Этические принципы исследовательской работы

Сбор данных ставит важные этические вопросы, на которые нельзя дать простые ответы. Этические проблемы обычно концентрируются вокруг возможности своего рода обмана, вина за который возлагается или на социолога, или на характер исследования, или на то и другое одновременно.

В некоторых случаях люди не должны знать подлинные данные о личности исследователей, иначе они не представят желаемую информацию. В любой общности существуют группы людей, занимающиеся деятельностью, о которой они предпочитают умалчивать. Они опасаются, что разоблачение может навлечь судебное преследование (торговцы наркотиками), вызвать публичное осуждение (гомосексуалисты) или то и другое сразу. Исследователь, раскрывший свои замыслы, возможно, преодолеет скрытность по крайней мере некоторых из этих людей. Остальные же, даже отличающиеся от тех, кто боится разоблачения, скорее всего, составят необъективную выборку.

В ситуациях подобного рода социологи иногда сообщали о себе; ложные сведения; чтобы завоевать доверие, они выдавали себя за людей, в чем-то похожих на них. Например, в 15-й главе мы узнали, что группа исследователей выдавала себя за верующих, сторонников культа. Согласно их объяснению, если бы они назвали себя исследователями, их исключили бы из группы, и они подверглись бы нападкам со стороны верующих. В других случаях исследователи полностью раскрывают себя, но скрывают подлинные цели исследования. Однако часто исследователи вводят обследуемых в заблуждение, опасаясь, что в противном случае вызовут искажения в их ответах.

В принципе подобный обман или ложная информация о мотивах действий исследователя неэтичны. Когда подобный обман или надувательство становятся нормой в повседневной деятельности профессионалов, наверное, они заслуживают еще более суровой критики. Однако такой обман должен быть сопоставлен с важностью получения научно обоснованных результатов. В свою очередь, их важность должна сопоставляться с потенциальным психологическим или физическим ущербом, который может быть нанесен обследуемым. Если существует риск нанести им вред, даже потенциальная ценность исследовательских проектов не может служить оправданием обмана. /649/

ЛИТЕРАТУРА

ABC News-Harris Survey. Leisure time activities. New York: Chicago Tribune Syndicate, Inc., Jan. 1, 1979.

ABC News-Harris Survey. Profile of the 1980 electorate. New York: Chicago Tribune Syndicate, Inc., May 29, 1980.

Aberle, D., Cohen, A., Davis, K., Levy, M. J. Jr. & Sutton, F. X. The functional prerequisites of a society. Ethics, 1950, 9, 100-111.

Abrahamson, M. Informal groups in the research laboratory. In M. Abrahamson (Ed.), The professional and the organization. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1967.

Abrahamson, M. Urban Sociology (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1980.

Adorno, Т., Frenkel-Brunswik, E., Levinson, D.J. & Sanford, R.N. The authoritarian personality. New York: Harper, 1950. * (* На рус. яз.: "Социологические исследования" - N 3, 1993 г. (ред.))

Aldrich, H.Е. Technology and organizational structure: A reexamination of the findings of the Aston Group. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1972, 17, 26-43.

Alexander, K.L., & Eckland, B.K. High school context and college selectivity: Institutional constraints in education stratification. Social Forces, 1977, 56(1), 166-168.

Allen, F.L. The big change: America transforms itself 1900-1950. London: H. Hamilton, 1952.

Antonio, R.J. The contradiction of domination and production in bureaucracy: The decline of the Roman Empire. American Sociological Review, 1979, 44. 895-912.

Arensberg, C.M., & Kimball, S.T. Family and community in Ireland. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1948.

Aries, P. Centuries of childhood. New York: Vintage, 1965.

Arkin, W., & Dobrofsky, L.R. Military socialization and masculinity. Journal of Social Issues, 1978, 34, 151-168.

Arling, G. The elderly widow and her family and neighbors. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1976, 38, 757-768.

Asch, S.E. Effects of group pressure upon the modification and distortion of judgments. In H.Guetzkow, Groups, leadership, and men. Pittsburgh: Carnegie Press, 1951.

Astin, A.W. The measured effects of higher education. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 1972, 404, 1-20.

Atchley, R.C. The social forces in later life (3rd ed.). Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth, 1980.

Avery, P.A. With ERA dying, what's ahead for women's groups? U.S. News & World Report, June 28, 1981, p.55.

Avineri, S. Letter from Israel. The Partisan Review, 1982, 49, 284-93.

Bales, R.F. The equilibrium problem in small groups. In A.P. Hare, E.F.Borgatta, & R.F.Bales, Small groups. New York: Knopf, 1965. /662/

Bales, R.F., & Slater, P.E. Role differentiation in small decision-making groups. In T.Parsons & R.F. Bales (Eds.), Family, socialization, and interaction process. New York: Free Press, 1955.

Banton, M. Six orders of race relations. In J. Stone (Ed.), Race, ethnicity and social change. North Seituate, Mass.: Duxbury Press, 1977.

Barberis, M. America's elderly: Policy implications. Population Bulletin, Policy Supplement, 1981, 35(4), 3-36.

Bardwick, J.M., & Douvan, E. Ambivalence: The socialization of women. In J. M. Bardwick (Ed.), Readings on the psychology of women. New York: Harper & Row, 1972.

Barnet, R.J. Minerals, food, and water. The New Yorker, March 31, 1980, pp. 40-91.

Baron, H. Black powerlessness in Chicago. Trans-Action, November 1968, pp. 27-33.

Barron, R.D., & Norris, G.M. Sexual divisions and the dual labor market. In D.L. Barker & S. Allen (Eds.), Dependence and exploitation in work and marriage. New York: Longman, 1976.

Barry, H. III, Bacon, M.K., & Child, I.L. A crosscultural survey of some sex differences in socialization. In C.Harrington (Ed.), Approaches to learning. New York: MSS Information Corp., 1973.

Brain, R. Friends and lovers. New York: Basic Books, 1976.

Brandwein, R. F., Brown, С A., & Fox, E. M. Women and children last: The social situation of divorced mothers and their families. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1974, 36, 498-514.

Braverman, H. Labor and monopoly capital: The degradation of work in the twentieth century. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974.

Breed, W. Occupational mobility and suicide among white males. American Sociological Review, 1963, 28, 178-179.

Brim, O. G., Jr. Sociology and the field of education. New York: Russell Sage, 1958.

Brim, O. G., Jr. Socialization through the life cycle. In O. G. Brim, Jr., & S. Wheeler (Eds.), Socialization after childhood: Two essays. New York: John Wiley, 1966.

Brooks, H. Scientific concepts and cultural change. Daedalus, Winter 1964. Brown, В., & Grotberg, E.H. Head start: A successful experiment. Courier, 1980, 30, 337-344.

Brown, F. J., & Roucek, J.S. Our racial and national minorities: Their history, contributions, and present problems. Endlewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1939.

