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Unit 4. Present Simple or Present Continuous↑ Стр 1 из 20Следующая ⇒ Содержание книги
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Учебно-практическое пособие «Грамматика английского языка» для студентов экономико-управленческих, финансовых, юридических и гуманитарных специальностей Москва 2009 автор-составитель Евсеева А.Ю., к.э.н.
Учебно-практическое пособие «Грамматика английского языка» для студентов экономико-управленческих, финансовых, юридических и гуманитарных специальностей – М.: МФЮА, 2009. – с.
Рецензенты: Руководитель Центра высшего образования ФИРО д.п.н., профессор Тюнников Ю.С. Старший преподаватель кафедры ИЯиПК МФЮА Ширяева Н.Н.
Рекомендовано к использованию в учебном процессе на заседании кафедры
(протокола заседания кафедры иностранных языков № 3 от 20.12.2007 г.)
Типография Московской финансово-юридической академии Тираж _______ экз.
ÓМФЮА, 2009
Contents Unit 1. To Be Item 1.1 To Be (Positive sentences) Item 1.2 To Be (Negative sentences) Item 1.3 To Be (Interrogative sentences) Item 1.4 To Be (Expressions) Unit 2. Present Continuous Item 2.1 Present Continuous (Positive sentences) Item 2.2 Present Continuous (Negative sentences) Item 2.3 Present Continuous (Interrogative sentences) Item 2.4 Present Continuous (Review) Unit 3. Present Simple Item 3.1 Present Simple (Positive sentences) Item 3.2 Present Simple (Negative sentences) Item 3.3 Present Simple (Interrogative sentences) Item 3.4 Present Simple(Review) Unit 4. Present Simple or Present Continuous Unit 5. Do/make Unit 6. Have and Have got Unit 7. Future Simple Item 7.1 Future Simple (Positive sentences) Item 7.2 Future Simple (Negative sentences) Item 7.3 Future Simple (Interrogative sentences) Item 7.4 Future Simple (Review) Unit 8. Future Simple, Present Simple or Present Continuous Unit 9. To be going to do smth. Item 9.1 To be going to do smth. (Present Simple. Positive sentences) Item 9.2 To be going to do smth. (Present Simple. Negative sentences) Item 9.3 To be going to do smth. (Present Simple. Interrogative sentences) Item 9.4 To be going to do smth. (Past Simple) Unit 10. Future Simple or To be going to do smth. Unit 11. Modal verbs Item 11.1 Modal verbs (Positive sentences) Item 11.2 Modal verbs (Negative sentences) Item 11.3 Modal verbs (Interrogative sentences) Item 11.4 Have To Item 11.5 Modal verbs(Review) Unit 12 To be (Past Simple) Unit 13 Past Simple Item 13.1 Past Simple (Positive sentences) Item 13.2 Past Simple (Negative sentences, Interrogative) Item 13.3 Past Simple (Regular and irregular verbs) Unit 14. There is/there are Item 14.1 There is/ there are (Present Simple. Positive sentences) Item 14.2 There is/ there are (Present Simple. Negative sentences) Item 14.3 There is/ there are (Present Simple. Interrogative sentences) Item 14.4 There is/ there are (Past Simple) Item 14.5 There is/ there are (Future Simple) Item 14.6 There is/there are (Review) Unit 15. Past Continuous Item 15.1 Past Continuous (Positive, Negative, Interrogative sentences) Item 15.2 Past Continuous or Past Simple. Unit 16. Present Perfect Item 16.1 Present Perfect (Positive sentences) Item 16.2 Present Perfect (Negative sentences) Item 16.3 Present Perfect (Interrogative sentences) Item 16.4 Present Perfect or Past Simple Unit 17. Present Perfect Continuous Item 17.1 Present Perfect Continuous Item 17.2 Present Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous Unit 18. Tag Questions Unit 19. Special Questions Unit 20. Sequence of tenses Unit 21. Passive voice Unit 22. Conditional sentences Item 22.1 Conditional first Item 22.2 Conditional