Exercise 3. Translate into Russian

 

1. Claims paid abroad to be adjusted in accordance with the customs of Lloyd’s but subject to the condition of the Policy and contract of insurance. It is a condition of this insurance that losses, if presented abroad, will be paid in foreign currency at the rate of exchange current on date at place of payment.

2. When this insurance by its terms covers on docks, wharves or elsewhere on shore, and/or during land transportation, it shall include the risks of collision, derailment, overturning or other accidents to the conveyance, fire, lightning, sprinkler leakage, cyclones, hurricanes, earthquakes, floods (meaning the rising of navigable waters), and/or collapse or subsidence of docks or wharves and any additional risk which may be specifically insured herein.

3. This insurance is only against risks of capture, seizure, destruction or damage by men-of-war, piracy takings at sea, arrests, restraints, detainments and other war-like operations and acts of kings, princes and peoples in prosecution of hostilities or in the application of sanctions under international agreements, whether before or after declaration of war…

4. The said goods and merchandise are to be valued at amount of invoice including all charges therein, plus any prepaid and/or advanced and/or guaranteed freight not included in the invoice, plus ______%. Foreign currency to be converted into dollars at banker's sight rate of exchange applicable to each invoice and/or credit and/or draft.

5. It’s agreed that upon payment of any loss this Company is to be subrogated to all the rights and claims of the Assured arising out of such loss against any person or corporations whatsoever either under Bills of Lading or otherwise.

 

Exercise 4. Translate into English:

1. Страхование риска ответственности за нарушение договора допускается в случаях, предусмотренных законом.

2. По договору страхования риска ответственности за нарушение договора может быть застрахован только риск ответственности самого страхователя. Договор страхования, не соответствующий этому требованию, ничтожен.

3. Риск ответственности за нарушение договора считается застрахованным в пользу стороны, перед которой по условиям этого договора страхователь должен нести соответствующую ответственность, - выгодоприобретателя, даже если договор страхования заключен в пользу другого лица либо в нем не сказано, в чью пользу он заключен.

4. В период действия договора имущественного страхования страхователь (выгодоприобретатель) обязан незамедлительно сообщать страховщику о ставших ему известными значительных изменениях в обстоятельствах, сообщенных страховщику при заключении договора, если эти изменения могут существенно повлиять на увеличение страхового риска. Значительными во всяком случае признаются изменения, оговоренные в договоре страхования (страховом полисе) и в переданных страхователю правилах страхования.

5. Страховщик, уведомленный об обстоятельствах, влекущих увеличение страхового риска, вправе потребовать изменения условий договора страхования или уплаты дополнительной страховой премии соразмерно увеличению риска.

6. Если страхователь (выгодоприобретатель) возражает против изменения условий договора страхования или доплаты страховой премии, страховщик вправе потребовать расторжения договора в соответствии с установленными правилами.

7. При неисполнении страхователем либо выгодоприобретателем предусмотренной в настоящем договоре, обязанности страховщик вправе потребовать расторжения договора страхования и возмещения убытков, причиненных расторжением договора.

8. Страховщик не вправе требовать расторжения договора страхования, если обстоятельства, влекущие увеличение страхового риска, уже отпали.

Lesson 2

 

CARGO INSURANCE PROVISIONS

1. The Insurance Company in accordance with these Rules accepts for insurance cargoes to be transported by surface, water and air transport.

2. Under insurance contract concluded in accordance with these Rules are indemnified losses and expenses due to total loss of the cargo (or part of it) and/or due to removal of damages to the cargo (or part of it) arising from fortuitous accidents and perils of the carriage as well as due to other sudden and unforeseen reasons except those specified hereunder.

3. Losses and expenses arising in consequence of the following are not to be indemnified warlike operations and their consequences, piracy, commotion and labour conflicts, acts of sabotage or terrorism; actions of governmental authorities against the insured cargo excluding measures to prevent or diminish the risk of pollution; willful action or rude imprudence of assured or beneficiary or their representatives and infraction by them the rules of transportation and storage of cargo; effect of usual weather conditions or specific and/or natural internals of cargo;

4. The insurance contract is concluded for one cargo conveyance. Insurance Company’s liability starts from the moment the cargo is taken from the place of storage including the loading in the point of departure and covers storage/reloading of cargo in the points of transshipments.

