Read the following statements and decide if they are true or false according to the text. Prove your answers with the information from the text.

1) The profession of a lawyer is very popular in our country.

2) The lawyer can help in regulating social relations in the state.

3) Only one educational establishment trains lawyers in Ukraine.

4) Members of the judiciary don’t belong to the legal profession.

5) The Academy of Legal Sciences was established in 2003.

6) The aim of the Ukrainian Bar Association is law enforcement.

7) The Union of Advocates of Ukraine is a state-governed public all-Ukrainian organization.

8) The Ukrainian Notarial Chamber makes efforts to improve notary system.

9) ELSA is the Ukrainian branch of the European Law Students’ Association.

Read the text again and complete the table.

Organization	function	aim
The Academy of Legal Sciences   The Union of Lawyers of Ukraine   The Ukrainian Bar Association   The Union of Advocates of Ukraine   The Ukrainian Association of Prosecutors   The Ukrainian Notarial Chamber

3. Find in the text synonyms to the following words and use them in your own sentences:

Body, country, lawful, legislation, defence lawyer

4. Choose the right variant:

1. Law faculties of higher institutions –

a) enforce law

b) regulate social relations in the state

c) train lawyers

2. Legal profession doesn’t comprise

a) counsels

b) notaries

c) accountants

3. The Academy of Legal Sciences

a) carries out the fundamental researches

b) makes efforts to improve notary system

c) creates a law-governed state

4. The purpose of protecting legal rights and interests of prosecutors is carried by

a) The Ukrainian Notarial Chamber

b) The Ukrainian Association of Prosecutors

c) ELSA Ukraine

 

 

5. Complete the sentences:

1) Organization, which has a purpose to protect legal rights and interests of its members who worked/work in the Prosecutor’s Office, is called...

2) Students and recent graduates of the Ukrainian law education establishments, who are interested in law, may join...

3) The Union of Advocates of Ukraine is aimed at...

4) A national scientific organization, which carries out the fundamental researches and coordinates, organizes and fulfils works in the field of state and law, was established in...

5) A public organization which supports its members in their professional activities, makes efforts to improve notary system and participates in the law-making process, is...

6) Lawyers from all spheres of legal profession unite in...

7) The Union of Lawyers of Ukraine carries out the following activities:...

 

III. VOCABULARY STUDY

1. Fill in the correct word from the list below:

Investigator Judge Notary Prosecutor Advocate

1. … presides in courtroom and administers justice, resolves disputes between parties, decides the case during the trial, gives the judgment.

2. … investigates a criminal case, collects evidence, and discovers criminals.

3. … usually initiates a criminal case and conducts criminal proceedings, presents evidence in the court.

4. … is a public officer who certifies the documents or its copies and official acts: wills, commercial papers, deeds, etc.

5. … prepares a case or documents, presents a case in a courtroom, defends a client, and drafts legal documents.

2. Match the terms with their definitions and make up your own sentences with these words:

1. relations	a) to become or to make sth better
2. faculty	b) a department within a university
3. chamber	c) free from and not controlled by another person, country, etc.
4. independent	d) something that you are morally, legally or officially allowed to do or have
5. rights	e) an organization that makes important decisions
6. to improve	f) the way in which people behave toward each other

3. Write the word families of the following words:

Law, judge, nation, science, activity, protect, practice.

4. Mark the meaning in which the following words are used in the text with a tick. Make up your own sentences with them:

1. state – a) стан, положення

b) держава

c) штат

2. counsel – a) адвокат

b) порада

c) консультація

3. image – a) репутація

b) зображення

c) подібність

4. branch – a) гілка

b) підрозділ

c) відділення, філіал

 

5. Arrange the letters into correct order and write the words:

1) foenrmentce

2) seproorcut

3) ciajurydi

4) lishtabmentes

5) viordsa

6. Translate the following into English:

Яку роботу виконує юрист у сучасному світі? Прокурора, помічника прокурора, слідчого, судді, адвоката, оперативного співробітника МВС України, поліції, податкової міліції, митних органів, різних служб безпеки, а також співробітника управління в адміністрації області, міст і районів, начальника підприємств, установ та фірм. Значна кількість юристів займається політикою, дослідженнями і викладацькою діяльністю. Таким чином, професійні можливості юриста розповсюджуються на спеціалізовані установи, тобто, судові, правоохоронні, правові та економічні структури.

