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Cleopatra’s Eye Make-Up Had Health Benefits

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The heavy eye make-up used by ancient Egyptians may have been good for the eyes. This is according to a study by French scientists published in the journal ‘Analytical Chemistry’. The researchers found that the lead in the cosmetics helped fight off bacteria that cause eye infections. It did this by stimulating the cells in the immune system. The scientists from the Louvre Museum analyzed the lead salts found in the make-up. Lead is usually a risk to health but the low levels in the make-up had health benefits. Lead researcher Philippe Walter said: ‘We knew ancient Greeks and Romans noted the make-up had medicinal properties, but we wanted to determine exactly how.’

The make-up used by the ancient Egyptians helped darken the eyes and make them look sexier. It sometimes took many weeks to make the special mixture. The most famous ‘model’ for the cosmetics was the Queen of Egypt Cleopatra. She used eye make-up to try to win the heart of the emperor Mark Anthony. The story of their love was made famous by the Shakespeare play ‘Anthony and Cleopatra’. Fashion has changed little in the past 2,000 years. Women and men spend a fortune every year on making their eyes look more attractive. There is a multi-billion-dollar industry based on mascara, eyeliner, eye moisturizer and false eyelashes.

 

3. Read the article about eating disorders and tell whether you agree / disagree with the following statements:

Ø Cases of eating disorders are mostly common among women.

Ø Anorexia nervosa is the result of ladies’ wish to meet society’s standards in beauty.

Ø Depression leads to eating disorders.

Ø A person with anorexia develops joint and muscles problems.

Ø Eating disorders cause fractures and bones problems.

Ø Anorexics have poor opinion about themselves.

 

Eating disorders are complex psychological disorders when a person experiences severe disturbances in eating behavior, usually in extremes. The person may either eat large amounts of food or go into a fasting mode to starve. These people are overly distressed or concerned about their body weight or shape. Such behavior often leads to emotional and physical laxative addiction, as the digestive system can lose its ability to function normally.

The two main types of eating disorder are bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa. There is also a third category called the ‘eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS),’ which includes other variations of eating disorders like ‘binge-eating’ disorder.

Drunkorexia, Manorexia, Diabulimia are new terms (not official or standard medical terms) that have emerged recently and simply refer to subcategories of the well-known eating disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

Drunkorexia is a term used to describe the condition of binge drinking combined with the typical self-imposed starvation seen with anorexia nervosa. The person affected with this disorder is typically a college-aged woman who starves herself whole day so that she can get drunk at night.

Manorexia, as the name suggests, refers to a man suffering from Anorexia Nervosa.

Diabulimia is also a type of eating disorder that affects people who take insulin to treat their diabetes.

Teenagers are regularly subjected to images of famous actors, singers and dancers in the print and broadcast media who are frequently thin and idolized. In their attempt to emulate their heroes teenagers think that they have to be thinner than they are, this can make them resort to an eating disorder.

 

BLOCK IV

Topics for discussion and essays.

1. Do you have a first aid kit at home? What’s in it?

2. What new medicines would you like to see invented?

3. Have you ever suffered from the side-effects of a medicine?

4. Do you think pets are good for a person’s health? Is it unhealthy to keep a cat in your home?

5. Do you think you will live until a ripe old age? Why or why not? What do you think about getting old? What is the average age of people in your country?

6. Would you consider donating your organs after your death?

7. Have you ever donated blood? What’s the norm of donated blood per a person? Is it a kind of a business for some of donors? What’s your blood type?

8. Have you ever been to an acupuncturist? What do you think of acupuncture?

9. Is euthanasia common (practiced) in your country? Do you approve of it?

10. What do you think about abortion? Why do some people support it and others are against it?

11. What do you think of cosmetic surgery? Do you know anyone who has had cosmetic surgery? Would you ever consider having cosmetic surgery?

12. What do you think about the idea of having a family doctor? Do you have it in your country?

13. What do you think of the health service in this country? Is there health insurance in your country? How can the health service be improved?


LESSON 13

Leisure Time

Life’s a hobby.

Beware the hobby that eats.

I have only one real hobby – my husband.

