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Exercise 23. Use exercise 22 to tell about healthy way of life.
Содержание книги
- Exercise 7. Form the names of specialists from the names of professional fields
- Higher Medical Education in Ukraine
- Odesa National Medical University
- Exercise 4. Read and translate the text.
- Exercise 9. Is it true or false?
- Exercise 15. Agree or disagree with the statements given below. The following phrases may be helpful.
- Model: day – daily ( день – щодня)
- Exercise 18. Arrange the sentences in the correct order to explain the term “tissue”.
- Exercise 20. Speak briefly about the body systems and their functions.
- Exercise 1. Topic vocabulary.
- Blood. Blood Groups and Blood Transfusions
- Anatomy of Respiratory System
- Physiology of Respiratory System
- Exercise 13. Read the following information, get ready to define terms “neuron”, “nervous system”.
- Sensory, sympathetic, autonomic, receptor, reflex, neurons, cranial, central, grey matter, ganglion.
- Exercise 6. Find corresponding equivalents
- Physiology of the alimentary tract
- Exercise 19. Arrange the following sentences in a correct order to describe the following term
- Development of embryo and fetus
- Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov and his Discovery of Phagocytosis
- Exercise 18. Describe the notion “polyclinic” using the following table.
- Exercise 11. Put questions to the subjects. Then put special questions to the underlined words.
- In 1812 Polish biochemist Casimir Funk (to isolate) a complex of micronutrients and named them “vitamines”.
- Exercise 23. Use exercise 22 to tell about healthy way of life.
Завдання для самостійної роботи студентів (СРС)
I.Перекладіть словосполучення:
тривалість життя
сприйнятливість
отримувати
погіршення стану
передчасна смерть
втома
впливали
вражати здоров’я
справлятися зі стресом
звичка
II. Дайте відповіді на питання:
What are basic materials for the body growth?
What can lead to serious diseases of human organism?
What can help us look and feel better?
What factors affect our health?
Why is it necessary to handle stress reasonably?
III. Розкрийте поняття:
Здоровий спосіб життя
|
Exercise 1. Topic vocabulary:
beneficial, adj
| [beni'fi∫(ə)l]
| вигідний, корисний
| break down, v
| [breik daun]
| розбиватися
| carbohydrate, n
| [ka:bə'haidreit]
| вуглевод
| combustion, n
| [kəm'bΛst∫(ə)n]
| окислення, горіння
| complicate, v
| [ 'kɔmplikeit]
| ускладнювати
| composition, n
| [kəmpɔ'zi∫(ə)n]
| склад
| digest, v
| [dai'dƷest]
| перетравлювати (їжу)
| enable, v
| [i'neibl]
| давати змогу
| fat, n
| [fæt]
| жир
| fuel, n
| [fj:uəl]
| паливо
| foodstuff, n
| ['fu:dstΛf]
| продукти харчування
| maintain, v
| [mein'tein]
| підтримувати,зберігати
| matter, n
| [´mætə]
| речовина
| repair, v
| [ri'pεə]
| відновлювати
| wear out, v
| [´wεə ´aut]
| зношуватися
| Exercise 2. Guess the meaning of the following words without using a dictionary:
Building, material, activity, produce, energy, constantly, mineral, salt, regulator, nature, absorb, diet, fruit, vegetable, protein, vitamin, organic, inorganic.
Exercise 3. a) Read and translate the following word combinations:
Activity: increasedactivity, mental activity, electrical activity, illegal activity, to stimulate activity
Repair: to repair easily, to try to repair, emergency repair, structural repair, vital repair, to make repair
Substance: harmful substance, poisonous substance, natural substance, pure substance, soluble substance, medicinal substance, to contain substance
Matter: complicated matter, living matter, sensitive matter, personal matter, important matter, legal matter, urgent matter
b) Make up short sentences using the above given word combinations:
Exercise 4. Read and translate the following word combinations:
Essential needs of the body, repair and growth of the tissues, extra building material, fuel supplies, essential foodstuffs, tissue activity, to produce the energy, living thing, digestive juices, blood stream, complicated compounds, plant and animal matter, to enter into the composition, saturated fat, to maintain diet.
Exercise 5. Translate into Ukrainian paying attention to Infinitives:
1. To be of use to the body foodstuffs must be digested and absorbed.
2. Other substances are necessary to enable the tissues to use the building materials.
3. Fuel is required to maintain the heat at which the individual exists.
4. Extra building material is required to build up the new tissue.
5. N.I.Pirogov was the first to use ether as anesthesia during operations.
6. To identify the virus serologic tests were made.
Exercise 6. Read and translate the text:
Food
Foodis one of the essential needs of the body. All food is made up of nutrients which our bodies use. Substances which can serve as food for the body are those which it can use either as fuel for combustion, building material for the repair and growth of the tissues, and regulators of body activity. Fuel is required to produce the energy for the activities of every living thing and to maintain the heat at which the individual exists. Building materials are necessary to repair the body tissues, since they are constantly active and being worn out by their activities; in addition, in infants and children, extra building material is required to build up the new tissues needed for the processes of growth. Fuel supplies and building materials alone are, however, not enough. The vitamins and certain salts act as regulators of tissue activity.