IV. GRAMMAR FOCUS

1. Explain the use of articles with the names of institutions and organizations mentioned in the text.

2. Give the names of 5 higher education institutions and explain the use of capital letters. If the institutions do not appear in proper names, do they require capitalization?

V. SPEAKING

Write down the plan of the text in the form of questions. Ask your partner to answer them.

2. Give some advice to your friend who is going to become a lawyer using the following plan:

1. choice of specialization

2. number of years of training

3. income expectations

4. responsibilities

5. kinds of clients

6. challenges and opportunities.

3. Being a lawyer is regarded as one of the best professions in many countries. Consider the areas of specialization, which you would choose, or have chosen, and why? Discuss your future career in pairs, giving reasons for your decisions. Use some of the following expressions:

Agreeing: Yes, you are quite/absolutely right.

Yes, I quite agree with you.

Well, I suppose you may/could be right.

Disagreeing: I’m not sure you’re right about…

I’m afraid I can’t agree with you.

I don’t really think…

e.g. A. I think I can become an investigator because I am very good at studying Criminal Code.

B. Yes, I quite agree with you. You could also become a notary.

A. I don’t really think I would choose this career because…

 

 

Unit 5 Law and Lawyers Section 2 Spheres of Law

 

I. LEAD-IN

1. Read and comment the quotation by famous people:

“No man is above the law and no man is below it: nor do we ask any man's permission when we ask him to obey it.”
Theodore Roosevelt

“Lawless are they that make their wills their law.”
William Shakespeare

“The law is reason, free from passion.”
Aristotle

2. Match the following English words and expressions with their Ukrainian equivalents:

1) contract law A профспілки

2) property law B делікт, цивільне правопорушення

3) real estate C договірне право

4) perpetrator D трудове право

5) employment law E право власності

6) trade unions F загальне право

7) common law G правопорушник, злочинець

8) tort H нерухоме майно

 

TEXT 2

Read the text and tell what information is new for you.

Spheres of Law

Law is a system of rules and guidelines, usually enforced through a set of institutions. It shapes politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a social mediator of relations between people. The field of civil rights deals with the balance of governmental power and individual liberties. Contract law regulates everything from buying a bus ticket to trading on derivatives markets. Property law defines rights and obligations related to the transfer and title of personal and real property. Real estate law generally involves anything dealing with real property (land). These laws are designed to determine who owns land and the buildings on it, who has a right to possess and use land or buildings, the sale and purchase of real property, landlord and tenant issues, the development of real property, and compliance with local, state, or national regulations affecting the use of real property.

If the harm is criminalised in a statute, criminal law offers means by which the state can prosecute the perpetrator. So, it is a body of law that prohibits certain kinds of conduct and imposes sanctions for unlawful behaviour. Constitutional law provides a framework for the creation of law, the protection of human rights and the election of political representatives. Administrative law is used to review the decisions of government agencies, while international law governs affairs between sovereign states in activities ranging from trade to environmental regulation or military action. Employment law addresses the legal rights of workers and their employers. Issues might include disputes regarding wages, hours, child labor, workplace safety, discrimination based upon race, gender, age, and disabilities; and trade unions.

Legal systems elaborate rights and responsibilities in a variety of ways. A general distinction can be made between civil law jurisdictions, which codify their laws, and common law systems, where case law is not consolidated into the code. In some countries, religion informs the law. Law provides a rich source of scholarly inquiry, into legal history, philosophy, economic analysis or sociology. Law also raises important and complex issues concerning equality, fairness and justice.

All legal systems deal with the same basic issues, but each country categorises and identifies its legal subjects in different ways. A common distinction is that between "public law" (a term related closely to the state, and including constitutional, administrative and criminal law), and "private law" (which covers contract, tort and property). In civil law systems, contract and tort fall under a general law of obligations, while trusts law is dealt with under statutory regimes or international conventions. International, constitutional and administrative law, criminal law, contract, tort, property law and trusts are regarded as the "traditional core subjects", although there are many further disciplines.

 

II. DEVELOPMENT