second Unit 23. I wish I … Item 23.1 I wish I knew Item 23.2 I wish I would do Item 23.3 I wish I had done Unit 24. Personal Pronouns Unit 25. Possessive pronouns Unit 26. Demonstrative pronouns Unit 27. Some or any Unit 28. Countable/uncountable Unit 29. Singular and plural Unit 30. Articles Unit 31. Much/many, few/little, a lot of Unit 32. Degrees of Comparison Item 32.1 Degrees of Comparison Item 32.2 Degrees of Comparison (Review) Unit 33. Superlative Unit 34. Belongings Unit 35. Prepositions Unit 36. Verbs+prepositions Unit 37. Verb+verb Item 37.1 Verb+ing and Verb+to Item 37.2 Verb+preposition+ing
Additional material Unit 38. Be used/ get used to doing smth Unit 39. I’d prefer/ I’d rather Unit 40. Used to do Unit 41. Every or all Unit 42. All of/ Most of/ None of UNIT 43 Revision (translation) UNIT 44 Tricky Words UNIT 1. TO BE ITEM 1.1 TO BE. (POSITIVE SENTENCES) Exercise 1. Write the short form. 1 I am 3 it is 5 he is 7 they are 2 you are 4 she is 6 we are 8 that is
Exercise 2. Put in am, are or is.
1 The weather … nice today. 11. This book … interesting. 2 I … very tired. 12. This … my sister. 3 This bag … heavy. 13. I … from London. 4 These bags … heavy. 14. This film … boring. 5 That car … black. 15. My cat … in the garden. 6 My brother and I … very good friends. 16. My grandparents … in the village. 7 My mother … at home now. 17. My friend’s name … Alice. 8 My brothers … at school now. 18. She … 17 years old. 9 My father … a taxi driver. 19. These girls … from Spain. 10 My sister … a nurse. 20. These … my books.
Exercise 3. Complete the text about Ann. My name … Ann and I … a student I … nineteen years old. I … from Moscow. I have two brothers: Nick and Mike. They … small. Nick … 2 years old and Mike … 5. They … very funny. My mother’s name … Helen. She … 38 years old. She … a teacher. My father’s name … Peter. He … older than my mother, he … 45. He … a lawyer. He … very clever.
Exercise 4. Write sentences about yourself and about your friend. 1. (name?) 2. (from?) 3. (age?) 4. (job?) 5. (star sign?) 6. (favourite colour?)
7. (favourite book?)
8. (favourite film?)
Exercise 5. Translate the following expressions into English and make sentences with them.
1. быть голодным 2. хотеть пить 3. быть уверенным в чем-либо 4. быть неуверенным в чем-либо 5. интересоваться чем-либо 6. быть уставшим 7. быть радостным 8. уметь хорошо делать что-либо 9. бояться чего-либо 10. быть в порядке (OK) Exercise 6. Make sentences with the words from two columns.
ITEM 1.2. TO BE. (NEGATIVE SENTENCES) Exercise 1. Write the short form. 1I am not 3 it is not 5 he is not 7 they are not 2you are not 4 she is not 6 we are not 8 that is not
Exercise 2. Put in am not, are not or is not. 1. The weather … nice today. 2. That car … red. 3. I … very hungry. 4. This woman … my mother. 5. This task … difficult. 6. My friends … from Paris. 7. These exercises … difficult 8. This actor … very famous. 9. This magazine … interesting. 10. My dog… in the garden. 11. My sister and I … very good at tennis. 12. My parents … at home. 13. My father … a lawyer. 14. My friend’s name … Ann. 15. My nephews … students. 16. My sister … 23 years old. 17. My friend … a taxi driver. 18. These girls … from group. 19. My sister … a nurse. 20. This … my pen.
Exercise 3. Make this text negative. My name … Kate and I … a student. I … nineteen years old. I … from Moscow. I have two brothers: Nick and Mike. They … small. Nick … 2 years old and Mike … 5. They … very funny. My mother’s name … Helen. She … 38 years old. She … a teacher. My father’s name … Peter. He … older than my mother, he … 45. He … a lawyer. He … very clever.