When a habit begins to cost money, it’s called a hobby.

It was just a hobby. I didn't expect it to turn into a business.

He enjoys true leisure who has time to improve his soul’s estate.

Leisure only means a chance to do other jobs that demand attention.

The real problem of leisure time is how to keep others from using yours.

The best way to make money is to make money your hobby and

not your god.

INTRODUCTORY TEXT

Notes to the text:

in all probability – із більшою ймовірністю

in order to gain a living – щоб заробити на прожиття

to be forced by economic necessity – бути змушеним через економічну необхідність

no effort is required – не потрібно докладати зусиль

if the latter – в останньому випадку

full of eagerness – сповнений бажанням, прагненням

carpentry – теслярство

to look back on – згадувати

to send out with fresh spirits – сповнювати новими силами

to contemplate nature – споглядати на природу

The Use of Leisure

By the way in which a man uses his leisure time his character can be told – more surely in all probability than by the way he does his work. For most men work is necessity in order to gain a living. Vast numbers of men have not even been able to choose what work they would do, but have been forced by economic necessity to take the first job that came their way. But in their leisure time they do what they really want to do and their real selves are reflected in their actions.

Some people are completely passive during leisure hours. If such people go out they go to some place of entertainment where no effort is required by them, a cinema or a dancing hall, and if the latter, they do not dance but simply sit and watch others dancing.

A different type of person hurries home from work full of eagerness to begin on some scheme which he has been planning for his leisure time. Perhaps his hobby is carpentry or modern engineering, or gardening, or he might wish to write, or to study some subject in which he is interested. This is the creative type of character. For him, his leisure hours are full of promise and he can look back on them with satisfaction when he reviews what he has achieved in them.

Leisure should be refreshment; it should send a man out with fresh spirits to battle with the problems of life. Sometimes this freshness comes not from doing anything, but by filling one’s mind with fresh springs of beauty. Many a man gets full value from his leisure by contemplating nature, listening to music, or reading noble books. By this sort of occupation he may not have made anything that he can show, but he has none the less recreated his own source of inspiration and made his own mind a richer and fuller treasure house. This is the true use of leisure.

  1. Comprehension questions.

1. Why can a man’s character be told by the way he uses his leisure?

2. What types of men are there judging from the way they spend their leisure?

3. What do passive people do during leisure hours?

4. How does a creative type of character spend his leisure time?

5. Why should leisure be refreshment?

 

  1. Find in the text equivalents to the following words and phrases.

Дозвілля, величезна кількість, свіжі джерела краси, садівництво, сповнений прагненням, місце розваги, власне джерело натхнення, скарбниця, своє Я, рід занять, творча особистість.