There are six essential foodstuffs with which the body must be constantly supplied through the foods that we eat. These are:
1. Proteins.
2. Carbohydrates— i.e., starch and sugar.
3. Fats.
4. Water.
5. Mineral salts.
6. Vitamins.
Table of Foodstuffs, showing their Uses.
Body Builders
| Fuel Foods
| Regulators
| Proteins
| Carbohydrates
| Vitamins
| Water
| Fats
| Salts
| Salts
| Proteins
|
| To be of use to the body these foodstuffs must be digested and absorbed. Food must therefore be of such a nature that it can be digested— i.e., broken down by digestive juices into substances that can pass into the blood stream, and be carried to the various tissues for their use. Proteins, carbohydrates and fats are complicated compounds found in plant and animal matter, and require digestion. Water and mineral salts are simple inorganic substances; they can be absorbed, therefore, without digestion, they enter into the composition of all animal and plant matter. In fact, all living matter consists largely of water. The inorganic salts, absorbed from the soil or water, are built up by living things into organic salts.
Healthy food is food considered to be beneficial to health.
The goal of healthy eating is to develop a diet that you can maintain for life, not just a few weeks or months.
Finally, there are three main messages to follow for healthy eating: First, we should eat less fat, particularly saturated fat. Secondly, we are to cut down on sugar and salt. Thirdly, we must eat more fresh fruit and vegetables.
Exercise 7. Answer the questions:
1. What is our food made up of?
2. What are the main functions of the food substances?
3. How many essential foodstuffs are there that are supplied through the foods?
4. What substances are used as body builders?
5. What substances are used as fuel foods?
6. What substances are used as regulators of body activity?
7. What are three main rules for healthy eating?
Exercise 8.
а) Form nouns using the suffix –TH, translate the new words:
Model: Deep(глибокий) →depth (глибина)
long, true, wide, strong, grow, warm
b) Form nouns with the meaning instrument of action using suffixes -ег(-ог). Translate them:
Model: regulate (регулювати) → regulator (регулятор)
Sterilize, elevate, inhale, dilate, irrigate, transform, stimulate, time
Exercise 9. Exclude the unnecessary word from the logical sequence:
1. a) protein 2. a) heat 3. a) blood 4. a) water
b) fat b) warmth b) lymph b) hydrogen
c) carbohydrate c) coolness c) oil c) oxygen
d) hemoglobin d) refrigeration d) gastric juice d) carbon dioxide
Exercise 10. Give English equivalents of the following word combinations:
Здорове харчування, складні сполуки, нова тканина, насичені жири, процес росту, постачання палива, діяльність усіх живих істот, поживні речовини, проста, неорганічна речовина, відновлення тканини, будівельний матеріал, необхідні продукти харчування.
Exercise 11.Read and translate the information given below. You can use a dictionary. Be ready to use it in the story of your own:
Сarbohydrate is any one of a large group of compounds, including the sugars and starch that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates are important as a source of energy: they are manufactured by plants and obtained by animals and man from the diet, being one of the three main constituents of food. All carbohydrates are eventually broken down in the body to the simple sugar glucose, which can then take part in energy-producing metabolic processes. Excess carbohydrate, not immediately required by the body, is stored in the liver and muscles in the form of glycogen. In plants carbohydrates are important structural materials (e.g. cellulose) and storage products (commonly in the form of starch).
Fat isa substance that contains one or more fatty acids (in the form of triglycerides) and is the principal form in which energy is stored by the body (in adipose tissue). It also serves as an insulating material beneath the skin (in the subcutaneous tissue) and around certain organs (including the kidneys). Fat is one of the three main constituents of food; it is necessary in the diet to provide an adequate supply of essential fatty acids and for the efficient absorption of fat-soluble vitamins from the intestine. Excessive deposition of fat in the body leads to 'obesity.
Protein isone of a group of organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (sulphur and phosphorus may also be present). The protein molecule is a complex structure made up of one or more chains of amino acids, which are linked by peptide bonds. Proteins are essential constituents of the body; they form the structural material of muscles, tissues, organs, etc., and are equally important as regulators of function, as enzymes and hormones. Proteins are synthesized in the body from their constituent amino acids, which are obtained from the digestion of protein in the diet. Excess protein, not required by the body, can be converted into glucose and used as an energy source.
Exercise 12. Match the terms with their explanation:
1. starch
2. tissue
3. vitamin
4. absorption
5. digestion
6. glucose
| a) a collection of cells specialized to perform a particular function;
b) the uptake of fluids or other substances by the tissues of the body;
c) the process in which ingested food is broken down in the alimentary canal;
d) a simple sugar containing six carbon atoms, it is an important source of energy;
e) any of a group of substances that are required in very small amounts for healthy growth and development;
f) a white odorless tasteless granular or powdery complex carbohydrate.
|
Exercise 13. Put each of the following words into its correct position in the passage below:
Animals bowl chopsticks daily
Die energy European grow
Healthy knives left man
Mouth people plants plates
Play spoons
Food
Food is one of our most important... needs. It gives us... to work and.... It makes us grow, and keeps our bodies strong and.... Without food, we.... All living things – plants,... and man - need food to live and.... But only... make their own food. They also provide food for animals and....
