmas isalso 1 banking holiday, it is called so as all banks are closed, nobody works. Christmas Eve is on 2 24th of December. Offices close at 1 o’clock, but the shops stay open late. In Britain people have many interesting Christmas traditions. To begin with, everybody is very busy with decorating houses. Christmas tree forms the centre of decoration in millions of British homes. The children make decoration of Christmas evergreen tree – tinsel, toys, balls, flags of different countries – Germany, France, 3 USA by themselves, and place a large shiningstar at the top of the Christmas tree and many bright shining blue, yellow, green, silver ballsfrom its top to the bottom. Every Christmas Britain is sent a huge fir tree from Norway which stands on Trafalgar Square*, in the centre of London, shining down on all the people who gather there during celebrations. Many years ago British postmen had bright red coats. They looked like robins*. A robin is 4 plump brown bird 14 cm long with a red breast. Robins have been always lived in Great Britain and Northern Ireland. They are often found in gardens. At Christmas the postmen brought many Christmas cards with the message «Merry Christmas!». And people began to think about robins as 5 Christmas bird. Sometimes there is a bunch of holly, pictures of nativity (the birth of Christ), Father Christmas, Christmas trees on the Christmascard. Nowadays 6 British also use а holly* for decorating their homes. Itis an evergreen plant with sharp-pointed leaves and red berries. Long ago 7 people began puttinghollies in their homes during the dark cold winters. They liked looking at а holly and thinking about the spring and 8 sun. The British also put this plant on Christmas puddings. Now it is the highlight of Christmas dinner. A coin is placed into the pudding. People believe that it makes a person who finds ithappy. Boxing Day comes after Christmas Day. It is on 9 26th of 10 December. People do not go to work this day. They visit friends or go to the theatre. Everybody gives and receives Christmas cards and Christmas boxes*. As people give each other presents, in the days and weeks before Christmas the shops become very busy. Newspapers and television, etc. say how many shopping days are left and people spend a lot of money. Many people enjoy this but others feel that Christmas has become too much of a business and so has lost its meaning. ___________________________________________________________________ * См.: Раздел V Иллюстрированный глоссарий «Социокультурной портрет Соединенного Королевства Великобритании и Северной Ирландии»
А holy day святой день A public holiday общенациональный праздник Christmas Eve канун Рождества Tinsel, toys, balls, flags мишура, игрушки, флажки Britain is sent a huge fur tree from Norway. Норвегия присылает огромную пушистую елку Великобритании. A robin малиновка (птичка с красной грудкой) А breast грудка (малиновки) Christmas card / pudding рождественская открытка / рождественский пудинг А holly остролист Sometimes there is a bunch of holly, pictures of nativity (the birth of Christ), Father Christmas, Christmas trees on the Christmascard. Иногда на рождественских открытках изображают букет из остролиста, сцены из рождественских пьес о рождении Христа, Деда Мороза, рождественскую ёлку. 3. ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЕ (THE SENTENCE)* * Предложение – сочетание слов, выражающее законченную мысль. Рис. 5. Классификация предложений
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Последнее изменение этой страницы: 2016-12-12; просмотров: 732; Нарушение авторского права страницы; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! infopedia.su Все материалы представленные на сайте исключительно с целью ознакомления читателями и не преследуют коммерческих целей или нарушение авторских прав. Обратная связь - 3.12.153.240 (0.013 с.) |