Exercise 3. Complete the questions. Some are present and some are past.

George had to wait a long time. How long ……?

Liz has to go somewhere. Where ……?

I had to translate it myself. Who ……?

They have to meet my parents. Who ……?

My sister has to leave early. What time ……?

I have to get up early tomorrow. What time……?

We had to pay a lot of. How much ……?

 

Exercise 4. Write sentences with don't/doesn't/didn't have to....

1 Why are you going out? You ……

2 Why is Ann waiting? She ……

3 Why did you get up early? You ……

4 Why is Paul working so hard? He ……

5 Why do you want to leave now? You ……

6 Why do you work alone? You ……

7 Why does he speak to her? He ……

8 Why are you watching TV? You ……

9 Why is she going to the cinema? She ……

10 Why are you talking on the phone? You ……

 

 

ITEM 11.5. MODAL VERBS. REVIEW

 

Exercise 1. Complete the sentences using could, couldn't or was/were able to.

1 My grandfather was a very clever man. He could speak five languages.

2 I looked everywhere for the book but I couldn't find it.

3 They didn't want to come with us at first but we were able to persuade them.

4 Laura had hurt her leg and……walk very well.

5 Sue wasn't at home when I phoned but I……contact her at her office.

6 I looked very carefully and I……see a figure in the distance.

7 I wanted to buy some tomatoes. The first shop I went to didn't have any but I get some in the next shop.

8 My grandmother loved music. She……play the piano very well.

9 A girl fell into the river but fortunately we……rescue her.

10 I had forgotten to bring my camera so I……take any photographs.

 

Exercise 2. Read the situations and use the words in brackets to write sentences with must have and can't have.

1 The phone rang but I didn't hear it. (I / asleep)

I must have been asleep.

2 Jane walked past me without speaking. (she / see / me)

She can't have seen me.

3 The jacket you bought is very good quality. (it / very expensive) ……

4 I haven't seen the people next door for ages. (they / go away)……

5 I can't find my umbrella. (I / leave / it in the restaurant last night) ……

6 Don passed the exam without studying for it. (the exam / very difficult) ……

7 She knew everything about our plans. (she / listen / to our conversation) ……

8 Fiona did the opposite of what I asked her to do. (she / understand / what I said) ……

9 When I woke up this morning, the light was on. (I / forget / to turn it off) ……

10 The lights were red but the car didn't stop. (the driver / see / the red light) …… 11 I was woken up in the middle of the night by the noise next door. (the neighbours / have / a party) ……

 

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with must, mustn't or needn't.

1 We haven't got much time. We must hurry.

2 We've got plenty of time. We needn't hurry.

3 We have enough food at home so we……go shopping today.

4 Jim gave me a letter to post. I……remember to post it.

5 Jim gave me a letter to post. I……forget to post it.

6 There's plenty of time for you to make up your mind. You……decide now.

7 You……wash those tomatoes. They've already been washed.

8 This is a valuable book. You……look after it carefully and you……lose it.

9 'What sort of house do you want to buy? Something big?' 'Well, it ……be big - that's not important. But it……have a nice garden - that's essential.'

Exercise 4. Read the situations and write sentences with should/shouldn't. Some of the sentences are past and some are present.

1 I'm feeling sick. I ate too much. I shouldn't have eaten so much.

2 That man on the motorbike isn't wearing a helmet. That's dangerous.
He should be wearing a helmet.

3 When we got to the restaurant, there were no free tables. We hadn't reserved one. We ……

4 The notice says that the shop is open every day from 8.30. It is 9 o'clock now but the shop isn't open yet……

5 The speed limit is 30 miles an hour, but Catherine is doing 50.

She……

6 I went to Paris. A friend of mine lives in Paris but I didn't go to see him while I was there. When I saw him later,-he said: You……

7 I was driving behind another car. Suddenly, the driver in front stopped without warning and I drove into the back of his car. It wasn't my fault. ……

8 I walked into a wall. I wasn't looking where I was going. ……

 

Exercise 5. Write two sentences for each situation. Use needn't have in the first sentence and could have in the second (as in the example).

1 Why did you rush? Why didn't you take your time?

Example: You needn't have rushed. You could have taken your time.

2 Why did you walk home? Why didn't you take a taxi?

3 Why did you stay at a hotel? Why didn't you stay with us?

4 Why did she phone me in the middle of the night? Why didn't she phone me in the morning?

5 Why did you leave without saying anything? Why didn't you say goodbye to me?

Exercise 6. For each situation write a sentence with should or shouldn't + one of the following:

go away for a few days go to bed so late look for another job

put some pictures on the walls take a photograph use her car so much

1 (Liz needs a change.) She should go away for a few days.