Customs influence the ways... eat. Most Americans and... eat from individual... using..., fork, and.... Arabs use only their... hands to spoon foods from a central.... Chinese and Japanese use... to pick up food from a small bowl held close to the....
Exercise 14. Match the words with their antonyms in the text:
Word
| Antonym
| passive
|
| to waste
|
| old
|
| cold
|
| unsaturated
|
| at first
|
| rarely
|
| Exercise 15. Make the following sentences negative:
1. Cold storage foods lose little of their nutritive qualities.
2. Fat also serves as an insulating material around certain organs (including the kidneys).
3. Canned food may be stored for long periods at the room temperature.
4. Food poisoning is most common during the summer months.
5. Milk lacks iron and other minerals essential to the diet.
6. Food preservation has now become an exact science.
Exercise 16. Translate the sentences having different forms of Participles:
1. Excess carbohydrate, not immediately required by the body, is stored in the liver and muscles in the form of glycogen
2. The circulating volume of the blood depends on the changes in the air temperature.
3. Excess protein, not required by the body, can be converted into glucose and used as an energy source.
4. The inorganic salts, absorbed from the soil or water, are built up by living things into organic salts.
5. The protein molecule is a complex structure made up of one or more chains of amino acids.
6. While eating food is broken down by digestive juices into substances.
7. Proteins, carbohydrates and fats are complicated compounds found in plant and animal matter.
Exercise 17. Change the sentences using the Passive voice:
Model: Amino acids synthesizedproteins in the body.→ Proteins are synthesized in the body by amino acids.
1. A high concentration of salt or sugar will check the growth of many bacteria.
2. Milk may transmit infection from animals to man.
3. Special enzymes convert proteins into simple amino acids so that the body can use them.
4. Many amino acids linked together make proteins.
5. A lot of people use herbs as food.
6. Plants form the base of the natural food chain.
Exercise 18. Open the brackets using correct form of the verb. Translate the sentences:
1. The diet (to be) the daily ration of foods required by the individual.
2. A well-balanced diet (should, to contain) the foodstuffs roughly in the following proportions: 1 part protein, 1 part fat to 4 parts of carbohydrates.
3. The amount of carbohydrate required (to depend) on the energy output.
4. A man doing heavy work (to require) more carbohydrates than a sedentary worker.
5. It (to be) also essential that the food (should, to contain) cellulose. It is indigestable and therefore (to remain) in the bowels and (to stimulate) it to empty.
6. The value of foods (to calculate) by the amount of heat which they (to give) on combustion.
7. The heat (to measure) in calories.
8. The caloric value of a normal diet (should, to be) 3,000 to 3,300 calories per day.
9. The caloric value required by the individual (to affect) by age, exercise, sex, weight and build, climate and weather, temperament.
Exercise 19. Put questions to the underlined words:
1. There are six essential foodstuffs.
2. Fuel is required to produce the energy for the body activity.
3. The vitamins and certain salts act as regulators of tissue activity.
4. The infants and children require extra building material for the process of growth.
5. We should eat less fat.
Exercise 20. Fill in prepositions where necessary:
1. Glucose occurs... many fruits and is present... the blood... animals.
2. Hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen are... the most common.
3. Some vegetable foods are very rich... proteins.
4. The condensation... amino acids leads... building... proteins.
5. Proteins are separated... groups based chiefly... physical properties.
6. The granules of starch can be recognized... a microscope, … the iodine test.
7. Fructose is produced directly... photosynthesis.
Exercise 21. Speak about fats, proteins and carbohydrates using the phrases:
It is essential…
It includes…
It provides…
It is complicated compounds…
Завдання для самостійної роботи студентів (СРС)
I. Перекладіть словосполучення:
необхідні продукти харчування
відновити тканини тіла
складні сполуки
перетравлення (їжі)
травний сік
вуглевод
поживна речовина
насичені жири
здорове харчування
будівельний матеріал
II. Дайте відповіді на питання:
What are the main functions of the food substances?
What substances are used as body builders?
What substances are used as fuel foods?
What substances are used as regulators of body activity?
What are three main rules for healthy eating?