Brown, G.H. Degree awards to women: An update. Washington, D.C.: National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1979.

Brown, J.S. A comparative study of deviance from sexual mores. American Sociological Review, 1952, 17, 138.

Brown, L.R., & Finesterbusch, G. Man, food, and environment. In W.W. Murdoch (Ed.), Environment: Resources, pollution, and the society. Stamford, Conn.: Sinauer Associates, 1971.

Budget tailors education to Reagan pattern. Science, 1982, 215, 1077-1078.

Bumpass, L., & Rindfuss, L. Children's experience of marital disruptions. Discussion Papers, DP no. 512-578. Madison, Wise.: University ofWisconsin, Institute for Research on Poverty, 1978.

Bunker, E. Animal factory. New York: Viking, 1977.

Buraway, M. The Management of Consent: Changes in the Labor Process under Monopoly Capitalism (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979).

Burgess, E. W. The growth of the city. In R. Park, E.W. Burgess, & R.D. McKenzie (Eds.), The city. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1925. /663/

Burma, J.H. Interethnic marriages in Los Angeles, 1948-1959. Social Forces, 1963, 42, 156.

Butler, R.N. Age-ism: Another form of bigotry. Geroniologist, 1969, 9, 243-246.

Califano, J.A., Jr. Address before the National Council on Smoking and Health. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1978.

Campbell, A., Converse, P.E., Miller, W.E., & Stokes, D.D. The American voter. An abridgement. New York: John Wiley, 1964.

Campbell, A. White attitudes toward black people. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Institute for Social Research, 1971.

Campbell.C. The secret religion of the educated classes. Sociological Analysis, 1978, 39, 146-156.

Campbell, J.P. On the nature of organizational effectiveness. In P.S. Goodman & J.M. Pennings (Eds.), New perspectives on organizational effectiveness. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1977.

Can schools ban books? Newsweek, March 15, 1982, p.82.

Cannell, C.F., & Kahn, R.L. Interviewing. In G. Lindtey & E.Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (Vol.2). Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1968.

Cardoso, F.H., & Falleto, E. [Dependency and development in latin America] (M.M. Urquidi, trans). Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979.

Carlen, P. Magistrates' courts: A game theoretic analysis. Sociological Review, 1975, 23, 347-379.

Carmichael, S., & Hamilton, С. Black power. New York: Vintage, 1967.

Carnegie Council on Policy Studies in Higher Education. 3000 futures: Tbe next twenty years for higher education. San Francisco:Jossey-Bass, 1980.

Cartter, A.M. Pbh.D.s and tbe academic labor market. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1972.

Casady, M. If you're active and savvy at thirty, you'll be warm and witty at seventy. In S.H.Zarit (Ed.), Readings in aging and death: Contemporary perspectives. New York: Harper & Row, 1979.

Chafetz., J.S. Masculine/feminine or human? An overview of sex roles. Itaca, III.: F.E. Peacock, 1978.

Chagnon, N.A. Ygnomamo, the fierce people. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1968.

Chambliss, W.J. A sociological analysis of the law of vagrancy. Social Problems, 1964, 12, 76-77.

Cherlin, A.J. Marriage, divorce, and remarriage. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981.

Chodorow, N. The reproduction of mothering: Psychoanalysis and the sociology of gender. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974.

Christaller, W. [Central places of southern Germany] (C.W.Baskin trans.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1966.

Churchmen vs. the bomb. Newsweek, January 11, 1982, pp.70-71.

Cicourel A.V. Basic and normative rules in the negotiation of status and role. In D. Sudnow (Ed.), Studies in social interaction. New York: Free Press, 1972.

Clark, B.R. Educating the expert society. San Francisco: Chandler, 1962.

Clark, K.B. Blacks'SAT scores. New York Times, October 21,1982, p.A31.

Clark, R.A., Nye, F.I., & Gecas, V. Husbands' work involvement and marital role performance. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1978, 40, 9-21.

Clark, R.L., & Spengler, J.J. Changing demography and dependency costs: The implications of future dependency ratios and their composition. In B. Herzog (Ed.), Aging and income: Programs and prospects for the elderly. New York: Human Sciences Press, 1978.

Clarke, A.C. The use of leisure and its relations to levels of occupational prestige. American Sociological Review, 1956, 21, 301 -307. /664/

Clarke, J.J. On the unity and diversity of cultures. American Anthropologist 1970, 72, 545-554.

Clausen, J.A. The life course of individuals. In M.W. Riley, M. Johnson, & A. Foner (Eds.), Aging in society: The sociology of age stratification (Vol. 3). New York: Russell Sage, 1972.

Cloward, R.A. Illegitimate means, anomie, and deviant behavior. American Sociological Review, 1959, 24, 164-177.

Cloward, R.A., & Ohlin, L.E. Delinquency and opportunity. New York: Free Press, 1960.

Cohe, A.K. Delinquent boys. New York: Free Press, 1955.

Cohe, A.K., & Hodges, H.M. Characteristics of the lower-blue-collar class. Social Problems, 1963, 10, 303-334.

Cohen, A.K., & Short, J.J., Jr. Juvenile delinquency. In R.K. Merton & R.A. Nisbet (Eds.), Contemporary Social Problems. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1961.

Cole, S., & LeJeune, R. Illness and the legitimation of failure. American Sociological Review, 1972, 37, 347-356.

Coleman, J.S., et al. Equality of educational opportunity. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966.

Coleman, J.S. The concept of educational equality. Harvard Educational Review, 1968, 38, 7-23.

Collins, R. Functional and conflict theories of education. American Sociological Review, 1971, 36, 1002-1019.

Collins, R. Where are educational requirements for employment highest? Sociology of Education, 1974, 47, 419-442.

Collins, R. Conflict sociology: Toward an explanatory science. New York: Academic Press, 1975.

Comfort, A. Sexuality in old age. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 1974, 22, 440-442.

Converse, P.E., & Dupeux, G. Politicization of the electorate in France and the United States. Public Opinion Quarterly, 1962, 26, 1-15.

Cooley, C.M. Social organization: A study of the larger mind. New York: Scribners, 1909.

Cornish, E. The future of the family: Intimacy in an age of loneliness. The Futurist, 1979, 13, 45-58.

Coser, R.L., & Rokoff, G. Women in the occupational world: Social disruption and conflict. In R.L. Coser (Ed.), The family: Its structure and functions. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1974.

Cottle, T.J. An analysis of the phases of development in self-analytic groups. In J.J.Loubser, et al. (Eds.), Explorations in general theory in social science. New York: Free Press, 1976.

Cowan, P. Jews without money, revisited. The Village Voice, September 21, 1972, pp. 16-20; 92.

Cowan, P. Jews without money: Unifying force in an ethnic tinderbox. The Village Voice, September 28, 1972, pp. 16-22.

