Косвенная речь (Indirect speech)

 

Косвенная речь
I am an engineer. I work at a plant. In the evening I study English.
He said He told me He added	that	he was an engineer and worked at a plant. that he studied English in the evening.
I saw my friend yesterday.
He said He told me	that	he had seen his friend the day be­fore.
We lived in Rome two years ago. My father worked there.
He said He told me	that	they had lived in Rome two years be­fore and explained that his father had worked there.
I shall tell you about it tomorrow.
He said He told me	that	he would tell me about it the next day.

 

При переводе предложений в косвенную речь не забывайте

заменять обстоятельства времени:

 

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
today yesterday tomorrow ago this these here last year last month last … next…	that day the day before... the next day before that those there the year before the month before the…before the following

 

Повелительные предложения в косвенной речи
Keep quiet! Don't make noise!
He told me He asked me	to keep quiet and not to make noise.

Упражнения

 

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление времен в русском и английском языках:

 

1. We did not know where our friends went every evening. 2. We did not know where our friends had gone. 3. She said that her best friend was a doctor. 4. She said that her best friend had been a doctor. 5. I didn't know that you worked at the Hermitage. 6. I didn't know that you had worked at the Her­mitage. 7. I knew that you were ill. 8. I knew that you had been ill. 9. We found that she left home at eight o'clock every morning. 10.We found that she had left home at eight o'clock that morning. 11. When he learnt that his son always received excellent marks in all the subjects at school, he was very pleased. 12. When he learnt that his son had re­ceived an excellent mark in Mathematics at school, he was very pleased.

 

Упражнение 2. Перепишите следующие предложения в прошед­шем времени. Обратите внимание на зависимость времени придаточного дополнительного предложе­ния от времени главного:

 

1. My uncle says he has just come back from the Caucasus. 2. He says he has spent a fortnight in the Caucasus. 3. He says it did him a lot of good. 4. She says she feels better now. 5. He says his wife and he spent most of their time on the beach. 6. Ann says they did a lot of sightseeing. 7. Tom says he has a good camera. 8. He says he took many photographs while travelling in the Caucasus. 9. My aunt says she will come to see us next Sunday. 10.The journalist says he will bring and show us the photographs he took during his stay in the Caucasus.

 

Упражнение 3. Перепишите следующие предложения в прошед­шем времени. Обратите внимание на зависимость времени придаточного дополнительного предложе­ния от времени главного:

1. Mike says he is sure Ann and Kate will be excellent guides. 2. The teacher says they have made good progress in English. 3. Oleg says that in a day or two several English students will come to pay a visit to their school and he will probably have to act as an interpreter. 4. Ann says she has just met Boris in the street. 5. She says Boris told her a lot of interesting things about his travel in the south. 6. Nick says he is going to the hotel to see his friends, who have just arrived in St. Peters­burg from the United States of America. 7. Victor says they have not been here for a long time. 8. He says they were friends at school. 9. Klara says she will take them to the theatre on Sunday. 10. My parents say they will write me a letter when they return home.

Упражнение 4. Раскройте скобки, выбирая требующееся время глагола:

 

1. My friend asked me who (is playing, was play­ing) the piano in the sitting room. 2. He said he (will come, would come) to the station to see me off. 3. I was sure he (posted, had posted) the letter. 4. I think the weather (will be, would be) fine next week. I hope it (will not change, would not change) for the worse. 5. I knew that he (is, was) a very clev­er man. 6. I want to know what he (has bought, had bought) for her birthday. 7. I asked my sister to tell me what she (has seen, had seen) at the museum. 8. He said he (is staying, was staying) at the Ritz Hotel. 9. They realized that they (lost, had lost) their way in the dark. 10. He asked me where I (study, studied). 11. I thought that I (shall finish, should finish) my work at that time. 12. He says he (works, worked) at school two years ago. 13.Victor said he (is, was) very busy.