III. Розкрийте поняття:
Вуглеводи
Жири
Білки
|
English-Ukrainian Glossary
ability, n
| [ə'biliti]
| здатність
| abuse n.
| [´əbjuz]
| зловживання
| academician, n
| [ə,kæ də`miʃn]
| академік
| accessory
| [ək'sesəri]
| допоміжний; додатковий
| accomplish, v
| [əˈkɒmplɪʃ]
| завершувати
| accumulate, v
| [ə’kju:mjuleit]
| накопичувати
| accurate, adj
| ['ækjərɪt]
| точний, правильний
| accurately adv.
| [ˈækjərətli]
| точно, правильно
| acquire, v
| [ə 'kwaiə]
| набувати, здобувати
| acromegaly, n
| [ækrə´megəli]
| акромегалія (збільшення у розмірі голови, рук та ліця)
| activity, n
| [æk'tiviti]
| діяльність, aктивність
| acute adj.
| [əˈkjuːt]
| гострий
| adhesive plaster
| [əd'hi:siv 'pla:stə]
| лейкопластир
| admission n.
| [ədˈmɪʃən]
| приймання
| administer, v
| [əd'ministə]
| назначати; давати (ліки)
| adolescence.n
| [ædəu´lesns]
| юність, підлітковий вік
| adrenal, adj
| [əd'ri:nl]
| наднирковий
| afferent, adj.
| ['æf(ə)rənt]
| аферентний, доцентровий
| agar, n
| [eigə]
| агар - продукт (смесь полисахаридов агарозы и агаропектина), получаемый из красных и бурых водорослей.
| aging, n
| [ˈeɪdʒɪŋ]
| старіння
| agglutinate, v
| [ə’glu:tineit]
| склеюватися
| alert, v
| [ə'lɜ:t]
| попереджати
| algae (sing.alga), n
| ['ældʒɪ; 'ælgə]
| морські водорості
| alimentary tract, n
| [ælɪˌment(ə)rɪ trækt]
| травний тракт
| allow v.
| [əˈlaʊ]
| дозволяти
| alter, v
| ['ɔːltə]
| змінювати
| alveolus (alveoli), n
| [‘ælviɒləs / ai]
| aльвеола /альвеоли
| ambiguity, n
| [ˏæmbɪ'gjuːɪtɪ]
| двозначність, неясність
| amino acid, n
| [ə'miːnəʊ 'æsɪd]
| амінокислота
| ampoule
| ['æmpu:l]
| ампула
| ancient, adj
| ['eɪnʃənt]
| стародавній
| antibiotics
| [æntibai'ɔtiks]
| антибіотики
| antidote, n
| [ænti'dəut]
| антидот, протиотрута
| antipyretics
| [ˏæntipai'retik]
| жарознижувальні засоби
| aqueous, adj
| ['eɪkwɪəs]
| водний
| arrange, v
| [ə'reɪndʒ]
| домовитися, організувати (напр., зустріч)
| artificial
| [ˏa:tiˈfiʃəl]
| штучний
| associate, adj
| [ə'səu∫ieit]
| об'єднаний, супутний
| attribute, v
| [ˈætrəˌbjut]
| приписувати; відносити (до чогось - to)
| atrium, n
pl atria
| ['eɪtrɪəm]
['eɪtrɪə]
| передсердя
| attach, v
| [ə'tætʃ]
| прикріпляти
| at the disposal
| […dɪ’spəʋzəl]
| у розпорядженні
| at the expense
| [æt ði: ɪk’spens]
| за рахунок коштів
| available, adj.
| [ə 'veiləbl]
| доступний
| avoid, v
| [ə´vɔid]
| уникати
| bachelor's degree n.
| [ˈbætʃələz dɪˈgriː]
| ступінь бакалавра
| bacteriology, n
| [bæktiəri 'ɔləʤɪ]
| бактеріологія
| bacterium, n
pl. bacteria
| [bæk'tɪəriəm]
[bæk'tɪəriə]
| бактерія
| band, n
| [bænd]
| стрічка
| barrier, n
| ['bæriə(r)]
| бар’єр
| beat, n
| ['bi:t]
| биття
| beat (beat, beaten), v
| ['bi:t]
| битися
| be concerned with v.
| [kən´sə:nd]
| займатися
| beneficial, adj
| [beni'fi∫(ə)l]
| вигідний, корисний
| besides, adv
| [bɪ'saɪdz]
| окрім
| biochemistry n.
| [ˈbaɪəuˈkemɪstrɪ]
| біохімія
| biosynthesis, n
| [baiəu 'sɪnθesis]
| біосинтез
| blind, adj
| [blaɪnd]
| сліпий, незрячий
| blood, n
| [blΛd]
| кров
| bloodletting, n
| ['blʌd ˎletɪŋ]
| кровопускання
| bond, v
| [‘bɒnd]
| зчіплювати
| bone marrow, n
| [bəʊn ˈmærəʊ]
| кістковий мозок
| brain
| [breɪn]
| головний мозок
| brain stem, n
| [sti:m]
| стовбур мозку
| breakdown, n
| [‘bre͟ɪkdaʊn]
| розпад
| breastbone, n
| [ˈbrɛstˌbəʊn]
| грудина
| breath, n
| [‘breθ]
| дихання
| breathe, v
| [‘bri:ð]
| дихати
| breathlessness, n
| ['breθlisnis]
| задишка
| bronchiole, n
| [‘brɒŋkiəul]
| бронхіола
| bronchus (bronchi), n
| [‘brɒŋkəs / ˈbrɒŋkʌɪ]
| бронх / бронхі
| buckle, v
| [´bΛkl]
| застібати
| bulk, n
| [bʌlk]
| маса; об'єм; місткість
| bunching, n
| ['bʌntʃɪŋ]
| групування
| buttocks, n
| ['bʌtəks]
| сідниці
| by appointment only
| [baɪ ə’pɔɪntmənt ˈəʊnli]
| тільки за попереднім записом
| caecum, n
| ['si:kəm]
| сліпа кишка
| call in, v
| [ˈkɔ:l ˈin]
| викликати (лікаря)
| capacity, n
| [kə'pesɪtɪ]
| здатність; місткість
| capture, v
| [‘kæptʃə]
| схоплювати
| carbohydrate, n
| [ˌkɑːbəʊˈhaɪdreɪt]
| вуглевод
| carbon dioxide, n
| [`ka:bən dai'ɔksaid]
| вуглекислий газ
| career, n
| [kəˈrɪə]
| кар’єра, професія
| carry out v.