ITEM 1.3. TO BE. (INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES) ITEM 1.4. TO BE. (EXPRESSIONS) Exercise 1. Translate the following expressions into English and make positive, negative and interrogative sentences with them. 1. быть голодным / моя сестра 2. хотеть пить/ дети 3. быть уверенным в чем-либо/ я 4. быть неуверенным в чем-либо/ мои родители 5. интересоваться чем-либо/ мой брат 6. быть уставшим/ мой друг 7. злиться на кошку/ наши друзья 8. быть радостным/ я и мой брат 9. уметь хорошо делать что-либо/ мои друзья 10. бояться чего-либо/ мой племянник 11. быть в порядке (OK)/ мои бабушка и дедушка 12. быть против чего-либо/ мои родители 13. быть за что-либо/ мой шеф
UNIT 2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS You don't have to use all the verbs and you can use a verb more than once. 1 The population of the world is rising very fast. 2 Ken is still ill but he……better slowly. 3 The world……Things never stay the same. 4 The cost of living……Every year things are more expensive. 5 The economic situation is already very bad and it……worse. ITEM 2.2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS. (NEGATIVE SENTENCES) Exercise 1. What aren’t you doing at the moment? Write 10 true sentences. ITEM 2.4. PRESENT CONTINUOUS. REVIEW.
Exercise 1. What’s happening at the moment? Write true sentences. 1 (it/ snow) It’s snowing. OR It isn’t snowing. 2 (I/ wash/ my hair) 3 (I/ sit/ on a chair) …… 4 (I/ eat) …… 5 (it/ rain)…… 6 (I/ learn/ English) …… 7 (I/ listen/ to music) …… 8 (the sun/ shine…… 9 (I/ wear/ shoes) …… 10 (I/ read/ a newspaper)……
UNIT3. PRESENT SIMPLE UNIT 5. DO/ MAKE Exercise 1. Put in make or do 1.an enquiry 2. an offer 3.a reguest 4. money 5. an appointment 6. a complaint 7. a decision 8. a forecast 9. progress 10. an effort 11. certain or sure 12. an application 13. a deal 14. an excuse 15. a profit or a loss 16. arrangements or plans 17. an apology 18. achoice 19. a mistake 20. a phone call 21. an attempt 22. а business trip 23. changes, or an improvement 24. business 25. a job 26. an exercise 27. good 28. the accounts 29. an experiment 30. well, or better 31. damage or harm 32. some work 33.homework 34. wrong 35. your duty 36. research 37. someone a favour 38. repairs 39. something to, or for, or with someone 40. something for a living e 9. a mistake r an improvement 8. a forecast Exercise 2. Put in make/making/made or do/doing/did/done. 1 'Shall I open the window?' 'No, it’s OK. I'll do it.' 2 What did you … at the weekend? Did you go away? 3 Do you know how to …bread? 4 Paper is … from wood. 5 Richard didn't help me. He sat in an armchair and … nothing. 6 'What do you …?' 'I'm a doctor.' 7 I asked you to clean the bathroom. Have you … it? 8 'What do they … in that factory?' 'Shoes.' 9 I'm … some coffee. Would you like some? 10 Why are you angry with me? I didn't … anything wrong. 11 'What are you … tomorrow afternoon?' 'I'm working.' Exercise 3. Put in make or do in the correct form. 1 I hate doing housework, especially cleaning. 2 Why do you always…… the same mistake? 3 'Can you……me a favour?' 'It depends what it is.' 4 'Have you……your homework?' 'Not yet.' 5 I need to see the dentist but I haven't……an appointment. 6 I'm……a course in photography at the moment. It's very good. 7 The last time I……an exam was ten years ago. 8 When you've finished Exercise 1, you can……Exercise 2. 9 There's something wrong with the car. The engine is……a strange noise. 10 It was a bad mistake. It was the worst mistake I've ever … 11 Let's……a list of all the things we have to……today. UNIT 6. HAVE AND HAVE GOT UNIT 7. FUTURE SIMPLE Exercise 1. Which is right? 1 2 'What will you do / are you doing tomorrow evening?' 'Nothing. I'm free.' 3 They'll go / They're going away tomorrow morning. Their train is at 8.40. 4 I'm sure she'll lend / she's lending us some money. She's very rich. 6 Do you think Claire will phone / is phoning us tonight? 7 Steve can't meet us on Saturday. He'll work / He's working. 8 Will / Shall you be at home tomorrow evening?