 

Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющемся времени:

 

1.I knew they (to wait) for me at the metro sta­tion and I decided to hurry. 2. I didn't know that you already (to wind) up the clock. 3. I was afraid that the little girl (not to be) able to unlock the front door and (to go) upstairs to help her. 4. He says that he (to know) the laws of the country. 5. Sarra un­derstood why Lanny (not to come) the previous evening. 6. She asked me whether I (to remember) the legend about a faithful lion. 7. Oleg K. understood that the soldiers (to arrest) his friends. 8. He could not understand why people (not to want) to take water from that well. 9. I suppose they (to send) a dog af­ter the burglar immediately. 10. He said he (to leave) tomorrow morning. 11. She says she already (to find) the book. 12. The man stopped and listened: the clock (to strike) five. 13. She said she (can) not tell me the right time, her watch (to be) wrong. 14. I asked my neighbour if he ever (to travel) by air before. 15. The policeman asked George where he (to run) so early. 16. The delegates were told that the guide just (to go) out and (to be) back in ten minutes.

Упражнение 6. Употребите следующие предложения как прида­точные дополнительные. Предложения, данные в скобках, используйте в роли главных.

 

1. You will fall and break your leg. (I was afraid) 2. My friend has never been to Washington. (I knew) 3. She never drinks milk. (I was told) 4. He is a very talented singer. (We were told) 5. They live a hap­py life. (We knew) 6. The children are playing in the yard. (She thought) 7. Her friend will come to see her. (She hoped) 8. Father has repaired his bicycle. (He thought) 9. Our football team will win the game. (We were sure) 10. He dances better than anybody else (I was told) 11. My father has received a very interesting offer from his firm. (I learnt) 12. He is painting a new picture. (We heard)

 

 

Упражнение 7. Переведите на английский язык, соблюдая правило согласования времен:

 

1. Он сказал мне вчера, что раньше он учился в университете. 2. Все были уверены, что Борис хорошо сдаст экзамены. 3. Я знала, что она очень занята. 4. Он сказал, что бросит курить. 5. Все знали, что она поедет в Рим. 6. Простите, мы не думали, что вы ждете нас. 7. Я не знал, что вы тоже любите футбол. 8. Я был уверен, что он будет выдающимся артистом. 9. Я боялся, что вы не последуете моему совету. 10. Я не знал, что ты будешь работать в читаль­ном зале. 11. Я думал, что он подождет меня. 12.Он боялся, что ему будет трудно сделать док­лад. 13.Он сказал нам, что когда он вошел в ком­нату, его друг уже сидел на диване. Он читал газе­ту. 14.Мы надеялись, что она скоро придет. 15.Он сказал, что не знает, когда начнется кон­ференция. 16. Я был уверен, что если мы поспе­шим, мы не опоздаем на поезд. 17.Он спросил меня, что я буду делать вечером. Я ответил, что не знаю, буду ли я свободен вечером, но сказал, что если буду свободен, то позвоню ему часов в восемь.

Упражнение 8. Передайте следующие повелительные предложе­ния в косвенной речи:

 

1. "Explain to me how to solve this problem," said my friend to me. 2. The doctor said to Nick, "Open your mouth and show me your tongue." 3. "Don't be afraid of my dog," said the man to Kate. 4. "Take this book and read it," said the librarian to the boy. 5. The doctor said to Pete, "Don't go for a walk to­day." 6. "Don't eat too much ice cream," said Nick's mother to him. 7. "Go home," said the teacher to us. 8. "Buy some meat in the shop," said my mother to me. 9. "Sit down at the table and do your home­work," said my mother to me. 10. "Don't forget to clean your teeth," said granny to Helen. 11."Don't sit up late," said the doctor to Mary.

Упражнение 9. Передайте следующие повелительные предложе­ния в косвенной речи:

 

1. The teacher said to me, "Hand this note to your parents, please." 2. Oleg said to his sister, "Put the letter into an envelope and give it to Kate." 3. "Please help me with this work, Henry," said Rob­ert. 4. "Please bring me some fish soup," he said to the waitress. 5. "Don't worry over such a small thing," she said to me. 6. "Please don't mention it to anybody," Mary said to her friend. 7. "Promise to come and see me," said Jane to Alice. 8. He said to us, "Come here tomorrow." 9. I said to Mike, "Send me a telegram as soon as you arrive." 10.Fa­ther said to me, "Don't stay there long." 11. Peter said to them, "Don't leave the room until I come back." 12. "Take my luggage to Room 145," he said to the porter. 13. He said to me, "Ring me up to­morrow." 14. "Bring me a cup of black coffee," she said to the waiter. 15. "Don't be late for dinner," said mother to us. 16.Jane said to us, "Please tell me all you know about it." 17. She said to Nick, "Please don't say anything about it to your sister."