| [ˈkærɪ ˈaʊt]
| проводити
| cartilage, n
| [ˈkɑːtɪlɪdʒ]
| хрящ
| causal relationship
| [ˈkɔːzəl rɪˈleɪʃənʃɪp]
| причинно-наслідковий зв’язок
| cavernous, adj
| ['kævənəs]
| печеристий; порожнинний; кавернозний
| cell, n
| [sel]
| клітина
| centriole, n
| [ˈsentrɪəʊl]
| центріоль
| cervical, adj
| [ˈsɜːvɪkəl]
| шийний
| chain
| [ʧeɪn]
| ланцюг
| chair, n
| ['tʃɛə]
| кафедра
| channel, n
| ['tʃænəl]
| направляти
| chart, n
| [tʃa:t]
| таблиця, графік, карта
| chemicals, n
| [kemikəls]
| хімічні речовини
| chemist's, n
| ['kemists]
| аптека
| choke, v
| [tʃəʋk]
| душити, задихатися
| chyme, n
| ['kaim]
| харчова кашка в кишечнику, химус
| cilium, n
| [‘siliəm]
| жмутик
| circulation, n
| [sə:kjə(u)'leiʃn]
| циркуляція
| circulatory, adj
| ['sə:kjulətəri]
| циркуляційний, кровоносний
| circumstances
| [ˈsɜːkəmstənsɪz]
| обставини
| cleanliness n.
| [ˈklɪnlɪnəs]
| чистота
| clump, v
| [‘klΛmp]
| утворювати тромби
| coat (with), v
| [‘kout]
| вкривати
| coccyx, n
| [ˈkɒksɪks]
| куприк
| coitus, n
| [ˈkɔɪtəs]
| статевий акт
| colon, n
| ['koulən]
| товста кишка
| choleric
| [ˈkɒlərɪk]
| холерик
| combine, v
| [kəmˈbaɪn]
| об'єднувати(ся), сполучати
| combustion, n
| [kəm'bΛst∫(ə)n]
| окислення, горіння
| communicable, adj
| [kə´mjunikəbl]
| інфекційний, що передається
| comparative anatomy
| [kəmˈpærətɪv əˈnætəmɪ]
| порівняльна анатомія
| compatible (with)
| [kəm’pætibl]
| бути сумісним з
| complain (of), v
| [kəm'plein]
| скаржитися на
| complaint (of), n
| [kəm'pleint]
| скарга
| completion n.
| [kəmˈpli:ʃən]
| закінчення
| complicate, v
| [ 'kɔmplikeit]
| ускладнювати
| composition, n
| [kəmpɔ'zi∫(ə)n]
| склад
| compound, n
| [ˈkɒmpaʊnd]
| суміш, сполука
| concentrate on, v
| [ˈkɒns(ə)ntreɪt]
| зосереджувати; концентруватися
| conclude v.
| [kənˈkluːd]
| дійти до висновку, завершити
| consequence, n
| [ˈkɔnsikwəns]
| наслідок, результат
| consciousness
| ['kɔnʃəsnɪs]
| свідомість
| considerable, adj
| [kən´sidərəbl]
| значний
| consideration, n
| [kənside' reiʃn]
| розгляд
| consult, v
| [kən'sʌlt]
| звертатися (до лікаря)
| consume, v
| [kən'sjuːm]
| вживати
| consumption, n
| [kənˈsʌmpʃən]
| споживання
| contaminate, v
| [kən‚tæmə'neɪt]
| забруднювати, заражати
| continuously, adv
| [kənˈtɪnjʊəsli]
| безперервно
| contract, v
| [kən’trækt]
| скорочуватись
| contraindication, n
| [ˏkɔntrəɪndɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n
| протипоказання
| contribute to, v
| [kən'tribju:t]
| сприяти
| convey, v
| [kən'vei]
| перевозити, транспортувати
| соре with v.
| ['kəup wɪð]
| подолати
| core, n
| [kɔ:]
| ядро
| cornea, n
| ['kɔ:niə]
| рогівка, рогова оболока ока
| corpse, n
| [ko:ps]
| труп
| cortex, n
| [´kɔ:teks]
| кора головного мозку
| costal, adj
| [kos′təl]
| реберний
| cough, n
| ['kɔ:f]
| кашель
| counterpart, n
| [ˈkaʊntəˌpɑːt]
| подоба; дублікат
| crack, v
| [‘kr æk]
| зруйнуватися, тріснути
| cranial, adj
| [ˈkreɪnɪəl]
| черепний
| crop, n
| [krɔp]
| сільськогосподарська культура
| cure,v
| [kjuə]
| зцілювати
| curative adj.