Cox, O. Caste, class, and race. New York: Monthly Review, 1959.

Crain, R.L., & Mahard, R.E. The influence of high school racial composition on black college attendance and test performance. Washington, D.C.: National Center for Education, Statistics, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1978.

Crosbie, P.V. Introduction. In P.V.Crosbie (Ed.), Interaction in small groups. New York: Macmillan, 1975.

Crozier, M. The bureaucratic phenomenon. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964.

Cumming, E., & Henry, W.E. Growing old: The process of disengagement. New York: Basic Books, 1961. /665/

Cutler, N.E., & Harootyan, R.A. Democracy of the aged. In D.S. Woodroof & J.E. Birren (Eds.), Aging: Scientific perspectives and social issues. New York: Van Nostrand, 1975.

Dahrendorf, R. Class and class conflict in industrial society. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1959.

Daniels, R., & Kitano, H.H.L. American racism: Exploration of the nature of prejudice. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1970.

Dasmann, R.F. Environmental conservation. New York: John Wiley, 1972.

Davis, K. Final note on a case of extreme isolation. American Journal of Sociology 1947, 55, 432-437.

Davis, K., & Moore, W.E. Some principles of stratification. American Sociological Review, 1945, 10, 242-249.

Davis, M.S., & Schmidt, C.J. The obnoxious and the nice: Some sociological consequences of two psychological types. Sociometry, 1977, 40, 201-213.

Dawson, C.A., & Gettys, W.E. Introduction to sociology (rev.ed.) New York: Ronald Press, 1935.

Dearman, N.D., & Plisko, V.W. The condition of education. In Statistical edition, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 1980.

Deem, R. Women and schooling. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1978.

Deevey, E.S. The human crop. Scientific American, September I960, pp. 194-206.

DeLorean, J.Z., & Wright, J.P. How moral men make immoral decisions. In J.P. Wright, On a clear day you can see General Motors. Grosse Point, Mich.: Wright Enterprises, 1979.

Demerath, N.J., III, & Hammond, P.E. Religion in social context: Tradition and transition. New York: Random House, 1969.

Demos, J. A little commonwealth: Family in Plymouth Colony. London: Oxford University Press, 1970.

de Tocqueville, A. Democracy in America. New York: Knopf and Random House, 1945. (Originally published in 1835.)* (*На рус.яз.: А.Токвиль. Демократия в Америке. М. 1991. (ред.)).

Dimock, M.E. Bureaucracy self-examined. In R.K. Merton et al. (Eds.), Reader In bureaucracy. New York: Free Press, 1952.

Dinnerstein, L., Nichols, R.L., & Reimers, D.M. Natives and strangers. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979.

Donosky, L., Keeping your work clothes on. Newsweek, November 1, 1982, p. 58.

Dore, R. British factory-Japanese factory: The origins of national diversity in industrial relations. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973.

Douglas, A. The feminization of American culture. New York: Knopf, 1977.

DuBick, M.A. The organizational structure of newspapers in relation to their metropolitan environment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1978, 23, 418-433.

Dundes, A., & Patger, C.A. Urban folklore from the paperwork empire. Austin, Texas: American Folklore Society, 1975.

Durkheim, E. The rules of sociological method. New York: Free Press, 1938.** (**Э.Дюркгейм. О разделении общественного труда. Метод социологии. М., 1991 (ред.)).

Durkheim, E. [Education and society] (S. Fox, trans.). New York: Free Press, 1956. (Originally published in various sources, 1903-1911).

Durkheim, E. [The division of labor in society] (G. Simpson, trans.). Glencoe, III.: Free Press, 1964. (Originally published in 1893.)

Durkheim, E. [Suicide.] New York: Free Press, 1964. (Originally published in 1897. Also originally published in a foreign language.) /666/

Durkheim, E. [The elementary forms of the religious life.] (J.W.Swain, trans.) New York: Free Press, 1965. (Originally published 1915.)

Easterlin, R.A. Birth and fortune. New York: Basic Books, 1980.

Easton, B. Industrialization and femininity: A case study of nineteenth-century New England. Social Problems, 1976, 24, 389-401.

Eckhardt, K.W. Religiosity and civil rights militancy. Review of Religious Research, 1970, 11, 199.

Eisenstadt, S.M. Introduction. In S.M. Eisenstadt (Ed.), Max Weber on charisma and institution building. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968.

Elder, G.H., Jr. Children of the great depression. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974.

Eldridge, H.T., & Thomas, D.S. Population redistribution and economic growth in United States 1870-1950 (Vol.3). Demographic analyses and interpretations. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1964.

Elkind, D. Giant in the nursery: Jean Piaget. New York Times Magazine, May 26, 1968, pp. 25ff.

Ellis, D., Grasmick, H.G., & Gilman, B. Violence in prisons: A sociological analysis. American Journal of Sociology, 1974, 80, 16-43.

Epstein, C.F. Conflict and contradiction in women's roles. In R.L. Coser (Ed.,), The family: Its structure and function. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1974.

Ericksen, J.A., Yancey, W.L., & Ericksen, E.P. The division of family roles. Journal of marriage and the family, 1979, 41, 301-313.

Erikson, E.H. Childhood and society. New York: Norton, 1950. Erikson, K.T. Everything in its path: Destruction of community in the Buffalo Creek Flood. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1976.

Evan, W.M. On the margin - The engineering technician. In P.L. Berger (Ed.), The human shape of work: Studies in the sociology of occupations. New York: Macmillan, 1964.

Farb, P. Humankind. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1978.

Faris, R.E.L., & Dunham, H.W. Mental disorders in urban areas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1939.

Fatemi, N.S., Williams, G.W., & de Saunt-Phalle, T.L.T. Multinational corporations. New York: A.S. Barnes, 1975.

Feagin, J.R. God help those who help themselves. Psychology Today, November 1972, pp. 101-110.

Feagin, J.R. Racial and ethnic relations. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1978.

Featherman, D.L. The socioeconomic achievement of white religio-etnic subgroups: Social and psychological explanations. American Sociological Review, 1971, 36, 207-222.

Featherman, D.L., & Houser, R.M. Opportunity and change. New York: Academic Press, 1978.

Federici, N. Lezioni di demografia (3rd ed.). Rome; Edizioni E. DiSantis, 1968.

Feeley, M.M. The process is the punishment: Handling cases in lower criminal court. New York: Russel Sage Foundation, 1979.

Fennell, M.C. The effects of environment characteristics on the structure of hospital clusters. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1980, 29, 489-510.

Fergusson, A, When money dies: The nightmare of the Weimar collapse. London: William Kimber, 1975.

Ferree, M.M. Working-class jobs: Housework and paid work as sources of satisfaction. Social Problems, 1976, 23, 431-441.

Festinger, L., Ricken, H.W., & Schachter, S. When prophecy fails. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1956. /667/

Firey, W. Sentiment and symbolism as ecological variables. American Sociological Review, 1945, 10, 140-148.