2 (My salary is very low.) You……

3 (Jack always has difficulty getting up.) He ……

4 (What a beautiful view!) You……

5 (Sue drives everywhere. She never walks.) She ……

6 (Bill's room isn't very interesting.) ……

 

UNIT 12. TO BE (PAST SIMPLE).

Exercise 1. Put in am is/are (present) or was/were (past).

1 Last year she was 22, so she is 23 now.

2 Today he weather……nice, but yesterday it very cold.

3 I …… hungry. Can I have something to eat?

4 I feel fine this morning but I …… very tired last night.

5 Where…… you at 11 o'clock last Friday morning?

6 Don't buy those shoes. They …… very expensive.

7 I like your new jacket……it expensive?

8 This time last year I……in Paris.

9 'Where ……the children?' 'I don't know. They …… in the garden ten minutes ago.'

 

Exercise 2. Put in was/ were or wasn't/weren't.

1 We weren't happy with the hotel. Our room was very small and it wasn't very clean.

2 George ……at work last week because he……ill. He's better now.

3 Yesterday …… a public holiday so the shops……closed. They're open today.

4 '……Sue and Bill at the party?' 'Sue……there but Bill …… '

5 'Where are my keys?' 'I don't know. They …… on the table but they're not there now'

6 You…… at home last night. Where …… you?

 

Exercise 3. Write the questions. Use the words in brackets (...) in the correct order + was/were.

1. (late/ you/ this morning/ why?) Why were you late this morning? 2. (difficult/ your exam?) …… 3. (last week/ where/ Ann and Chris?) …… 4. (your new camera/ how much?) …… 5. (angry/ you/ yesterday/ why?) …… 6. (nice/ the weather/ last week?) …...

1. The traffic was bad.   2. No, it was easy.   3. They were on holiday.   4. Sixty pounds.   5. Because you were late.   6. Yes, it was beautiful.

UNIT 13. PAST SIMPLE.

ITEM 13.1 PAST SIMPLE (POSITIVE SENTENCES).

Exercise 1. Complete the sentences. Use one of these verbs in the past simple:

clean die enjoy finish happen open rain start stay want

1 I cleaned my teeth three times yesterday.

2 It was hot in the room, so I...... the window.

3 The concert……at 7.30 and……at 10 o'clock.

4 When I was a child, I……to be a doctor.

5 The accident……last Sunday afternoon.

6 It's a nice day today but yesterday it. all day.

7 We……our holiday last year. We……at a very nice place.

8 Ann's grandfather……when he was 90 years old.

 

Exercise 2. Write the past simple of these verbs.

1 get got 2 see …… 3 play ……

4 pay …… 5 visit …… 6 buy ……

7 go …… 8 think …… 9 copy ……

10 know …… 11 put …… 12 speak ……

Exercise 3. Read about Lisa's journey to Madrid. Put the verbs in the correct form.

fly, get, have, leave, drive, arrive, park, go, have, go, wait, depart, arrive, take

Last Tuesday Lisa (1) flew from London to Madrid. She (2) …… up at six o'clock in the morning and (3) ……a cup of coffee. At 6.30 she (4) …… home and (5) …… to the airport. When she (6) ……...................................................., she (7) …… the car and then (8) ……to the airport cafe where she (9) …… breakfast. Then she (10) …… through passport control and (11)................................................................... for her flight. The plane (12) …… on time and (13) …… in Madrid two hours later. Finally she a taxi from the airport to her hotel in the centre of Madrid.

 

Exercise 4. Write sentences about the past (yesterday/ last week etc.).

 

1 Jim always goes to work by car. Yesterday he went to work by car.

2 Rachel often loses her keys. She……last week.

3 Kate meets her friends every evening. She ……yesterday evening.

4 I usually buy two newspapers every day. Yesterday I ……

5 We usually go to the cinema on Sundays. Last Sunday we ……

6 I eat an orange every day. Yesterday I ……

7 Tom always has a shower in the morning. This morning he……

8 Our friends come to see us every Friday. They……last Friday.

Exercise 5. Write sentences about what you did yesterday.

1. I played volleyball yesterday.

2. ……

3. ……

4. ……

5. ……

6. ……

 

Exercise 6. Read what Sharon says about a typical working day:

I usually get up at 7 o'clock and have a big breakfast. I walk to work, which takes me about half an hour. I start work at 8.45. I never have lunch. I finish work at 5 o'clock. I'm always tired when I get home. I usually cook a meal in the evening. I don't usually go out. I go to bed at about 11 o'clock. I always sleep well.