3.2. The insurance contract expires at the moment of the cargo's delivery to the point of destination (including discharging) but not more than 30 days from the start out of the insurance. Renewal over 30 days can be provided for additional payment. Under a special contract (General Policy) can be insured all or distinct kinds of cargoes which the assured receive or transmit during a certain period. The assured is obliged to inform Insurance Company in respect of each transmission of cargo falling under the General Policy even after the delivery of cargo to the point of destination in undamaged condition. If the assured deliberately informed Insurance Company untimely, unduly or didn't inform at all, than Insurance Company has a rights to cancel the General Policy and to receive all the sums of the insurance premium which Insurance Company could receive in the case of a conscientious fulfillment of the General Policy by the assured.

5. If necessary the insurance contract is concluded with inspection of cargo and scheduling of its assessment on the base of consignments, invoices and other documents confirming the presence and the value of the cargo.

6. The assured is obliged to pay the calculated insurance payment at once, then the insurance contract will entitle in force, unless otherwise stipulated in the insurance contract.

7. The cargo is considered to be insured in the sum announced by the assured but not higher the value specified in the customer's invoice (including transportation expenses) or other documents specified in point 3.5. of these Rules. The assured is obliged immediately he becomes aware thereof inform Insurance Company of any essential modifications in the risk, for instance: delay of the cargo's shipment, modification of the route, places of loading, transshipment, discharging, method of shipment etc.. Modifications increasing the extent of the risk give Insurance Company the right to demand the additional insurance payment. If the assured refuses to pay the additional insurance payments the insurance contract ceases from the moment of the increasing in the risk appeared. If the assured didn't inform about the increasing in the risk Insurance Company has the right to cancel the insurance contract and to demand the indemnity of the incurred losses.

8. Insurance Company that paid-up the insurance indemnity receives within the ambit of this sum the right of pretence to the guilty party; the insured is obliged at the receiving of the insurance indemnification circulate all his documents necessary for realization of the subrogation.

If on the fault of insured the subrogation can't be realized then insurer in the congruous size disengage from the obligation to pay insurance indemnification, in case it has been paid-up already the insured is obliged to return to insurer the insurance indemnification.

 

Vocabulary:

 

installment	- взнос; партия; частичное выполнение каких-либо обязательств (не обязательно финансового характера)
indemnity	- возмещение, компенсация
peril	- риск
smuggling	- контрабанда, провоз контрабандным путем
imprudence	- неосторожность, непредусмотрительность
infraction	- нарушение, несоблюдение
collateral losses	- побочные убытки
General Policy	- генеральный полис
right of regress	- право регресса
levy	- сбор, налог; взимание налога
abandonment	- абандон (отказ грузо- или судовладельца от своих прав на застрахованное имущество в пользу страховщика при обязательстве последнего уплатить страхователю полную страховую сумму)

Exercises

 

 

Exercise 1: Give English equivalents for:

 

Наземная транспортировка, возмещение убытков, случайный, грубая небрежность, бенефициар, несоблюдение, покрывать, возобновление, генеральный полис, право регресса, требование возмещения, притязание, оговорка о суброгации, сравнимый, отказ в пользу страховщика, взнос.

 

Exercise 2. Insert prepositions and translate:

 

1. The assured … cargoes may be the owner (consignor and/or consignee) … its own advantage and … the advantage of the third parties.

2. The insurance contract may be concluded as … separate installment so … a regular transportation.

3. Under this insurance contract are indemnified cargo's share … losses, expenses and contributions allowed … General Average during the merchant seafaring; necessary and properly incurred expenses for the salvage … the cargo as well as … preventing and minimizing the loss and ascertaining its extent.