Fischer, C.S. On urban alienation and anomie. American Sociological Review 1973, 38, 311-326.

Fischer, C.S. The urban experience. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1976.

Fishman, J.A. The sociology of language. In P.P. Giglioli (Ed.), Language and social context. London: Penguin, 1972. The 500. Fortune, May 3, 1981, pp. 322-349.

Flippo, C. Rock and roll tragedy: Why eleven died in Cincinnati. Rolling Stone, January 24, 1980.

Ford, W. Interracial public housing in a border city: Another look at the contact hypothesis. American Journal of Sociology, 1974, 78, 1426-1477.

Form, W.H. Occupational and social integration of automobile workers in four countries. In W.A. Faunce & W.H. Form (Eds.), Comparative perspectives on industrial society. Boston: Little, Brown, 1969.

Frank, A.G. The development of underdevelopment. Monthly Review, 1966, 18, 3-17.

Freedman, R. Theories of fertility decline: A reappraisal. Social Forces. 1979, 58, 1-17.

Freeman, J. Going to the well: School district administrative intensity and environmental constraints. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1979, 29, 119-133.

Freud, S. [Group psychology and the analysis of ego] (J. Strachey, Ed. and trans.). New York: Liveright, 1951, (Originally published in 1921.) * (* На рус.яз.: З.Фрейд. Введение в психоанализ. М., 1989. Психология бессознательного. М., 1989. (ред.))

Freud, S. [Criminals from a sense of guilt.] In J. Strachey (Ed. and trans.). The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud. London: Hogarth, 1957. (Originally published in 1916.) Freud, S. [Civilization and its discontents.] New York: Doubleday Anchor Books, 1958. (Originally published in 1930. Also originally published in German.)

Freud, S. [The future of an illusion.] In J. Strachey (Ed. and trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 21). London: Hogarth, 1961.

Friedrich, C.J., & Brzezinski, Z. Totalitarian dictatorship and autocracy (Vol.2). Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1965.

Fulenwider, C.K Feminism in American politics. New York: Praeger, 1980.

Gagliani, G. How many working classes? American Journal of Sociology, 1981,87,259-285.

Gallup, G. The Gallup poll, 1981. Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources, 1982.

Gallup, G.H. Public opinion 1981. Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources, 1982.

Gamson, W. The strategy of social protest. Homewood, 111.: Dorsey Press, 1975.

Gans, HJ. Urbanism and suburbanism as ways of life. In A. Rose (Ed.), Human behavior and social process. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1962 (a).

Gans, HJ. The urban villagers. New York: Free Press, 1962 (b).

Garabedian, P.G. Social roles and processes of socialization in the prison community. Social Problems, 11(1), 1963, 139-152.

Garfinkel, H. Studies in ethnic methodology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1967.

Garfinkel, H. Studies of the routine grounds of everyday activities. In D.Sudnow (Ed.), Studies in social interaction. New York: Free Press, 1972.

Geertz, C. The interpretation of culture. New York: Basic Books, 1973.

Gerhard, P.F. The flight of Japanese Americans during World War H: Its history and manifestations. University of Wichita Bulletin, 1963, 57, 1-21.

German ancestry predominant in U.S. San Francisco Chronicle, May 11, 1982. /668/

Gerschenkron, A. Economic backwardness in historical perspective. New York: Praeger, 1965.

Gilbert, N., & Eaton, J. Favoritism as a strategy in race relations. Social Problems, 1970, 18, 38-52.

Gilpin R. U.S. power and the multinational corporation: The political economy of foreign direct investment. New York: Basic Books, 1975.

Glascow, D. Black power through community control. Social Work, 1972, 17, 431-443.

Glass, D., Squire, P., & Wolfinger, R. Voter Turnout: An International Comparison. Public Opinion. 1984, 6, 49-57.

Glazer, N.. & Moynihan, D.P. Beyond the melting pot. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press and Harvard University Press, 1963.

Glenn, N.D. The trend in differences in attitudes and behaviorby education level. In R.M. Pavalko (Ed.), Sociology of education: A book of readings. Itasca, III.: Peacock, 1968.

Glenn, N. Interreligious marriage in the U.S.: Patterns and recent trends. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1982, 44(3), 557-568.

Glenn, N. White gains from Negro subordination. Social Problems, 1966, 14, 159-179.

Glick, P.C., & Norton, A.J. Marrying, divorcing and living together in the U.S. today. Population Bulletin, 1979, 32(5).

Glock, C. Y., & Stark, R. Christian beliefs and antisemiticism. New York: Harper & Row, 1966.

Goffman, E. Embarrassment and social organization. American Journal of Sociology, 1956-1957, 62, 264-271.

Goffman, E. The presentation of self in everyday life. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday Anchor Books, 1959.

Goffman, E. Asylums. New York: Doubleday, I 961.

Goffman, E. Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. Endlewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1963.

Gold, R.L On local control of Western energy development. Social Science Journal, 1979, 16(2), 121-127.

Goldner, F.H.. Demotion in industrial management. American Sociological Review, 1965, 30, 97-102.

Goode, W.J. Norm commitment and conformity to role-status obligations. American Journal of Sociology, 1960, 66, 246-258.

Goode, W.J. World revolution and family patterns. New York: Free Press, 1963.

Goodenough, W. Culture, language, and society. Menlo Park, Calif.: Benjamin/Cummings, 1981.

Gordon, С W. The role of teacher in the structure of the high school. In R.R. Bell & H.R. Stub (Eds.), The sociology of education. Homewood, III.: Dorsey Press 1968.

Gordon, M. Assimilation in America: Theory and reality. Daedalus, Spring 1961.

Gordon, M. Assimilation in American life. New York: Oxford University Press, 1964.

Gorin, Z. Income inequality In the Marxist theory of development: A cross-national test. Comparative Social Research, 1980, 3, 147-174.

Gould, R. Transformations: Growth and change in adult life. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1978.

Gouldner, A. W. Patterns of industrial bureaucracy. New York: Free Press, 1954.

Gove, W.R. Deviant behavior, social interaction, and labeling theory. In L.A. Coser & O.N. Larsen (Eds.), The uses of controversy in sociology. New York: Free Press, 1976.

Grant, D.P. An architect discovers the aged. The Gerontologist, 1970, 10, 275-281.

Gray Panthers: Aiming at new targets. U.S. News & World Report, January 24, 1977, p.79. /669/

Greeley, A.M. Religion in the year 2000. New York: Sheed and Ward, 1969.

Greeley, A.M. The denominational society. Glenview, III.: Scott, Foresman, 1972.

Greeley, A.M. The religious factors in academic careers: Another communication. American Journal of Sociology, 1973, 78, 1147-1155.

Greeley, A.M. The American Catholic: A social portrait. New York: Basic Books, 1977.