| [ˈkjʊərətɪv]
| лікувальний, цілющий
| current, adj
| [´kΛrənt]
| поточний
| curved, adj
| [kə:vd]
| вигнутий
| cytoskeleton, n
| [saitəu 'skelitən]
| цитоскелет
| dangerous, adj
| [ˈdeinʤərəs]
| небезпечний
| dean, n
| [ diːn ]
| декан
| death, n
| [de θ ]
| смерть
| declare, v
| [dɪ'klɛə]
| оголошувати; заявляти
| decomposition, n
| [ˌdiːkɒmpəˈzɪʃən]
| розкладання
| decree, n
| [di 'kri:]
| наказ
| defend, v
| [dɪ'fend]
| захищати
| deficiency, n
| [dɪˈfɪʃənsɪ]
| нестача, дефіцит
| deoxygenated
| [dioksidzi’neitid]
| позбавлений кисню
| department, n
| [di 'pa:tmənt]
| кафедра; відділення
| dependent children
| [dɪˈpɛnd(ə)nt ˈtʃɪldrən]
| діти-утриманці (дети, находящиеся на иждивении)
| depend on, v
| [di´pend]
| залежити від
| description, n
| [dis' kripʃən]
| опис
| detection, n.
| [dɪˈtɛkʃ(ə)n]
| розкриття, виявлення
| determine, v
| [di’tɜ:min]
| визначити
| deterioration, n
| [di´tiəriə´rei∫(ə)n]
| погіршення
| diabetes mellitus, n
| [ˌdaɪə'biːtiːz]
| цукровий діабет
| diagnose, v
| [ˈdaɪəgˌnəʊz]
| діагнозувати
| diaphragm, n
| [‘daiə’fræm]
| діафрагма
| digest, v
| [dai'dƷest]
| перетравлювати (їжу)
| digestive, adj
| [dʌɪˈdʒɛstɪv]
| травний
| disability, n
| [‚dɪsə'bɪlətɪ]
| інвалідність
| discharge, v
| [dis´t∫a:dƷ]
| виділяти
| discipline, n
| ['disəplin]
| дисципліна
| discovery, n
| [dɪs'kʌvərɪ]
| відкриття
| disfavor n.
| [dɪsˈfeɪvə]
| немилість
| dispense, v
| [di'spens]
| розподіляти
| disposable syringe, n
| [disˈpəuzəbl si’rinʤ]
| одноразовий шприц
| dissection, n
| ['dɪ'sekʃən]
| розтин, анатомування
| dissolve, v
| [dɪ’zɒlv]
| розв’язувати, розчиняти
| diverse, adj
| [daiˈvəːs]
| різноманітний
| division, n
| [di’viʒ(ə)n]
| відділ, розподіл
| dizziness, n
| [ˈdizinis]
| запаморочення
| doctorate, n
| ['dɒktərɪt]
| докторський ступінь
| dose, n
| [dous]
| доза
| dosage, n
| ['dousi ʤ ]
| дозування
| drastic, adj
| [ˈdræstik]
| сильнодіючий
| duct, n
| [dΛkt]
| протока
| duodenum, n
| [dju:ou'di:nəm]
| дванадцятипала кишка
| dwarfing, n
| [´dwɔ:fiŋ]
| карликовість
| edema, n
| [iˈdi:mə]
| набряк
| efferent, adj
| ['efərənt ]
| відцентровий, руховий
| efficient, adj
| [i´fi∫(ə)nt]
| ефективний
| efficiently, adv
| [ɪ’fɪʃəntlɪ]
| ефективно
| eliminate v.
| [i´limineit]
| знищувати
| elimination, n
| [ilimi'neiʃ(ə)n]
| усунення, знищення
| embed, v
| [ɪmˈbɛd]
| вставляти
| embryo, n
| [ˈem.briəʊ]
| ембріон
| emerge v.
| [ɪˈməːdʒ]
| виникати, з'являтися
| emetics, n
| [iˈmetiks]
| засоби, які викликають блювоту
| emit, v
| [i’mit]
| виштовхувати, видаляти
| employ, v
| [im'plɔɪ]
| вживати, використовувати
| emulsify, v
| [i'melsifai]
| робити емульсію, емульсувати
| enable, v
| [i'neibl]
| давати змогу
| enclose, v
| [ɪn'kləʊz]
| oточувати; замикати
| enclosed, adj.
