Present perfect continuous and Simple

(I have been doing and I have done)

8.	Write a question for each situation.

 

1. John looks sunburnt. You ask: (you / sit in the sun?) … Have you been sitting in the sun? …

2. You have just arrived to meet a friend who is waiting for you. You ask: (you / wait / long?) …………………

3. You meet a friend in the street. His face and hands are very dirty. You ask: (what / you / do?) ………………

4. A friend of yours is now living in Baker Street. You want to know “How long …?” You ask: (how long / you / live / in Baker Street?) …………

5. A friend tells you about his job – he sells computers. You want to know “How long …?” You ask: (how long / you / sell / computers?) ……….

 

9.	Read the situation and complete the sentences.

 

1. The rain started two hours ago. It’s still raining now. It … has been raining … for two hours.

2. We started waiting for the bus 20 minutes ago. We’re still waiting now. We ……………………………… for 20 minutes.

3. I started Spanish classes in December. I’m still learning Spanish now. I …………………………………. Since December.

4. Ann began looking for a job six months ago. She’s still looking now. ……………………………………. For six months.

5. Mary started working in London on 18 January. She’s still working there now. ……………………………………. since 18 January.

6. Years ago you started writing to a penfriend. You still write to each other regularly now. We ………………………………… for years.

 

10.	Put the verb into the present continuous (I am -ing etc.) or present perfect continuous (I have been -ing etc.).

 

1. Maria... has been learning... (learn) English for two years.

2. Hello, Tom. I ……….. (look) for you all morning. Where have you been?

3. Why …………………. (you/look) at me like that? Stop it!

4. We always go to Ireland for our holidays. We ……….. (go) there for years.

5. I …………. (think) about what you said and I’ve decided to take your advice.

6. “Is Ann on holiday this week?” “No, she …… (work).”

7. Sarah is very tired. She ……………. (work) very hard recently.

 

11.	Read the situations and write two sentences using the words in brackets.

 

1. Tom started reading a book two hours ago. He is still reading it and now he is on page 53. (read / for two hours) … He has been reading for two hours. (read /53 pages so far)... He has read 53 pages so far.

2. Linda is from Australia. She is travelling round Europe at the moment. She began her tour three months ago. (travel / for three months) She ……………… (visit / six months so far) …………………….

3. Jimmy is a tennis player. He began playing tennis when he was ten years old. This year he is national champion again – for the fourth time. (win / the national championship four times) …………………………. (play / tennis since he was ten) …………………………….

4. When they left college, Mary and Sue started making films together. They still make films. (make / ten films since they left college) They ………………….. (make / films since they left college) ……………………………..

 

12.	For each situation, ask a question using the words in brackets.

 

1. You have a friend who is learning Arabic. You ask: (how long / learn / Arabic?).... How long have you been learning Arabic?

2. You have just arrived to meet a friend. She is waiting for you. You ask: (how long / wait?) ……………………

3. You see somebody fishing by the river. You ask: (how many fish / catch?) ……………………

4. Some friends of yours are having a party next week. You ask: (how many people / invite?) ………………….

5. A friend of yours is a teacher. You ask: (how long / teach?)

6. You meet somebody who is a writer. You ask: (how many books / write?) ………………… (how long / write / books?) ……………………………….

7. A friend of yours is saving money to go on holiday. You ask: (how long / save?) …………………….. (how much money / save?) ………………………

 

13.	Put the verb into the more suitable form, present perfect simple (I have done etc.) or continuous (I have been doing etc.)

 

1. Where have you been?... Have you been playing... (you/play) tennis?

2. Look! Somebody....................... (break) that window.

3. You look tired........................... (you/work) hard?

4. “ …………….. (you/ever/work) in a factory?” “No, never.”

5. “Jane is away on holiday.” “Oh, is she? Where ……….. (she/go)?”

6. My brother is an actor. He………….. (appear) in several films.

7. “Sorry I’m late.” “That’s all right. I……………. (not/wait) long.’

8. “Is it still raining?’ “No, it ………………. (stop).”

9. I………… (lose) my address book. ………… (you/see) it anywhere?

10. I …….. (read) the book you lent me but I …… (not/finish) it yet.

11. I………… (read) the book you lent me, so you can have it back now.

 

14.ó

®

Describe the pictures.