Green, G., & Weiniak, E. Changing family composition and income differential. Washington, D.C.: U.S.Bureau of the Census, 1982.

Green, T. Father Thames has cleaned up his act, at long last. Smithsonian, 1978, 9, 102-108.

Greenstein, F. Children and politics. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965.

Greer, S. The urbane view. New York: Oxford University Press, 1972.

Griffin, L.J., & Alexander, K.L. Schooling and socioeconomic attainments: High school and college influences. American Journal of Sociology, 1978, 84, 319-347.

Guest, A.M. Occupation and the journey to work. Social Forces, 1976, 55, 166-181.

Guiart, J. "Cargo cults" and political evolution in Melanesia, South Pacific, 1959, 5, 128-129

Gurr, T.R. Why men rebel. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970.

Gusfield, J.R. Tradition and modernity: Misplaced polarities in the study of social change. American Journal of Sociology, 1976, 72, 351-362.

Hacker, A. Farewell to the family? New York review of Books, March 18, 1982, pp. 37-44.

Hagan, J., & Bernstein, I.N. The sentence bargaining of upperworld and underworld crime in ten federal district courts. Law and Society Review, 1979, 13, 467-478.

Hage, J., & Aiken, M. Relation of centralization to other structural properties. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1967, 12, 72-91.

Hager, P. San Francisco's new majority - The singles. Los Angeles Times, October 25, 1982, pp. 1;3;21.

Hall, E.T. The hidden dimension. New York: Doubleday, 1966.

Hall, R.H., Haas, J.E., & Johnson N. Organizational size, complexity, and formalization. American Sociological Review, 1967, 32, 903-912.

Hannan, M.T., & Freeman, J.H. Obstacles to comparative studies. In P.S. Goodman & J.M. Pennings (Eds.), New perspectives on organizational effectiveness. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1977.

Hannan, M.T., Tuina, N.S., & Groeneveld, L.P. Income and marital events: Evidence from an income maintenance experiment. American Journal of Sociology, 1977, 83, 1186-1211.

Hare, A.P. Handbook of small-group research. New York: Free Press, 1962.

Hare, N., & Swift, D.W. Black education. In D.W. Swift (Ed.), American education: A sociological view Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1976.

Harlow, H.F., & Harlow, M.K. Social deprivation in monkeys. Scientific American, November 1945, pp. 7-17.

Harlow, H.F. The nature of love. American Psychologist, 1958, 13, 673-685.

Harris and Associates, 1971. Cited in Hunter, C.S., & Harmon D. Adult illiteracy in the United States: Report to the Ford Foundation. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1979.

Harris, C, & Ullnian, E.L. The nature of cities. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 1945, 242, 7-17.

Harris, L. The myth and reality of aging in America. Washington, D.C.: National Council on Aging. 1975.

Hartmann, H. Capitalism, patriarchy, and job segregation by sex. Signs, 1976, 1, 137-169. /670/

Hartmann, H. The family as the locus of gender, class, and political struggle: The example of housework. Signs, 1981, 6(3), 366-394.

Haveman, R.H. Introduction. In R.H. Haveman (Ed.), A decade of federal anti-poverty programs. New York: Academic Press, 1977.

Havighurst, R.J. Education, social mobility, and social change in four societies. International Review of Education, 1958, 4, 167-183.

Hawley, A.M. Human ecology: A theory of community structure. New York: Ronald Press, 1950.

Heer, D. Society and population (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice-Hall, 1975.

Heilbroner, R.L. The view from the top: Reflections on a changing business ideology. In E.F. Cheit (Ed.), The Business establishment. New York: John Wiley, 1967.

Hendricks, J., & Hendricks, C.D. Aging in mass society (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: Winthrop, 1981.

Henry, A.F., & Short, J.F. Suicide and homicide. Glencoe, III.: Free press, 1954.

Hertz, S.H. Politics of the welfare mothers' movement: A case study. Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 1977, 2, 600-611.

Hertzler, J.O. A sociology of language. New York: Random House, 1965.

Hess, R., & Torney, J. The development of political attitudes in children. Chicago: Aldine, 1967.

Hetherington, E.M. A developmental study preference, identification, and imitation in children. In K.Danziger (ed.), Readings in child socialization. Elmsford, N.Y.: Pergamon Press, 1970.

Hiatt, L.G. Aging and disability. In N.G. McCluskey & E.F. Borgatta (Eds.), Aging and retirement: Prospects, planning, policy. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1981.

Hicks, A., Friedland, R., & Johnson, E. Class power and state policy: The case of large business corporations, labor unions and governmental redistributions in the American states. American Sociological Review, 1978, 43, 302-315.

Hickson, D.J., Hinings, C.R., McMillan, C.J., & Schwilter, J.P. The culture free context of organizational structure: A tri-national comparison. Sociology, 1974, 8, 59-80.

Hillebrandt, R.H. Panel design and time-series analysis. Unpublished master's thesis. Northwestern University, 1962.

Hindeland, M.J. Causes of delinquency: A partial replication and extension. Social Problems, 1973, 20, 471-478.

Hirschi, T. Causes of delinquency. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1969.

Hochschild, A. The unexpected community. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1973.

Hodge, R., Siegel, P.M., & Rossi, Р.H. Occupational prestige in the United States: 1925-1963. In R. Bendix & S.M. Lipset (Eds.), Class and power (2nd ed.). New York: Free Press, 1966.

Hodges, H.M., Jr. Social Stratification: Class in America. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1964.

Hodgkins, B.J. Catholic education. In D.W. Swift (Ed.), American education: A. sociological view. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1976.

Hoffer, E. The true believer. New York: Harper & Row, 1951.

Hofferth, S.L. Day care in the next decade: 1980-1990. Journal of Marriage and The Family 1979, 41, 649-658.

Hoffman, L.W. Fear of success in males and females: 1965 and 1971. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1974, 42, 353-358.

Hoge, D.R., & Carroll, J.W. Religiosity and prejudice in northern and southern churches. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 1973, 12, 181-197.

Hollingshead, A.B. Elmstown youth. New York: John Wiley, 1949. /671/

Hollingshead, A.B., & Redlich, F.C. Social class and mental illness. New York: John Wiley, 1958.

Homans, G.C. Fundamental social processes. In N.J. Smelser (Ed.), Sociology: An introduction (2nd ed.), New York: John Wiley, 1973.

Honig, J.R. Centrification and displacement within cities: A comparative analysis. Social Science Quarterly, 1980, 61(3), 638-652.

Horner, M.S. Fail: Bright women. Psychology Today, November 1969, pp. 36-38.

Hoselitz, B.F. Sociological aspects of economic growth. New York: Free Press, 1960.

How to save social security. Business Week, November 29, 1982, pp. 78-85.

Hoyt, H. The structure and growth of urban areas. Washington, D.C.: Urban Housing Authority, 1939.