| [in'kləʊzd]
| закритий, обгороджений
| encompass, v
| [en'kʌmpəs]
| охоплювати
| endocardium, n
| [‘endəu’ka:dıəm]
| ендокард
| enema, n
| [ˈenimə]
| клізма
| engage, v
| [ɪnˈgeɪdʒ]
| займатися
| engulf, v
| [ɪnˈɡʌlf]
| поглинати
| enlargement, n
| [ɪnˈlɑːdʒmənt]
| збільшення
| ensure, v
| [in'ʃʊə]
| гарантувати, забезпечувати
| ENT-doctor, n
(ear-nose-throat-doctor)
| [ˈi:ˈenˈti: ˈdɔktə]
| ЛОР-лікар
| entirely, adv
| [in'taɪəli]
| повністю
| entry, n
| [ˈɛntrɪ]
| вступ
| environment, n
| [ɪnˈvʌɪrənm(ə)nt]
| середовище, оточення
| enzymes, n
| [’enzaɪm]
| ферменти
| epiglottis, n
| [epɪ'glotɪs]
| надгортанник
| epithelium, n
| [epɪˊθi:lɪəlm]
| епітелій
| equilibrated
| [equilibrated]
| врівноважений
| equilibrium, n
| [i:kvi 'libriəm]
| рівновага
| eradicate,v
| [i'rædikeit]
| викорінювати
| erythrocyte, n
| [ɪˈrɪθrəʊˌsaɪt]
| еритроцит
| estimate, v
| [´estimeit]
| оцінювати
| estrogen, n
| [ˈestrədʒən]
| естроген
| ether, n
| ['iːθə]
| ефір
| evil adj.
| [ˈiːv(ə)l]
| злий
| exact, adj
| [ɪɡ'zekt]
| точний; акуратний
| exchange, v
| [ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ]
| обмінювати(ся)
| excite, v
| [ɪk'saɪt]
| збуджувати
| excitement, n
| [ik´saitmənt]
| збудження, хвилювання
| exertion n
| [ig´zə:∫(ə)n]
| напруження, зусилля
| exception, n
| [ɪkˈsɛpʃən]
| виняток
| excess, n
| [ik'ses]
| надлишок, надмір
| exhalation, n
| [‘ekshə’leiʃ(ə)n]
| видих
| expand, v
| [ik'spænd]
| розширювати
| expel, v
| [iks’pel]
| виділяти
| experience, n
| [ɪkˈspɪərɪəns]
| досвід
| expiry date, n
| [ik'spaiəri 'deit]
| термін дії
| explanation n.
| [ɛkspləˈneɪʃ(ə)n]
| пояснення
| exploit, v
| [‘ɛksplɔɪt]
| використовувати
| expose (to), v
| [ɪkˈspəʊz]
| піддавати (чомусь)
| extension, n
| [iks 'tenʃn]
| розтягання, витягування
| extensor, n
| [iks 'tensə]
| м'яз-розгинач, екстензор
| external, adj
| [əkstˈənl]
| зовнішній
| extract, v
| [ɪk'strækt]
| виділяти
| extremity, n
| [ɪk'stremətɪ]
| полюс (нирки)
| facial, adj
| [ˈfeɪʃəl]
| лицевий
| fatal, adj
| [‘feitl]
| фатальний
| fatigue, n
| [fə´ti:g]
| втома
| fat, n
| [fæt]
| жир
| fatty liver disease
| [ˈfæti ˈlɪvə dɪˈziːz]
| жирова дистрофія печінки
| feces, n
| [fɪ:sɪz]
| кал
| fermented, adj
| [fəˈmentid]
| той, що бродить
| fertilize, v
| [ˈfɜː.tɪlaɪz]
| запліднювати
| fetus, n
| [ˈfiː.təs]
| плід
| fibrous, adj
| ['faibrəs]
| волокнистий; фіброзний
| field surgery
| [fiːld 'sɜːʤ(ə)rɪ]
| польова хірургія
| fill in, v
| [ˈfil ˈin]
| заповнювати, вписувати
| findings
| [ˈfaɪndɪŋz]
| одержані дані
| first-aid kit, n
| [ˈfɜ:st ˈeid ˈkit]
| медична аптечка
| fissure, n
| [ˈfi∫ә]
| тріщина
| flap, n
| [flæp]
| клапан
| flexor, n
| ['fleksə]
| м'яз-згинач, флексор
| fluid, n
| [ˈfluːɪd]
| рідина
| foodstuff, n
| ['fu:dstΛf]
| продукти харчування
| force, v
| [fɔ:rs]
| змусити
| forcibly, adv
| ['fɔ:səblɪ]
| примусово
| forehead, n
| [`forid]
| чело
| forensic, adj
| [fə’renzik]
| судовий
| found, v
| ['faund]
| заснувати
| fracture, n
| [ˈfrækt∫ә]
| перелом
| fuel, n
| [’fju:əl]
| паливо
| fungal, adj
| [‘fʌŋgəl]
| грибковий
| fungi (sing. fungus), n
| ['fʌnʤi]
| гриби
| gain, v
| ['ɡein]
| набрати (вагу)
| ganglion
| ['gæŋgliən]
| нервовий вузол
| gastric
| [ˈɡæstrɪk]
| шлунковий
| General practitioner (GP), n
| [ˈdʒɛnrəl prækˈtɪʃənə]
| лікар широкого профілю
| generation
| [ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn̩]
| покоління
| germ, n
| [‘dʒɜ:m]
| мікроб
| glandular, adj
| [ˈɡlændjulə]
| гландулярний, залозистий
| glare, n
| ['glɛə]
| яскраве світло
| glia, n
| ['gli:ə]
| нейроглія (нервова тканина)
| gonads, n
| [ˈɡəʊ.næd]
| гонади, статеві органи
| haemorrhage, n
| ['hemәriʤ]
| кровотеча
| handle, v
| [hændl]
| справлятися
| harmful, adj
| [’hɑ:rmfəl]
| шкідливий, небезпечний
| headache, n
| ['hedeik]
| головний біль
| headquarters, n.