Exercise 2. Which is right? 1 2 I haven't done the shopping yet. I do / I'll do it later. 5 I like sport. I watch /I'll watch a lot of sport on TV 4 I need some exercise. I think I go / I'll go for a walk. 5 Jim is going to buy / will buy a new car. He told me last week. 6 'This letter is for Rose.' 'OK. I give / I'll give / I'm going to give it to her.' 7 A: Are you doing / Will you do anything this evening? B: Yes, I'm going / I'll go out with some friends.
UNIT 11. MODAL VERBS ITEM 11.4. HAVE TO Exercise 1. Complete the sentences. Use have to or has to + one of these verbs: do read speak wear travel 1 My eyes are not very good. I have to …… glasses. 2 At the end of the course all the students……a test. 3 Mary is studying literature. She……a lot of books. 4 Albert doesn't understand much English. You……very slowly to him. 5 Kate is not often at home. She……a lot in her job.
Exercise 2. Complete the sentences. Use have to or had to + one of these verbs: answer buy walk change go 1 We had to walk home last night. There were no buses. 2 It's late. I……now. I'll see you tomorrow. 3 I went to the supermarket after work yesterday. I……some food. 4 This train doesn't go all the way to London. You……at Bristol. 5 We did an exam yesterday. We……six questions out of ten.
UNIT 13. PAST SIMPLE. Exercise 3. Ask questions on the sentences from the previous exercise (unit 14 item 4 exercise 2 (A, B))
Exercise 2. Ask questions on the sentences from the previous exercise (unit 14 item 5 exercise 1 (A, B)) Exercise 3. Put in there will be. Some sentences are questions (will there be...?) and some are negative (there won’t be). 1. Do you think …… a lot of people at the party on Sunday? 2. The manager of the company is leaving, so …… a new manager soon. 3. I’m going away tomorrow. I’ll do my packing today because ……time tomorrow. 4. The weatherman says …… some rain tomorrow afternoon. 5. …… any interesting people at the exhibition? 6. If your parents come late …… free chairs for them – we are expecting a lot of people. 7. I think …… a lot of interesting films at the festival. 8. If they put a traffic light on the road …… less accidents. 9. …… a lot of new students in our group next year? 10. The teacher says …… a lot of new subjects next year.
UNIT 15. PAST CONTINUOUS. UNIT 16. PRESENT PERFECT. Exercise 3. Which is right? 1 Mark - is-/ has been in Canada since April. has been is right 2 Jane is a good friend of mine. I know / have known her very well. 3 Jane is a good friend of mine. I know / have known her for a long time. 4 'Sorry I'm late. How long are you / have you been waiting?' 'Not long. Only five minutes.' 6 Linda is reading the newspaper. She is / has been reading it for two hours. 7 "How long do you live / have you lived in this house?' 'About ten years.' 8 'Is that a new coat?' 'No, I have / I've had this coat for a long time.' 9 Tom is / has been in Spain at the moment. He is / has been there for the last three days. UNIT 18 TAG QUESTIONS Exercise 1.. Put a question tag on the end of these sentences.
UNIT 19 SPECIAL QUESTIONS UNIT 20 SEQUENCE OF TENSES Exercise 1. Read what these people say and write sentences with Не/She /They said (that).... 1. I've lost my watch. He said he had lost his watch. 2. I'm very busy. …… 3. I have to go out. …… 4. I can't go to the party …… 5. I'm learning Russian. …… 6. I don't feel very well. …… 7. We'll be home late. …… 8. I've just come back from holiday. …… 9. I'm going to buy a computer. …… 10. We haven't got a key. ……
UNIT 21 PASSIVE VOICE Exercise 1. Write sentences from the words in brackets (...). Sentences 1-7 are present. 1 (the office / clean / every day) The office is cleaned every day. 2 (these rooms / clean / every day?) Are these rooms cleaned every day? 3 ('glass / make / from sand) Glass …… 4 (stamps / sell / in a post office) …… 5 (this room / not / use / very often)…… 6 (we / allow / to park here?) …… 7 (how / this word / pronounce?) …… Sentences 8-15 are past.