TOPICAL VOCABULARY

1. General 1. Загальна лексика
hobby / pastime (recreation) / leisure / spare time / entertainment / occupation хобі / розвага / дозвілля / вільний час / забава / заняття
to entertain(ed) / to enjoy(ed) / to have a good time розважати(ся) / насолоджуватися / гарно проводити час
to be fond of (to be keen on) захоплюватися
to be interested in / to prefer(ed) цікавитися / надавати перевагу
to make a point of звертати особливу увагу (на)
to make an effort докладати зусиль
educative / energetic / relaxing / competitive / risk-taking activity виховна / енергійна / розслаблююча / суперницька, ризикована діяльність
indoor / outdoor activity діяльність у приміщенні / просто неба
active / passive recreation активні / пасивні заняття
to create(d) / creative / creator / creativity творити / творчий / творець (автор) / творчість (креативність)
to take care of піклуватися (про)
to let steam out / to relax(ed) “випускати пару” / розслаблятися
to have / to take a good rest гарно відпочити
2. Hobby Groups 2. Групи хобі
making things: творча діяльність:
cooking / baking кулінарія / випічка
house decorating / designing дизайн приміщення
drawing / painting (body painting) малювання / живопис / боді-арт (“натільне мистецтво”, “мистецтво тіла”)
gardening / floral arrangement садівництво / флористика
handicraft / handmade things ремесло / ручна робота
embroidery / crocheting / sewing / knitting вишивання / вишивання тамбуром / шиття / в’язання, плетення
woodcarving / origami / sand sculpting різьблення по дереву / орігамі (вироби з паперу) / скульптура з піску
jewellery making / candle making ювелірне мистецтво / виготовлення свічок
making music написання (створення) музики
doing things: активні та пасивні заняття:
to watch(ed) TV / cartoons переглядати телепрограми / мультфільми
in front of television перед екраном телевізора
to go to the cinema / theatre/ gallery / museum ходити в кіно / театр / галерею / музей
to go for a drive / for an excursion / hiking / camping / touring / traveling прокататися на машині / вирушити на екскурсію / у пішу подорож / подорожувати
to indulge(d) oneself in bicycling захоплюватися їздою на велосипеді
to explore(d) exotic places / countries / caves / volcanoes досліджувати екзотичні місця / країни / печери / вулкани
to go out / to communicate with friends / to eat out бувати в товаристві, проводити час не дома / спілкуватися з друзями / їсти в закладах громадського харчування
to visit(ed) clubs / concerts / cafes / discos / festivals відвідувати клуби / концерти / кафе / дискотеки / фестивалі
social event / party / picnic соціальна подія / вечірка / пікнік
to do (go) shopping / window-shopping ходити по покупки / розглядати вітрини
to swim(med) / to sunbathe(d) / to stroll(ed) on the beach купатися / засмагати / прогулюватися по пляжу
to organize(d) / to participate (d) (to take part) in leisure pursuit організовувати / брати участь у розважальному занятті
dancing (ballroom, Latina, flamenco, salsa, belly, tango, hip-hop, break-dancing) танці (бальні, латиноамериканські, фламенко, сальса, танго, хіп-хоп, брейк)
online hobbies: blogging, forums, groups, chatting, online dating, online games, photo rating, social networking хобі он-лайн: блоги, форуми, групи, чати, побачення он-лайн, ігри он-лайн, оцінювання фото, соціальні мережі
reading / singing / writing / solving puzzles (riddles, crosswords) / photography (taking pictures) читання, вокальне мистецтво, письмо, відгадування головоломок, загадок, кросвордів / фотографія
playing musical instruments (piano, violin, guitar) гра на музичних інструментах (піаніно, скрипка, гітара)
looking after a pet (cat, dog, hamster, parrot, fish) / dog training догляд домашніх улюбленців (кіт, собака, хом’як, папуга, рибки) / дресирування собак
horse riding / horse racing їзда на конях / кінські перегони
hunting / fishing / picking up mushrooms мисливство / рибальство / збір грибів
astrology / genealogy / palmistry астрологія / генеалогія / хіромантія
kite surfing / ballooning запускання повітряного змія / аеронавтика (польоти на повітряній кулі)
treasure hunting / quest пошуки скарбів / квест (гра-пошук)
collecting things: колекціонування:
to collect(ed) / collector / collection колекціонувати (збирати) / колекціонер / колекція
coin / badge / postcard / stamp / doll / car / autograph collecting колекціонування монет / значків / листівок / марок / ляльок / машин / автографів
art collecting: African art, Asian art, Latin American art, folk art, contemporary art, photography art, western art колекціонування живопису: африканського, азіатського, латиноамериканського, народного, сучасного, художньої фотографії, західного мистецтва
works of art / antique витвори мистецтва / витвір античного мистецтва
