Видо-временные формы английского глагола в страдательном залоге

Tense (время)	Вид (aspect)
Indefinite (Simple)	Continuous (Progressive)	Perfect
Present	(I) am He / she / it is V3 We / you / they are	am is being V3 are	have / has been V3
Past	was V3 were	was being V3 were	had been V3
Future	shall V3 will		shall have been V3 will

 

Примечания.

1. Глагол в страдательном залоге означает, что действие направлено на предмет или лицо, выраженное подлежащим.

2. Все формы страдательного залога образуются при помощи глагола to be в соответствующей видо-временной форме (см. гл.7) и Participle II смыслового глагола. Для стандартных глаголов причастие II совпадает с V₂, для нестандартных глаголов – V₃.

3. Страдательный залог употребляется, как правило, в тех случаях, когда лицо, совершающее действие, не имеет значения. Предлог, вводящий субъекта действия, – «by»,орудие действия – «with».

 

Примеры: The next morning I was awakened by the telephone. – На следующее утро меня разбудил телефон.

Law is also made by courts. – Право также создается судами.

St. Petersburg was founded by Peter I in 1703. – Санкт-Петербург был основан Петром I в 1703 году.

When was the doctor sent for? – Когда послали за доктором?

 

Exercises.

I. Подчеркните глаголы в страдательном залоге. Переведите предложения.

1. In English law a contract is formed when both parties agree.

2. According to English law, people are innocent until they are proved guilty.

3. A burglar alarm has been installed in the house.

4. He was caught red-handed.

5. It was reported that the police was tracking the smugglers down.

6. If he starts speaking, the secret will be revealed.

 

II.

А. Заполните пропуски приведенными глаголами в форме настоящего простого времени в страдательном залоге.

Use, play, destroy, speak, export.

Model: Bread is made from wheat.

1. Football … all over the world.

2. Millions of cars … from Japan every year.

3. A compass … for showing direction.

4. How many languages … in Switzerland?

5. Millions of trees … by pollution every year.

Б. Заполните пропуски приведенными глаголами в форме прошедшего простого времени в страдательном залоге.

Discover, invent, play, assassinate, paint, build.

Model: The radio was invented by Marconi.

1. President John F.Kennedy … in Dallas in 1963.

2. The 1990 World Cup for soccer … in Italy.

3. When … television …?

4. The first pyramids of Egypt … around 3000 B.C.

5. Penicillin … by Alexander Fleming in 1928.

6. “Mona Liza” … by Leonardo da Vinci.

В. Заполните пропуски приведенными глаголами в форме прошедшего длительного или прошедшего завершенного времени в страдательном залоге.

Not invite, sell, repair, interview, steal.

Model: I couldn’t wear my suit last Saturday.

It was being cleaned.

1. When I got back to the car park, my car wasn’t there. It …

2. We couldn’t use the photocopier this morning. It …

3. By the time I arrived at the concert hall, there were no tickets left. They…

4. We didn’t go to the party on Sunday because we …

5. The man admitted stealing the money when he … by the police.

 

III. Измените залог глагола.

1. They often invite me to their parties.

2. People speak English in different parts of the world.

3. One uses milk for making butter.

4. We form the Passive Voice with the help of the verb “to be”.

5. They build a lot of houses in this district every year.

6. People speak much of him.

7. They built this house in 1997.

8. Somebody locked the front door.

9. They punished the boy for that.

10. They showed me the way to the Academy.

11. They recommended us several articles on Criminal Law.

12. Our students won the sports competition.

 

IV. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в нужной форме страдательного залога.

Yesterday evening a black BMW (to steal) from outside the home of Mr. John Simpson. Mr. Simpson (to telephone), the police. Later that evening the car (to see) in the High Street by Mr. Simpsons wife, Laura. The keys (to be) in the car, so she (to drive) it home. The police (to look) for a careless thief!

 

V. Выберите правильную форму (Active Voice or Passive Voice?).

1. A valuable painting stole / was stolen from the Central Art Gallery last night.

2. The thieves entered / were entered the gallery through a small upstairs window.

3. This problem discussed / was discussed at the last meeting.

4. In 1964 Martin Luther King won / was won the Nobel peace Prize. In 1968 he assassinated / was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee.

5. The president interviewed / was interviewed on Italian TV.

6. Teachers have given / have been given a new pay rise by the government.

7. The news announced / was announced earlier today.

 

VI. Заполните пропуски предлогами by, with.

Примечание. Предлог with вводит орудие действия или материал составляющий части.

1. “The Old Man and the Sea” was written … Ernest Hemingway.

2. Radium was invented … Pierre and Marie Curie.

3. My desk was covered … papers.

4. There photos were taken … a very cheap camera.

5. The cake was made … dried fruit.

6. The cake was made … my aunt.

7. The garage was painted … a new kind of paint.

8. The safe was blown open … the robbers.

9. The safe was blown open … dynamite.

10. “Imagine” was composed and sung … John Lennon.

 

VII. Заполните пропуски глаголами в скобках в соответствующей видо-временной форме страдательного залога (The Present Simple Passive / the Past Simple Passive / The Present Perfect Passive / the Future Simple Passive?).

Do you know how often the Olympic Games (hold)? They (hold) every four years. The first Olympic Games (hold) at Olympia, in ancient Greece, nearly 3,000 years ago. The tradition (continue) from 776 BC to AD 393. Even wars (postpone), so that everyone could travel safely to the Games. The Games (ban) in 394.

In 1890 the modern Games (found) by a Frenchman called Baron de Coubertin in Athens.

Originally, the Games … (set up) for amateurs. Amateurs are people who (not pay) to play the sport whereas professionals (pay). Since 1984 some professional athletes, such as football players, (allow) to take part.

Before the Games begin, the Olympic torch (light) at Olympus by a mirror reflecting the sun. Then it (carry) by runners to the city where the Games (hold). Sometimes by the time the last runner enters the stadium, the torch (carry) half-way round the world.

Do you know where the next Olympic Games (hold)?

Unit 9

Модальные глаголы