8 (the office / clean / yesterday) The office was cleaned yesterday. 9 (the house / paint / last month) The house …… 10 (three people / injure / in the accident) …… 11 (my bicycle / steal / a few days ago) …… 12 (when / this bridge / build?) …… 13 (you / invite / to the party last week?) …… 14 (how / these windows / break?) …… 15 (I / not / wake up / by the noise) …… Exercise 2. Which is right? 1. If I'm / 2. Will you write to me if I give /I'll give you my address? 3. If there is /will be a fire, the alarm will ring. 4. If I don't see you tomorrow morning, I phone / I'll phone you in the evening. 5. I'm / I'll be surprised if Martin and Julia get / will get married. 6 Do you go / Will you go to the party if they invite / they'll invite y ou? ITEM 23.1. I WISH I KNEW UNIT 24. PERSONAL PRONOUNS UNIT 27. SOME OR ANY Exercise 3. Which is right? 1 I'm going to buy some new shoe / shoes. 2 Martin has got brown eye/eyes. 3 Paula has got short black hair/hairs. 4 The tourist guide gave us some information/informations about the town. 5 We're going to buy some new chair/chairs. 6 We're going to buy some new furniture/furnitures. 7 It's difficult to get a work/job at the moment. 8 We had lovely weather / a lovely weather when we were on holiday.
Exercise 4. Some of these sentences need a/an. Correct the sentences which are wrong. If the sentence is already correct, put 'right'. 1 Jim goes everywhere by bike. He hasn't got car. 2 Ann was listening to music when I arrived. 3 We went to very nice restaurant last weekend. 4 I clean my teeth with toothpaste. 5 I use toothbrush to clean my teeth. 6 Can you tell me if there's bank near here? 7 My brother works for insurance company in London. 8 I don't like violence. 9 Can you smell paint? 10 We need petrol. I hope we come to petrol station soon. 11 I wonder if you can help me. I have problem. 12 John has got interview for job tomorrow. 13 Liz doesn't usually wear jewellery but yesterday she was wearing necklace. 14 I think volleyball is very good game.
Exercise 5. Complete the sentences using one of the following words. Use a/an where necessary. biscuit blood coat decision electricity key music letter moment question sugar accident 1 It wasn't your fault. It was …... 2 Listen! Can you hear …...? 3 I couldn't get into the house because I didn't have…… 4 It's very warm today. Why are you wearing……? 5 Do you take……in your coffee? 6 Are you hungry? Would you like……with your coffee? 7 Our lives would be very difficult without…… 8 I didn't phone them. I wrote……instead…… 9 The heart pumps……through the body. 10 Excuse me, but can I ask you……? 11 I'm not ready yet. Can you wait……, please? 12 We can't delay much longer. We have to make……soon.
UNIT 30. ARTICLES Exercise1. Put in a/an or the. 1 We enjoyed our holiday. …… hotel was very nice. 2 'Can I ask... question?' 'Of course. What do you want to ask?' 3 My sister plays …… piano every day because she wants to become …… musician. 4 You look very tired. You need …… holiday. 5 'Where's Tom?' 'He's in …… bathroom.' 6 Jane is …… interesting person. You must meet her. 7 A: Excuse me, can you tell me how to get to ……city centre? B: Yes, go straight on and then take …… next turning left. 8 A: Shall we go out for …… meal this evening? B: Yes, that's …… good idea. 9 It's ……nice morning. Let's go for ……walk. 10 Amanda is ……student. When she finishes her studies, she wants to be …… journalist. She lives with two friends in …… flat near …… college where she is studying. …… flat is small but she likes it. 11 My sister has got two children, …… boy and …girl. …… boy is seven years old and …… girl is three. Her husband works in …… factory but she hasn't got …… job at the moment.