Hudson, R.A. Sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980.

Hudson, R.B. Old-age politics in a period of change. In E.F. Borgatta & N.G. McCliskey (Eds.), Aging and society: Current research and policy perspectives. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1980.

Hunter, C.S., & Harmon, D. Adult illiteracy in the United States: Report to the Ford Foundation. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976.

Huntington, S.P. Political order in changing societies. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968.

Horn, C.J. The limits and possibilities of schooling. Boston, Mass.: Allyn & Bacon, 1978.

Hutt, С. Sex differences in human development. Human Development, 1972, 15, 153-170.

Hutton, J.H. Caste in India (4th ed.). London: Cambridge University Press, 1963.

Hymowitz, C, & Wiesman, M. A history of women in America. New York: Bantam Books, 1978.

Iglitzin, L.B. The making of the apolitical woman: Femininity and sex-stereotyping in girls. In J.S. Jaquette (Ed.), Women in politics. New York: John Wiley, 1974.

Illich, I. Deschooling society. New York: Harper, 1971.

Ima, К Japanese Americans: The making of "good" people. In A.G. Dworkin & R.J. Dworkin (Eds.), The minority report: An introduction to racial, ethnic, and gender relations. New York: Praeger, 1976.

Inkeles, A., & Rossi, P.H. National comparisons of occupational prestige. American Journal of Sociology, 1956, 61, 329-339.

Inkeles, A., & Smith, D.H. The fate of personal adjustment in the process of modernization. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 1970, 11, 101-103.

Inkeles, A., & Smith, D.H. Becoming modern. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974.

Ireson, С Girls' socialization for work. In A.H. Stromberg & S. Harkness (Eds.), Working women: Theories and facts in perspective. Palo Alto, Calif.: Mayfield, 1978.

Irving, J. The world according to Garp. New York: Dutton, 1978.

Irwin, J. Prison in turmoil. Boston: Little, Brown, 1980.

Isaacson, W. Running with the PACs. Time. October 25, 1982, pp. 20-26.

Jackman, M.R., & Jackman, R.W. Class awareness in the United States. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1982.

Jacobsen, R.B., Berry, K.J., & Olson, K.F. An empirical test of the generation gap: A comparative intra-familial study. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1975, 37, 841-852.

Jacobson, P.H. American marriage and divorce. New York: Rinehart, 1959.

Jeffries, V., & Ransford, E. Iterracial social contact and middle class white reactions to the Watts Riot. Social Problems, 1969, 16, 312-324.

Jencks. С Inequality. New York: Basic Books, 1972. /672/

Jencks, C, et al. Who gets ahead? The determinants of economic success in America. New York: Basic Books, 1979.

Jennings, M.K., & Niemi, R.G. The political character of adolescence: The influence of families and schools. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1974.

Johnstone, R.L. Religion and society in interaction. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1975.

Juster, T. (Ed.) Education, income, and human behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975.

Kagan, J., & Moss, H. Bind to maturity. New York: John Wiley, 1962.

Kohl, J.A. Modernization, exploitation and dependency in Latin America: Germani, Gonzalez Casanova, and Cardoso. New Brunswick, N.J.: Trans-Action Books, 1976.

Kahn, R.L., Wolfe, D.M., Quinn, R.P., Snoeck, J.AD., & Rosenthal, R.A. Organizational stress: Studies in role conflict and ambiguity. New York: John Wiley, 1964.

Kammerman S.B., & Kahn, A.J. Families and the idea of family policy. In S.B.Kammerman & A.J. Kahn (Eds.), Family policy: Government and families in fourteen countries. New York: Columbia University Press, 1978.

Kanter, R.M. Men and women of the corporation. New York: Basic Books, 1977.

Karabel, J., & Halsey, A.H. Educational research: A review and an interpretation. J. Karabel & A.H. Halsey (Eds.), Power and ideology in education. New York: Oxford University Press, 1977.

Kasperson, R.E., et al. Public opposition to nuclear energy: Retrospect and prospect. In C.I. Unseld et al. (Eds.), Sociopolitical effects of energy use and policy. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, 1979.

Katz, D. Approaches to managing conflict. In R.L. Kahn (Ed.), Power and conflict in organizations. New York: Basic Books, 1964.

Kenkel, W.F. The family in perspective. Santa Monica, Calif.: Goodyear, 1977.

Kerbo, H.R. The stigma of welfare and a passive poor. Sociology and social research, 1976, 60, 173-187.

Kerr, C. et al. Industrialism and industrial man. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1960.

Kerr, C, et al. Observations on the relations between education and work in the People's Republic of China: report of a study group. Berkeley: Carnegie Council on Policy Studies in Higher Education, 1978.

Keyfitz, N. The numbers and distribution of mankind. In W.W. Murdoch (Ed.), Environment: resources, pollution, and the society. Stamford, Conn.: Sinauer Associates, 1971.

Kidwell, C.S., & Swift, D.W. Indian education. In D.W. Swift (Ed.), American education: A sociological view. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1976.

Killian, L.M. The significance of multiple group membership in disaster. American Journal of Sociology, 1952, 42, 309-314.

Killian, L.M. Social movements. In R.E.L. Paris (Ed.), Handbook of modern sociology. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1969.

Kindleberger, C.P. American business abroad. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969.

Kitagawa, E. Social and economic differentials in mortality in the United States. International Population Conference, London, 1969. Liege, Belgium: International Union for the Scientific Study of Population, 1971.

Kitano, H. Japanese Americans: The evolution of a subculture. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1969.

Kitano, H. Race relations. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hail, 1974.

Klapper, J.T. The effects of mass communication. In D.L. Sills (Ed.), International encyclopedia of the social sciences (Vol. 3). New York: Macmillan and Free Press, 1968. /673/

Kluckhohn, C. Common humanity and diverse cultures. In D. Learned (Ed.), The human meaning of the social sciences. New York: Meridian Books, 1959.

Kluckhohn, C. Culture and behavior. New York: Free Press, 1962.

Kluckhohn, С. То the foot of the rainbow. Glovieta, N.M., Grande Press, 1967.

Knapp, R.H. A psychology of rumor. Public Opinion Quarterly, 1940, 8, 22-37.

Kohlberg, L. The development of children's orientations toward a moral order. I: Sequence in the development of moral thought. Vita Humana, 1963, 6, 11-35.

Kohlberg, L. A cognitive-developmental analysis of children's sex role concepts and attitudes. In E.E. Maccoby (Ed.), The development of sex differences. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1966.

Kohn, M.L. Class and conformity. Homewood, 111.: Dorsey Press, 1969.

Kornhauser, A., Dubin, R., & Ross, A.M. Problems and viewpoints. In A. Kornhauser, R. Dubin, & A.M. Ross (Eds,), Industrial conflict. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1954.