| [hɛdˈkwɔːtəz]
| штаб-квартира
| heal, v
| [hi:l]
| виліковувати, загоювати, заживати
| heart, n
| [`ha: t]
| серце
| hemoglobin, n
| [ˈhi məˌgloʊ bɪn]
| гемоглобін
| height, n
| [hait]
| ріст
| holistic adj.
| [həʊˈlɪstɪk]
| цілісний, глобальний
| hospitalize, v
| ['hᴐspitəlaiz]
| госпіталізувати
| hypophysis, n
| [hʌɪˈpɒfɪsɪs]
| гіпофіз
| ileum, n
| ['ɪlɪəm]
| клубова кишка
| immunology, n
| [ˌɪmjʊˈnɒlədʒɪ]
| імунологія
| impair, v
| [im'peə]
| пошкоджувати
| immunity, n
| [i'mјu:niti]
| імунітет
| inborn, adj
| [ɪn 'bɔ: n]
| вроджений (умовний)
| inclusion, n
| [ɪn'kluːʒn]
| включення
| independent, adj
| [ˌɪndɪˈpendənt]
| незалежний
| indicate, v
| ['indikeit]
| вказувати, позначати
| indigestion, n
| [d(a)i'ʤestʃən]
| травлення
| indirect, adj
| [indi'rekt]
| непрямий
| induce, v
| [ɪn 'dju:s]
| викликати, спричиняти
| ingest, v
| [ɪnˈdʒɛst]
| ковтати
| ingestion, n
| [in'ʤestʃən]
| ковтання
| inhalation, n
| [ɪnhəˈleɪʃ(ə)n]
| вдих
| inherit, v
| [in’herit]
| успадкувати
| inherited, adj
| [ɪnˈhɛrɪtɪd]
| успадкований
| initial, adj
| [i'niʃəl]
| початковий, первісний
| initiate, v
| [i'niʃieit]
| почати
| injury, n
| ['inʤәri]
| пошкодження
| inoculation, n
| [ɪ‚nɒkjə’leɪʃən]
| щеплення
| impetuous
| [ɪmˈpetʃʊəs]
| стрімкий, нетерплячий
| input, n
| [ˈɪnˌpʊt]
| надання інформації
| inspire, v
| [ɪnˈspaɪə]
| надихати
| instantaneous, adj
| [ˎɪnstən'teɪnɪəs]
| миттєвий
| intensive care unit, n
| [ɪnˈtensɪv keə ˈjuːnɪt]
| відділення інтенсивної терапії
| integumentary
| [ɪn ˎteɡjə'mentərɪ]
| покривний
| interpret, v
| [ɪn'tɜːprɪt]
| тлумачити; пояснювати
| intramuscular, adj
| [ˏintrə 'mʌskjʋlə]
| внутрішньомʼязовий
| intravenous, adj
| [intrə'vi:nəs]
| внутрішньовенний
| invasive adj.
| [ɪnˈveɪsɪv]
| агресивний
| invasion, n
| [in'veiʒ(ə)n]
| вторгнення
| involuntary
| [ın'vɔlənt(ə)rı]
| мимовільний
| iodine, n
| [ˈaiədain]
| йод
| isolate, v
| [‘aɪsə’leɪt]
| ізолювати, виділяти
| jaundice, n
| ['dʒɔ:ndɪs]
| жовтяниця
| jejunum, n
| [dʒiːˈdʒuːnəm]
| порожниста кишка
| joint, n
| [dʒɔɪnt]
| суглоб
| keep (kept, kept), v
| [ki:p]
| тримати, зберігати
| label, v
| ['leibl]
| маркерувати, позначати
| lack, n
| ['læk]
| нестача, брак; відсутність
| lactic acid, n
| ['læktɪk 'æsɪd]
| молочна кислота
| lamina, n
pl laminae
| ['læminə]
['læmini:]
| тонка пластинка, тонкий шар
| larynx, n
| [‘læriŋks]
| гортань
| law, n
| [lɔː]
| закон
| layer, n
| ['leɪə]
| шар, пласт
| leakage, n
| ['liːkɪdʒ]
| протікання, витік
| length, n
| [leŋθ]
| довжина
| leukocyte, n
| ['ljuːkəusaɪt]
| лейкоцит
| lifespan
| [ˈlaɪfspæn]
| тривалість життя
| life-threatening, adj
| [lʌ |
|