Exercise 2. Put in the where necessary. Write OK if the sentence is already correct. 1 What is name of this street? …… 2 What's on television tonight? … 3 Our apartment is on second floor. …… 4 Would you like to go to moon? …… 5 Which is best hotel in this town? …… 6 What time is lunch? …… 7 How far is it to city centre? …… 8 We're going away at end of May. …… 9 What are you doing next weekend? …… 10 I didn't like her first time I met her. …… 11 I'm going out after dinner…… 12 What's biggest city in world? …… 13 My sister got married last month. …… 14 My dictionary is on top shelf on right. …… 15 We live in country about five miles from nearest village. ……
Exercise 3. Complete these sentences. Choose from the list. Use the if necessary. capital police dinner lunch middle name sky television
1 We had ……at a restaurant last night. 2 We stayed at a very nice hotel but I don't remember…… 3 …… is very clear tonight. You can see all the stars. 4 Did you see the film on …… last night? 5 Somebody was trying to break into the shop so I called …… 6 Tokyo is …… of Japan. 7 'What did you have for……?' 'A salad.' 8 I woke up in …… of the night.
Exercise 4. Complete the sentences. Choose from the list. Use the if necessary. bank bed home post office school station church 1 I need some money. I must go to …… 2 David usually goes to …… on Sundays. 3 In Britain, children go to …… from the age of five. 4 There were a lot of people at ……waiting for the train. 5 I phoned you last night but you weren't at…… 6 I'm going to …… now. Goodnight! 7 I'm going to …… to get some stamps.
Exercise 5. Complete the sentences. Sometimes you need the. 1 If you want to catch a plane, you go to …… 2 If you want to see a film, you go to …… 3 If you are tired and you want to sleep, you go to …… 4 If you rob a bank and the police catch you, you go to …… 5 If you have a problem with your teeth, you go to …… 6 If you want to study after you leave school, you go to …… 7 If you are injured in an accident, you go to ……
Exercise 6. Put in the where necessary. Write OK if the sentence is complete. 1 We went to cinema last night. …… 2 I finish work at 5 o'clock every day. …… 3 Mary wasn't feeling well yesterday, so she went to doctor. …… 4 I wasn't feeling well this morning, so I stayed in bed. …… 5 Would you like to go to theatre this evening? …… 6Whyis Angela, always late for work? …… 7 Where are the children?' 'They're at school.' …… 8 We've got no money in bank …… 9 When I was younger, I went to church every Sunday. …… 10 What time do you usually get home from work? …… 11 Jim is ill. He's in hospital…… 12 Margaret takes her children to school every day. …… 13 Do you live far from city centre?......
Exercise 7. These are geography questions. Choose your answer from the box. Sometimes you need The.
1 ……is the capital of Egypt. 2 ……is between Africa and America. 3 ……is a country in northern Europe. 4 ……is a river in South America. 5 ……is the largest continent in the world. 6 ……is the largest ocean. 7 ……is a river in Europe. 8 ……is a country in East Africa. 9 ……is between Canada and Mexico. 10……are mountains in South America. 11……is the capital of Japan. 12……are mountains in central Europe. 13 ……is between Saudi Arabia and Africa. 14 ……is an island in the Mediterranean. 15 ……are a group of islands near Florida.
Exercise 8. Put in the where necessary. If the sentence is already correct, write OK. 1 Have you ever been to China? 2 Have you ever been to Philippines? 3 Have you ever been to south of France? 4 Can you tell me where Merrion Street is? 5 Can you tell me where Museum of Modern Art is? 6 Europe is bigger than Australia. 7 Belgium is smaller than Netherlands. 8 Which river is longer — Mississippi or Nile? 9 Did you go to National Gallery when you were in London? 10 How far is it from Trafalgar Square to Victoria Station (in London)? 11 Rocky Mountains are in North America. 12 Texas is famous for oil and cowboys. 13 Panama Canal joins Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean. 14 I hope to go to United States next year. 15 Mary comes from a small town in west of Ireland. 16 Alan studied physics at Manchester University.