4. Losses and expenses arising … consequence of the following are not to be indemnified: participation of cargo … smuggling or other illegal activities or … to the attempt of such participation; package or marking of cargoes … infraction of standards or dispatch of cargoes … damaged condition;

5. The assured is obliged to communicate any further particulars known … him … circumstances … essential importance … judging the extent of the risk.

6. Insurance Company has the right to refuse the payment of the insurance indemnity if the assured: advised wrong information … the circumstances of essential importance … judging the extent of the risk; didn't apply measures … salvage of the cargo and prevention its further damage; didn't provide Insurance Company … documents sustaining the insurance accident; concealed the person guilty … infliction of damages;

7. The assured can declare … Insurance Company the refusal of his rights … the insured cargo (abandonment) and to be indemnified … full insurance sum, if: missing (complete lost) of the transportation vehicle; economical inexpedience … removal of damages or delivery of the insured cargo … place of destination; grip of cargo (insured … this risk) which lasts more then 2 months.

 

Exercise 3. Translate into English

1) По договору морского страхования страховщик обязуется за обусловленную плату (страховую премию) при наступлении предусмотренных договором морского страхования опасностей или случайностей, которым подвергается объект страхования (страхового случая), возместить страхователю или иному лицу, в пользу которого заключен такой договор (выгодоприобретателю), понесенные убытки.

2) Правила, установленные настоящей главой, применяются, если соглашением сторон не установлено иное. В случаях, прямо указанных в настоящей главе, соглашение сторон, не соответствующее правилам, установленным настоящей главой, ничтожно.

3) Договор морского страхования может быть заключен страхователем в свою пользу или в пользу выгодоприобретателя независимо от того, указано имя или наименование выгодоприобретателя в договоре морского страхования.

4) В случае отчуждения застрахованного груза договор морского страхования сохраняет силу, при этом на приобретателя такого груза переходят все права и обязанности страхователя.

5) В случае отчуждения застрахованного судна договор морского страхования прекращается с момента отчуждения судна. В случае отчуждения застрахованного судна во время рейса по требованию страхователя договор морского страхования остается в силе до окончания рейса и на приобретателя такого судна переходят все права и обязанности страхователя.

 

Vocabulary:

 

seafaring	- мореплавание
General Average	- полная гибель (предмета страхования); полная авария
salvage	- спасение (судна и/или груза)
inexpedience	- нецелесообразность

 

 

Unit 9

METHODS OF PAYMENT

Lesson 1

 

Accounts may be paid by means ofinternational money order (for small private transactions), banker's transfer (direct transfer from buyer's to seller's bank), bill of exchange and letter of credit

The banker's transfer is a simple transference of money from the bank account of a buyer in his own country to the bank account of the seller in the seller's country. The transfer is carried out at current exchange rates. Such transfers are subject to any exchange control regulations of the countries concerned. This transaction is simple and can be speeded up by cabled instructions if desired.

The bill of exchange (B/E) is an order in writing from a creditor to a debtor to pay on demand or on a named date a certain sum of money to a person named on the bill, or to his order.The bill is drawn by the creditor on the debtor, and is sent to the debtor for the latter to pay or accept (i.e. to acknowledge the debt). The debtor accepts by signing his name on the face of the bill, together with the date.The bill now becomes legally binding, and the acceptor must meet it on or before the due date.

The creditor (drawer) can order the debtor(drawee) to pay the money to any bank named by him on the bill. The drawee, in accepting the bill, can add the name of the bank which he wishes to pay the bill. In this case, the bill stays with the drawer's bank till due for payment, when it will be presented to the paying bank for settlement. Such a bill is said to be domiciled with the holding bank. The B/E is negotiable, which means that it can be used by the holder to pay debts of his own (i.e. he can negotiate it). To do this, the holder must endorse it, i.e. sign his name on the back of the bill before passing it on to the new holder. The holder may as well sell the bill to the bank, who will pay the face value, less interest, i.e. discount a bill; or leave the bill with a bank as security for a loan.