Упражнение 10. Передайте следующие повествовательные пред­ложения в косвенной речи:

 

1. Oleg said, "My room is on the second floor." 2. He said, "I am sure she will ring me up when she is back in St. Petersburg." 3. Misha said, "I saw them at my parents' house last year." 4. He said, "I haven't seen my cousin today." 5. "I don't go to this shop very often," she said. 6. Tom said, "I have already had breakfast, so I am not hungry." 7. He said, "I have just received a letter from my uncle." 8. "I am going to the theatre tonight," he said to me. 9. Mike said, "I spoke to Mr. Brown this morning." 10. He said to her, "I shall do it today if I have time." 11. I said to them, "I can give you my uncle's address."

Упражнение 11. Передайте следующие повествовательные пред­ложения в косвенной речи:

1. The woman said to her son, "I am glad I am here." 2. Mike said, "We have bought these books today." 3. She said to me, "Now I can read your translation." 4. "This man spoke to me on the road," said the woman. 5. "I can't explain this rule to you," said my classmate to me. 6. The teacher said to the class, "We shall discuss this subject tomorrow." 7. Our teacher said, "Thackeray's novels are very interesting." 8. She said, "You will read this book in the 9th form." 9. Nellie said, "I read 'Jane Eyre' last year." 10. "My friend lives in Moscow," said Alec. 11. "You have not done your work well," said the teacher to me. 12. The poor man said to the rich man, "My horse is wild. It can kill your horse." 13. The rich man said to the judge, "This man's horse has killed my horse."

 

Упражнение 12. Передайте следующие повествовательные пред­ложения в косвенной речи:

1. Masha said, "I usually spend my holidays in the south." 2. She said, "I spent my holidays in the Crimea last year." 3. Boris said, "I go to the south every year." 4. He said, "I am going to a health re­sort tomorrow." 5. Ann said to us, "They haven't come yet." 6. She said to us, "They arrived in St. Petersburg yesterday." 7. I said, "I have been in London for a fortnight's holiday. My friends in Lon­don sometimes invite me to spend my leisure time with them." 8. Nick said, "I have never been to Lon­don. I think I shall go there next year." 9. He said, "I shall not stay with my friends too long." 10. He said to me, "They are staying at the Grand Hotel Europe." 11. He said, "They are leaving next Mon­day." 12. The clerk said to them, "You can leave the key with the maid upstairs."

Упражнение 13. Передайте следующие повествовательные пред­ложения в косвенной речи:

1. The mother said, "The children are in the nur­sery, doctor." 2. "I have no time for lunch today," said the boy to his mother. 3. "You speak English very well," said the woman to me. 4. My brother said to me, "I am going to become a doctor." 5. My uncle said to us, "I buy several newspapers every day." 6. The teacher said to the pupils, "Next year we shall have six hours of English a week." 7. He said to me, "I want to see you today." 8. She said, "I am free tonight". 9. Mother said to me, "I feel bad today." 10. The pupil said to the teacher, "I can do my homework after dinner." 11. The teacher said to Jack, "You work hard, I know. You are a good boy." 12. The old man said to the girl, "You can sing per­fectly. I think you will be a famous singer." 13. My sister said to me, "You look very well, much better than you looked yesterday. I think you have recov­ered after your illness." 14. "You are an excellent cook. Everything is so tasty," said my guest to me. 15. The student said, "I can't answer this question. I don't understand it."

Упражнение 14. Передайте следующие повествовательные пред­ложения в косвенной речи. Употребляйте любое су­ществительное или местоимение в роли подлежаще­го главного предложения:

1. I shall come as soon as I am ready. 2. You will know that I have gone to the concert if I am not at home by eight. 3. I'll come to the Philharmonic with you if you get tickets. 4. Five years ago there were no people living here at all. 5. I shall go skiing on Sunday if I have time. 6. They finished building this house only last week. 7. It will be so pleasant when Tom comes home. 8. I shall do it now if you like. 9. My brother was here today. 10.It's a pity you didn't come earlier. 11. There will be an interesting lecture at the school assembly hall tomorrow. One of our teachers will speak about Charles Dickens. 12.Last year I spent my summer vacation in the Caucasus. 13. I came to live in this town several years ago. 14. I'll be reading you a story until it is time to go to bed. 15. I have read all about it in today's newspaper.