world-known / home collection усесвітньо відома / приватна колекція
local art museum / national museum місцевий художній музей / національний музей
international art fair / art expo (exhibition) міжнародний мистецький ярмарок / мистецька виставка
to fall in love with the work of art закохатися у витвір мистецтва
learning things: пізнання нового:
to waste(d) / to kill(ed) time витрачати час (на непотрібні речі)
curiosity / to be curious (about) зацікавленість / цікавитися чимось
to ask(ed) loads of questions / to search(ed) for answers / to investigate(d) / to explore(d) ставити багато запитань / шукати на відповіді / досліджувати
source of knowledge / wisdom джерело знань / мудрості
to guide(d) thoughts / to share(d) thoughts спрямовувати думки / ділитися думками
to develop(ped) skills / to inspire(d) imagination розвивати навички / надихати уяву
space / ocean exploration дослідження космосу / океану
to learn(ed) foreign languages / the history of art / driving вивчати іноземні мови / історію мистецтва / вчитися керувати машиною (катання, їзда)
3. Sport Activities 3. Спорт
ice skating / figure skating / snow skiing катання на ковзанах / фігурне катання / катання на лижах
to skate / to ski кататися на ковзанах / на лижах
skateboarding / snowboarding / rollerblading скейтбординг / сноубординг / катання на роликах
sailing / yachting вітрильний спорт / ходити на яхті
running / jumping / fencing біг / стрибки / фехтування
powerlifting / to practice muscles пауерліфтинг / накачувати м’язи
fitness activities / aerobics фітнес / аеробіка
to do pole-vault стрибати з жердиною
Indoor games: Iгри в приміщенні:
billiard / snooker / pool більярд / снукер / пул (різновиди більярду)
table tennis / ping-pong / badminton настільний теніс / пінг-понг / бадмінтон
squash / draughts / backgammon / dice / outs and crosses сквош (гра в м’яч) / шашки / нарди / кості / хрестики-нулики
playing cards: deck (pack of cards) / suits / spade / hart / diamond / club / jack / queen / king / ace / trump / poker / bridge гра в карти: колода карт / масті / піки / черви / бубни / трефи / валет / дама / король / туз / козир / покер / бридж
chess: chessboard / chessmen / castle (rook) / knight / bishop / king / queen / pawn шахи: шахова дошка / шахові фігури / тура / кінь / слон / король / ферзь / пішак
Outdoor games: Ігри на відкритому повітрі:
football: match / pitch / referee / goalkeeper / defender / midfielder / attacker / skipper / substitute / coach / booking футбол: матч / поле / суддя / воротар / захисник / напівзахисник / форвард / капітан команди / запасний гравець / тренер / жовта картка
basketball / volleyball / tennis / polo баскетбол / волейбол / теніс / поло
ice hockey / Russian hockey (field hockey) / hockey stick хокей із шайбою / хокей із м’ячем (хокей на траві) / ключка
martial arts: бойові мистецтва:
aikido / boxing / judo / karate / kickboxing / kung fu / sumo / sambo / taekwondo / Greco-Roman wrestling / jiujitsu айкідо / бокс / дзюдо / карате / кікбоксинг / кунг-фу / сумо / самбо / таеквондо / греко-римська боротьба / джиуджитсу
еxtreme sports: екстремальні види спорту:
mountaineering / rock climbing альпінізм / скелелазaння
bungee jumping стрибки з висоти за допомогою еластичного тросу
river rafting сплав по річці на човні
scuba diving скуба-дайвінг (із аквалангом)
skydiving / parachuting / paragliding парашутний спорт (стрибки з парашутом) / парапланеризм
surfing / windsurfing серфінг / віндсерфінг

VOCABUALARY PRACTICE

BLOCK I

  1. Where do these activities belong? Distribute them into the categories in the box.

Surfing, go shopping, scuba diving, playing video games, skiing, sunbathing, surfing the internet, building sand castles, hiking, swimming, horse riding, having a picnic, bungee jumping,

rollerblading, cycling, snowboarding, bird watching, watching TV, eating out, playing chess

Indoor Outdoor summer Outdoor winter All season outdoor
       
  1. Among the names of some extreme sports find the pair for every word. Give your answers below.

e.g. Scuba + diving = Scuba diving / wind + surfing = wind surfing

1. rock 2. para 3. skiing 4. chuting 5. jumping
6. boarding 7. sky 8. diving 9. surf 10. wind

 

1) Scuba _______ 6) ________ boarding

2) ________ gliding 7) ________ diving

3) Water __________ 8) Snow _________

4) _______ climbing 9) _________ surfing

5) Bungee _________ 10) Para __________

  1. What do you call a person who…?
  1. does the long jump? a long-jumper 5. does gymnastics?
  2. rides horses in races? 6. plays hockey?
  3. drives cars in races? 7. plays football?
  4. throws the discus / javelin? 8. does the pole-vault?


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