UNIT 33. SUPERLATIVE Exercise 1. Complete the sentences. Use a superlative. 1 This building is very old. It's …… building in the town. 2 It was a very happy day. It was……of my life. 3 It's a very good film. It's……I've ever seen. 4 She's a very popular singer. She's……in the country. 5 It was a very bad mistake. It was……I've ever made. 6 It's a very pretty village. It's……I've ever seen. 7 It was a very cold day. It was……of the year. 8 He's a very boring person. He's……I've ever met.
UNIT 34. BELONINGS UNIT 35 PREPOSITONS Exercise 1.Write at/on/in.
Exercise 2.Write at/on/in. 1 Goodbye! See you …… Friday. 2 Where were you …… 28 February? 3 I got up …… 8 o'clock this morning. 4 I like getting up early …… the morning. 5 My sister got married …… May. 6 Diane and I first met …… 1979. 7 Did you go out …… Tuesday? 8 Did you go out …… Tuesday evening? 9 Do you often go out …… the evening? 10 Let's meet …… 7.30 tomorrow evening. 11 I often go away …… the weekend. 12 I'm starting my new job …… 3 July. 13 We often go to the beach …… summer. 14 George isn't here …… the moment. 15 Julia's birthday is …… January. 16 Do you work …… Saturdays? 17 The company started …… 1969. 18 I like to look at the stars …… night. 19 I'll send you the money …… the end of the month.
Exercise 3.Write sentences with in.... 1 It's 17.25 now. The train leaves at 17.30. The train leaves in five minutes. 2 It's Monday today. I'll phone you on Thursday. I'll …… days. 3 Today is 14 June. My exam is on 28 June. My …… 4 It's 3 o'clock now. Tom will be here at 3.30. Tom …… ADDITIONAL MATERIAL UNIT 38 BE USED/ GET USED TO DOING SMTH UNIT 40 USED TO DO UNIT 41 EVERY OR ALL Exercise 1. Complete the sentences. Use every + one of these words: day room 1 Every student in the class passed the exam. 2 My job is very boring..….is the same. 3 Kate is a very good tennis player. When we play, she wins...... 4......in the hotel has a private bathroom. 5 'Did you understand what she said?' 'Most of it but not......
UNIT 44 TRICKY WORDS Adhesion/adherence Both have a common verb "to adhere" which means to stick. Admission/admittance Admission means permission of entry. It can be physical: The admission of immigrants had to be restricted. To affect/to effect These two verbs are often mis-spelled, also in English-speaking countries. The reason may be that they have a common noun: effect. Amiable/amicable Although your Latin may be rusty these days, you probably still recognize that these two words must have something to do with friend. Beside/besides Beside refers to the physical situation, it means side by side, close to: He sat beside her. Still in a sense physical, but used figuratively are: Beside the point, meaning irrelevant, and the slightly old-fashioned expression: He was beside himself with rage, which indicates a really boiling temper. Blink/wink Both have something to do with the movement of the eyelids. Blush/flush When you are temporarily red in the face, it can be the result of either blush or flush. Emotion (embarrassment or shyness) makes you blush: When he complimented her on her first-class work, she blushed. Childish/childlike Childish is no compliment. It means immature: His reaction to their mild letter of complaint was very childish. (He sulked for months.) Contents/content Contents is what you find in some form of container: the contents of a bottle, bag, box, book, and so on. Make sure you use the plural. In other languages you use the singular. Continuous/continual Continuous means without interruption, all the time, non-stop: There is a continuous performance from four to eleven. Customer/client A customer buys goods and pays a price. Definite/definitive Definite means certain, clearly defined: Their arrival time is now definite. Department/division In one of your idle moments - perhaps when sitting at your desk in the office this morning - you may have been wondering whether there is any difference between these two words. Distinct/distinctive Distinct is clear: a distinct difference, distinct outline, distinct advantage. Distinctive means being different from something else. You may need a distinctive trademark, distinctive design, distinctive slogan, i.e. something that stands out, something that people recognize because it is striking. Eatable/edible Eatable means that something is of a quality suitable for eating. As comment on somebody's standard of cooking it expresses a very low degree of enthusiasm: 16 How did you like her dinner? Well, it was eatable… Edible means suitable for human consumption, because the food contains nothing that will poison you. Illustrated books will enlighten you on edible and inedible mushrooms, for example. Economic/economical Economic refers to the science of economics. You can have economic factors, an economic return on investment, an economic business. People can