Настоящее завершенно-длительное время

(Present Perfect Continuous)

Настоящее завершенно-длительное время обозначает действия, начавшиеся в прошлом и продолжающиеся до настоящего времени. Для действий, обозначаемых глаголами, которые не употребляются в форме длительного времени (см. таблицу 7.4), используется настоящее завершенное время.

Образование настоящего завершенно-длительного времени

I / you / we / they have been doing

he / she / it has been

Have you / we, etc. been doing?

Has he, etc. been

I / you / we / they haven’t been doing

he / she / it hasn’t been

 

Примеры:

Ann’s clothes are in paint. She has been painting the ceiling. – Одежда Энн в краске. Она красит потолок (какое-то время).	The ceiling was white. Now it is blue. She has painted it. – Потолок был белый. Сейчас он голубой. Она его покрасила.
Ann has been writing letters all day. – Энн весь день пишет письма. How long have you been reading that book? – Как долго вы читаете эту книгу? Jim has been playing tennis since 2 o’clock. – Джим играет в теннис с 2-х часов.	Ann has written ten letters today. – Энн сегодня написала десять писем. How many pages of that book have you read? – Сколько страниц этой книги ты прочитал? Jim has played tennis three times this week. – Джим играл в теннис трижды на этой неделе.
I have been waiting for you since Sunday. – Я жду тебя с воскресенья.	I have known you since Sunday. – Я знаю тебя с воскресенья.

 

Exercises.

I. Скажите, что вы долго выполняете следующие действия.

Study English; write letters; clean the room; read up for the exam (готовиться к экзамену); cook meals; do shopping; skate.

Model. I have been studying English for a long time.

 

II. Задайте вопросы к предложениям из упражнения 1, начинающиеся со слов “How long …”.

 

III. Прочитайте описание ситуаций и составьте по два предложения, используя слова в скобках (Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous).

Model: Tom is reading a book. He started two hours ago and he is on page 53.

(he (read) for two hours) – He has been reading for two hours.

(he (read) 53 pages so far) – He has read 53 pages so far.

1. Linda is from Australia. How she is travelling round Europe. She began her tour three months ago.

(she (travel) around Europe for three months);

(she (visit) six countries so far).

2. Jimmy is a tennis champion. He began playing tennis when he was 11 years old. Now he has won the national championship for the fourth time.

(he (play) tennis since he was 11);

he (win) the national championship four times).

3. Bill and Andy make films. They started making films together when they graduated from college.

(they (make) films since they graduated from college);

(they (make) ten films since they left college).

 

IV. Употребите глагол в скобках в нужном времени (Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous?).

1. I (lose) my key. Can you help me look for it?

2. You look tired. (you / work) hard?

3. Look! Somebody (break) that window.

4. I (read) this book but I (not / finish) it yet.

5. Hello! I (clean) the windows. So far I (clean) five of them and I have two more to do.

6. My brother is an actor. He (appear) in several films.

 

V. Составьте пять предложений о себе, описывающих, как долго вы делаете различные дела.

Model: I have been going in for sport since the fifth form (since 1990, since childhood, etc).