Kornhauser, A. Mental health of the industrial worker: A Detroit study. New York: John Wiley, 1965.

Kornhauser, W., & Hagstrom, W.O. Scientists in industry. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962.

Kornhauser, W. "Power elite" or "veto groups". In G.W. Domhoff & H.B. Ballard (Eds.), С. Wright Mills and the power elite. Boston: Beacon Press, 1968.

Krauss, I. Undergraduate education. In D.W. Swift (Eds.), American education: A sociological view. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1976.

Kriesberg, L. Social inequality. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1979.

Kronus, C.L. Mobilizing voluntary associations into a social movement: The case of environmental quality. Sociological Quarterly, 1977, 18, 267-283.

Kuypers, J.A., & Bengston, V.L. Social breakdown and competence: A model of normal aging. Human Development, 1973, 16, 181-201.

Kuznets, S. Quantitative aspects of economic growth of nations, 2: Industrial distribution of national produce and labor force. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 1957, 5, 3-11.

Kuznets, S. Modern economic growth: Findings and reflections. American Economic Review, 1973, 63, 247-258.

Labov, W. The logic of non-standard English. In F. Williams (Ed.), Language and property. Chicago: Markham, 1970.

Labov, W. Sociolinguistic patterns. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1972.

Ladd, E.C., Jr. Religious faith in America. Public Opinion, 1979, 2, 32-83.

Lakoff, R. Language and women's place. New York: Octagon Books, 1976.

Lambert, R.D., & Hoselitz, B.F. Southern Asia and the West. In R.D. Lambert & B.F. Hoselitz (Eds.), The role of savings and wealth in Southern Asia and the West. Paris: UNESCO, 1963.

Landis, J.T. Religiousness, family relationships, and family values in Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish families. Marriage and Family Living, 1960, 22, 341 -348.

Landtman, G. The origin of inequality in the social classes. New York: Greenwood Press, 1968.

Lang, K., & Lang, G. Collective dynamics. New York: Crowell, 1961.

Langway, L. It's like "tubula!" Newsweek, August 2, 1982, p.61.

Lannie, V.P. Public money and parochial education: Bishop Hughes, Governor Seward, and the New York school controversy. Cleveland: Press of Case Western University, 1968.

Laslett, P. In an aging world. New Society, 1977, 42, 171-173.

Lasswell, H.D., & Kaplan, A. Power and society. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1950.

Leach, E.R. Culture and social cohesion: An anthropologist's view. Daedalus, 1965, 94, 24-38. /674/

Leavitt, J.J. Some effects of certain communication patterns on group performance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1951, 46, 38-50.

Legett, J. С Class and race labor. New York: Oxford University Press, 1968.

Leik, R.K. Instrumentality and emotionality in family interaction. In T.M. Mills (Ed.), Readings on the sociology of small groups. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1970.

Letnert, E. Social pathology. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1951.

Lennard, H., Beaulieu, M.R., & Embrey, N.G. Interaction in families with a schizophrenic child. In K. Danziger (Ed.), Readings in child socialization. Elmsford, N.Y.: Pergamon Press, 1970.

Lenski, G. The religious factor. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1961.

Lenski, G. Power and privilege: A theory of social stratification. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1970.

Lenski, G., & Lenski, J. Human societies (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill, 1970.

Lerner, D. The passing of traditional societies. New York: Free Press, 1964.

Lerner, D. Modernization: Social aspects. In D.L. Sills (Ed.), International encyclopedia of the social sciences (Vol. 10). New York: Macmillan and Free Press, 1968.

Levin, M. Social climates and political socialization. Public Opinion Quarterly 1961, 25, 595-606.

Libarle, M., & Seligson, T. The high school revolutionaries. New York: Random House, 1970.

Liebow, E. Tally's corner: A study of Negro streetcorner men. Boston: Little, Brown, 1967.

Lindblom, C.E. Politics and markets. New York: Basic Books, 1977.

Lipset, S.M. Political man. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1960.

Lipset, S.M., & Bendix, R. Social mobility in industrial society. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1959.

Lofland, J.F. Collective behavior: The elementary forms. In M. Rosenberg & R.H. Turner (Eds.), Social psychology: Sociological perspectives. New York: Basic Books, 1981.

Lombroso, C. Crime: Its causes and remedies. Boston: Little, Brown, 1911.

Lowenburg, P. The psychohistorica! origins of the Nazi youth cohort. The American Historical Review. 1971, 76, 1457-1502.

Lowenthal, L. Literature, popular culture, and society. Palo Alto, Calif.: Pacific Books, 1961.

Luckman, T. The invisible religion. New York: Macmillan, 1967.

Lyons, G. Repealing the enlightenment. Harper's, April 1982, pp. 38-40; 73-78.

McClelland, D. The achieving society. Princeton, N.J.: Van Nostrand, 1961.

Maccoby, E.E.: & Jacklin, C.N. The psychology of sex differences. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1974.

McCready, W.C., & Greeley, A.M. The end of American Catholicism? America, October 1972, 334-338.

McIntosh, W.A., & Alston, J.P. Acceptance of abortion among white Catholics and Protestants, 1962 and 1975. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 1977, 16, 295-303.

McIntosh, W.A., & Alston, J.P. Lenski revisited: The linkage role of religion in primary and secondary groups. American Journal of Sociology, 1982, 87, 852-882.

McPhail, C, & Miller, D. The assembling process: A theoretical and empirical examination. American Sociological Review, 1973, 38, 721-735.

McShane, D. Solidarity and the church. Commonweal, January 15, 1982, pp. 14- 17.

Magmtson, E. The bottom line... busted. Time, November 1, 1982, pp. 30-36. /675/

Malinowski, В. Argonauts of the Western Pacific. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1922.

Malinowski, B. The sexual life of savages. New York: Halcyon House, 1929.

Malinowski, B. Culture. In Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences (Vol. 4). New York: Macmillan, 1937.

Malinowski, B. The dynamics of cultural change. (P.M. Keyberry, ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press 1945.

Malinowski, B. Magic, science, and religion and other essays. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1955.

Malthus, T.R. First essay on population 1798 (Reprint ed.). New York: Kelley, 1926. (Originally published in 1798.)* (*На рус.яз.: Т.Мальтус. Очерки о народонаселении. М., 1992 (ред.))

Mann, P.H. An approach to urban sociology. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1965.

Mannheim, K., & Stewart, W.A. An introduction to the sociology of education. New York: Humanities Press, 1962. ** (** На рус.яз.: Мангейм, В.Стюарт. Введение в социологию образования. М., 1992 (ред.)).

Markle, G.E., & Troyer, R.J. Smoke gets in your eyes: Cigarette smoking as deviant behavior. Social Problems, 1979, 26, 611-623.

Marrett, C.B. The precariousness of social class in Black America. Contemporary Sociology, 1980, 9, 19-21.

Marsh, R.M. Comparative sociology. New York: Harcourt Brace & World, 1967.