Failure to meet a bill on the due date would result in total discredit for the drawee, and the legal action can follow. An unpaid bill is said to be dishonoured, and the drawer can protest it, which clears the way for him to prosecute (take legal action against) the drawee.

The letter of credit (L/C) most generally used method of payment, ideal for individual transactions or for a series, makes trade with unknown buyers easy, gives protection to both buyer and seller and overcomes the credit gap (i.e. the time-payment loss between order and delivery).The L/C starts with the buyer. He instructs his bank to issue the L/C for the amount of the purchase and in favour of the seller. The buyer's bank sends these instructions to it's agent in the seller's country. On receiving these instructions, the agent bank writes to advise the seller of the credit. It's normal to confirm the credit. This means that the agent bank undertakes to pay the seller money due to him, provided the conditions set out in the L/C have been complied with. The seller can now execute the buyer's order, knowing that when he has done so, the money will be paid at once by the agent bank. The buyer is equally secure, because the agent bank will pay on his behalf only if conditions of the transaction are fully carried out by the seller. For this reason, great accuracy are needed in giving the original instructions.

 

Vocabulary:

 

transfer	- перевод (денежных сумм)
letter of credit	- аккредитив, кредитное письмо
bill of exchange	- тратта, переводной вексель
to draw on smb	- выписывать, выставлять (чек, вексель)
to negotiate a bill	- переуступить/продать/учесть/ вексель, пустить вексель в обращение
domicile	- домицилий, место платежа по векселю (обычно банк-акцептант)
to discount a bill	- учитывать вексель, тратту
to dishonour	- отказывать в акцепте (векселя); отказывать в платеже (по векселю)
endorsement	- передаточная надпись (на чеке, векселе и т.д.), индоссамент, жиро, подпись на обороте, подтверждение
confirmed letter of credit	- подтвержденный аккредитив

 

 

Exercises:

 

Exercise 1. Find equivalents in English:

Безотзывный аккредитив, дисконтная ставка, по требованию, банк-акцептант, обеспечение кредита, выписывать вексель на кого-либо, домицилирование векселя, обращаемый, номинальная стоимость, векселедержатель, вексельный оборот, ремитент, предъявлять вексель к акцепту, опротестовать вексель, индоссамент, обязанное по векселю лицо, индоссант, простой вексель, векселедатель, плательщик, срок по векселю, возлагать обязательства, полный индоссамент.

 

Exercise 2. Translate into Russian:

1) A bill payable on demand is deemed to be overdue when it appears on the face of it to have been in circulation for an unreasonable length of time, the question of unreasonableness being one of the fact.

2) If the drawee refuses to accept the holder has an immediate right of recourse against prior parties without being compelled to wait for the date of maturity.

3) Once the due date has passed, the bill is said to be overdue, and failure to present on that day discharges the drawer and endorsers, unless the holder can bring himself within the exemptive provision.

4) Delay in presenting a bill for payment does not discharge the drawer, unless he suffers actual losses through the delay.

5) A note payable on demand is intended as a continuing security and is negotiated as such.

6) The paying banker is liable in conversion to the true owner, the damages recoverable being the face value of the bill.

7) A banker is not to be treated as having been negligent by reason only of his failure to concern himself with absence of, or irregularity in, endorsement of an instrument.

 

Exercise 3. Translate into Russian:

Dear Sirs,

 

We have been doing business with you for nearly a year and are pleased to say that we are more satisfied with the goods you have supplied.

 

In the coming year we will probably place regular orders with you and our present method of payment by letter of credit will become inconvenient. We would also find a short credit of advantage to our trading capacity.

 

We would therefore like you to supply us on monthly account terms, payment against statement within 30 days. You may refer to Messrs… and Messrs…, with whom we have credit accounts.

 

Exercise 4. Translate into Russian:

 

Dear Sirs,

 

With reference to your invoice no.21078 of 23 of July, we have to point out that you have made an error in your total. We calculate the correct figure at $237, not $247 as given by you.

 

Our cheque for the former amount is enclosed and we should be obliged if you would amend the invoice or pass the necessary credit.

 

Yours fathfully

 

Lesson 2