never be called economic. Efficient/proficient Efficient is competent, well organized. It can be applied to people or things: Egoist/egotist The extra 't' makes a considerable difference, although both people are not wildly attractive characters. An egoist is the same kind of person you have in other languages; someone who thinks only of himself; someone who is selfish. An egotist (remember that 't' to denote talking) is a person who talks a lot about himself. Electric/electrical Electric describes individual products that are in some way actuated by electricity: Error/mistake The difference between the two is not enormous, but error is usually less serious than mistake. Every/each Here is something for the connoisseur. Every applies to an unspecified number of objects. Each is usually better when the number of objects is known or small. Examples: Exceptional/exceptionable Exceptional is, of course, something that is an exception, unusual, abnormal: Fast/quick These two are not completely interchangeable. Fast refers to speed of movement or action: Farther/further Good news! Further can now safely be used in place of farther although there is a difference according to the dictionary. Farther is the comparative of far and thus relates to physical distance: Historic/historical Historic refers to something important that is or will be remembered in history, recorded by history: a historic meeting, historic decision, historic voyage, historic landmark, etc. Historical is the adjective for all other purposes when you mean to do with history: a historical play, historical novel, historical costumes, etc. Human/humane Human is the more frequent adjective when referring to matters concerning homo sapiens: human habitation, human failings, human ancestry, etc. Humane means benevolent, compassionate: humane treatment is decent treatment. In future/in the future In future means from now on, starting now: All goods will in future be sent by our own transport. Imply/infer Many people think that these two mean the same thing. There is a difference worth remembering. Incredible/incredulous Both have something to do with believe, as anyone will tell you who has ever battled with Latin. Insulated/isolated English has two words, where other languages only have one. Insulated is the technical word: protected against electricity, heat or cold. Isolated is the general adjective. It is used for anything that is separated, kept apart: When the tide rose, he found himself isolated on a tiny rock. Last/latest Last denotes final or most recent. This can be confusing: her last book can mean that she never wrote any others or that it is her most recent literary effort. Latest makes the position quite clear; it means the most recent of several, leaving open the possibility of more to come: our latest model, their latest publication, her latest hairstyle. Less/fewer An interesting pair. Less is followed by a noun in the singular and is used when referring to extent, degree, and quantity in bulk. Fewer is followed by a noun in the plural and refers to quantity in terms of units. A few examples: less milk; fewer bottles; less help; fewer assistants; less money; fewer pesetas; less expense; Libel/slander Both mean the same: making false, damaging statements; telling lies about a person or company. Lie/lay These two are often mixed up in English-speaking countries, mainly in the past tense. Long/lengthy These two often mean the same, except when referring to something you have to read or listen to, when lengthy can imply that you were bored: Much/many In the same way as less and fewer, much applies to bulk, mass, an unspecified quantity. Many are objects you can count: Murder/assassinate The difference is simple: you and I are murdered. Statesmen and other important people are assassinated. Offer/quotation An offer is more general. It can be verbal or in writing. It is often applied to bulk goods with a variable price: We are interested in an offer for 250 tonnes of prime bleached sulphite pulp. The American unit of weight is still called ton. Official/officious No problem with the adjective official, which means the same as in other languages: properly authorized. Officious describes a person who is over-keen to give service, who rushes around and upsets people. The best noun would be busybody. An officious waiter can ruin your carefully planned business lunch, if your guest becomes irritated and is in no mood to discuss the proposed contract. Older/elder Older is the general-purpose comparative form of old: old - older -oldest. Elder and eldest refer to family members and are always attributive adjectives: my elder brother, my eldest sister. You cannot say my brother is elder than I. On time/in time On time means punctual: The train is on time.
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