Marshall, S.L.A. Men against fire. New York: Morrow, 1947.

Marx, K. Wage-labor and capital. New York: International Publishers, 1933. (Originally published in 1865.)

Marx, K. Contribution to a critique of Hegel's philosophy of right. In K. Marx, Early writings (T.B. Bottomore, Ed. and trans.). New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964. (Essay originally published in 1844.)

Marx, K. Letter to P.V. Annenkov, Brussels, December 1846. In N.J. Smelser (Ed.), Karl Marx on society and social change. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973.

Massey, G., & Lewis, D. Energy development and mobile home living: The myth of suburbia revisited. Social Science Journal, 1979, 16(2), 81-92.

Matras, J. Populations and societies. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1973.

Matza, D. Delinquency and drift. New York: John Wiley, 1964.

Matza, D. The disreputable poor. In NJ. Smelser & M. Lipset (Eds.), Social structure and mobility in economic development. Chicago: Aldine, 1966.

Matza, D. Becoming deviant. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1969.

Mayer, R.N. Environmental consciousness and class consciousness: Two case studies. The Social Science Journal, 1982, 19, 105-119.

Mead, G.H. Mind, self and society: From the standpoint of a social behaviorist (C.W. Morris, Ed.). Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1934.

Mead, M. Sex and temperament in three primitive societies. New York: William Morrow, 1935.

Merton, R.K. The role-set: Problems in sociological theory. British Journal of Sociology, 1957, 8, 106-120.

Merton, R.K. Social structure and anomie. American Sociological Review, 1938, 3, 672-682. *** (*** На рус.яз.: "Социологические исследования" 1990-1992 гг.)

Merton, R.K. Social theory and social structure. New York: Free Press, 1957.

Merton, R.K. Social theory and social structure (Rev. and enl. ed.). New York: Free Press, 1968.

Meyer, M.W. Automation and bureaucratic structure. American Journal of Sociology, 1968, 74, 256-264. /676/

Michels, R. Political parties (Е. Paul&C.Paul, trans.). New York: Dover, 1959.

Mileti, D.S., Gillespie, D.S., & Haas, J.E. Size and structure in complex organizations. Social Forces, 1977, 56, 208-217.

Milgram, S. Some conditions of obedience and disobedience to authority. Human Relations, 1965, 18, 57-76.

Milgram, S., & Toch, H. Collective behavior: Crowds and social movements. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (Vol. 4) (2nd ed.). Boston: Addisson-Wesley, 1969.

Miller, H. Flexible retirement-Will Sweden make it work? In S.H. Zarit (Ed.), Readings in aging and death: Contemporary perspectives. New York: Harper & Row, 1977.

Miller, R.S. The social construction and reconstruction of physiological events: Acquiring the pregnancy identity. In N.K. Denzin (Ed.), Studies in symbolic interaction. Greenwich, CT: Jai Press, 1978.

Miller, W. Lower class culture as a generating milieu of gang delinquency. Journal of Social Issues, 1958, 14, 5-19.

Mills, С W. The power elite. New York: Oxford University Press, 1956.

Moen, E. The reluctance of the elderly to accept help. Social Problems, 1978, 25, 293-303.

Molloy, J. Dress for success. New York: Warner, 1978.

Money, J. The "given" from a different point of view: Lessons from intersexuality for a theory of gender identity. In E.K. Oremland and J.K. Oremland (Eds.), The sexual and gender development of young children. Philadelphia: Ballinger, 1977.

Money, J. & Ehrhardt, A. Man and woman, boy and girl. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1972.

Moore, J. Colonialism: The case of Mexican-Americans. Social Problems, 1970, 17, 463-472.

Moore, W.E. Industrialization and labor. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1951.

Moore, W.E. Social change (2nd ed.) Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1974.

Morocco, J.C., & Morocco, J. Education's role in modernity. International Review of Modern Sociology, 1978, 8.

Mortimer, K.P., & McConnell, T.R. Faculty participation in university governance. In C.E. Kruytbosch & S.L. Messinger (Eds.), The state of the university. Beverly Hills, Calif.: 1968.

Multinational enterprises and social policy. Geneva: International Labor Office, 1973.

Murdock, G.P. Social structure. New York: Macmillan, 1949.

Murdock, G.P. Culture and society. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1965.

Murray, R., & Vedlidz, A. Race, socioeconomic status, and voting participation in large southern cities. The Journal of Politics, 1977, 39, 1064-1081.

Musgrove, F. Youth and social order. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1965.

Myrdal, G. An American dilemma: The negro problem and modern democracy. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1944.

National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders. Report. New York: Bantam, 1968.

National Advisory Council on Economic Opportunity. Women in Poverty. In The American promise: Equal justice and economic opportunity (final report of the National Advisory Council on Economic Opportunity). Washington D.C.: National Advisory Council on Economic Opportunity, 1981.

Nault, R.L. Erickson, D.A., & Cooper B.S. Hard times for nonpublic schools. The National Elementary Principal, July/August 1977, 56, 16-21. /677/

Neugarten, B.L., & Lowe, J.W. Age norms, age, constraints, and adult socialization. American Journal of Sociology, 1965, 70, 710-717.

Neugarten, B.L., & Datan, N. Sociological perspectives on the life cycle. In P.B. Baiter, & K.W. Schaie (Eds.), Life-span development psychology: Personality and socialization. New York: Academic Press, 1973.

Newcob, T.M. Attitude development as a function of reference groups: The Bennington study. In E. Maccoby, T.M. Newcomb, & E.L.Hartley (Eds.), Reading in social psychology (3rd ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1958.

Newconibe, P.R. Cohabitation in America: An assessment of consequences. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1979, 41, 579-602.

Nock, S.L. & Rossi, P.H. Ascription versus achievement in the attribution of family social status. American Journal of Sociology, 1978, 84, 565-590.

Notes and comment. The New Yorker, August 30, 196, pp. 17-21.

Nuclear protest tops 1981 religion news. The Christian Century, 1981, 98, 1355-1356.

Nuehring, E., & Markle, G.E. Nicotine and norms: The reemergence of a deviant behavior. Social Problems, 1974, 21, 513-526.

Nye, F.I., & Berardo, F.M. The family: Its structure and interaction, New York: Macmillan, 1973.

Oakley, A. Sex, gender, and society. New York: Harper & Row, 1972.

Oberschall, A. The Los Angeles riot of August 1965. Social Problems, 1968, 15, 297-341.

Oberschall, A. Social conflict and social movements. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1973.

Oberschall, A. The decline of the 1960s social movements. Research and social movements, conflicts and change, 1978, 7, 257-289.

Ogburn, W.F. Social change: With respect to culture and original nature. New York: B.W. Huebsch, 1922.

Ogburn, W.F., & Nimkoff, M. Technology and the changing family. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1955.

<