 

UNIT 25:

THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE

Lesson 8

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

1.s	Try to answer these questions before reading the text

 

1. What do you understand by the term “military cooperation”?

2. What do you know about cooperation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with NATO?

3. Is military cooperation important for national security of Ukraine?

 

2.

In this exercise we’ll concentrate on the words and word combinations to be sure you know what they mean

military cooperation – an area of relations with foreign countries that includes a range of political, economic and military measures aimed at reinforcing the defence capabilities and national security of the parties of such cooperation;

NATO -North Atlantic Treaty Organization, an international organization composed of the US, Canada, Britain, and a number of European countries: established by the North Atlantic Treaty (1949) for purposes of collective security;

bilateral – having or involving two sides;

exercise – the principle and most effective means by which land, air and naval formations, units, subunits achieve and improve their proficiency;

prerequisite -something required as a prior condition;

airlift – the transportation by air of passengers, troops, cargo, etc., especially when other routes are blocked;

peace support operation – operations coordinated in terms of objectives, tasks, time and place by specially trained military, police and civilian personnel in support of efforts to stabilize the situation in areas of potential or actual conflict;

crisis response operation – any NATO military operation undertaken for purposes of crisis management.

3.

Read the text and translate into Ukrainian

International Cooperation

International cooperation is one of the important activities of Ukrainian Armed Forces. It plays a vital role in providing national security and defence. It is essential prerequisite for integration of Ukraine into European and Euro Atlantic security structures.

Currently, Ukraine has concluded international agreements on military cooperation and armaments cooperation with more than 50 nations, according to which the Ministry of Defence is one of the executors. In addition, MOD cooperates with other 36 nations according to additional agreements. Some activities are aimed at increasing interoperability with armed forces of other countries. Also military units of other countries take part in multinational exercises held in Ukraine in the frame of bilateral cooperation programs and NATO cooperation program.

The cooperation in the sphere of military training and preparation of units for PSOs is actively developed with the USA, UK, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Austria, Greece, and Turkey. It has been studied European states defence reform experience.

Cooperation with NATO is a key cooperation activity. It is aimed at fulfilment of two primary tasks: reforming of Armed Forces and preparation forces and equipment designated for NATO-led operations.

The prospective areas of cooperation with EU are strategic airlifts provided by Ukrainian air transport companies; participation of Ukrainian military units in crisis response operations led by EU; improvement of cooperation between enterprises of Ukraine and EU states in the sphere of joint projects for research and production of new armaments and military equipment and old types modernization.

Regional cooperation is essential part of European and Euro Atlantic integration process. Ukraine continues its dialogue with the South Eastern Europe and the Black Sea nations on bilateral level and in the framework of international forums. It is implemented successfully initiative on establishing and functioning multinational naval formation BLACKSEAFOR. Ukraine has the status of observer at the South Eastern Europe Defence Ministerial. The Ukrainian Armed Forces will continue to develop defence cooperation in order to study conflict solution experience, to familiarize with military units of other countries, to gain practical experience in operations and crisis, to improve cooperation between military personnel from other nations and to create the spirit of confidence and military cooperation.

 

4. s	Answer the questions

 

1. How many nations does Ukraine cooperate with?

2. What is the aim of military cooperation?

3. Name the countries which have cooperation with Ukraine in military aspect.

4. What are the aims of cooperation with NATO?

5. What are the prospect areas of military cooperation with EU?

 

5.	Complete the speech bubbles

 

1. It is essential prerequisite for __________ of Ukraine into European and Euro Atlantic _________________.

2. Also military units of other countries take part in __________ exercises held in Ukraine in the frame of __________ cooperation programs and NATO cooperation program.

3. The cooperation in the sphere of military __________ and preparation of units for __________ operations.

4. The prospective areas of cooperation with EU are __________ provided by Ukrainian air transport companies; participation of Ukrainian military units in _________________________led by EU.

 

6.ó

®

Discuss these questions in pairs or small groups

 

1. Should Ukraine broaden its military cooperation? Why

2. How can you characterize military cooperation of Ukraine?

3. What branches of the Naval Forces do you know? What are their tasks?

4. What types of armament do you know?

 

7.	Translate words and word combinations into English

 

Міжнародне співробітництво, національна безпека і оборона, інтеграція, необхідна передумова, міжнародні домовленості, озброєння, взаємосумісність, двостороння співпраця, військові навчання, реформування, авіаперевезення, військове обладнання.

 

GRAMMAR