Упражнение 4. Опишите, что вы или ваши члены семьи собираетесь делать в следующий выходной день.

Упражнение 5. Поставьте глаголы в правильную форму - Indefinite или Continuous:

1. I (to think) of what he (to tell) me tomorrow. 2. He (to think) he (to remember) his brother-in-law. 3. The doctor (to see) a patient when we (to call) on him. 4. The coffee (to taste) wonderful. 5. They (to have) a new car. I (to think) they (to have) a good time now. 6. Why you (to smell) the flowers? - They (not to look) fresh and they (not to smell) fresh. 7. My sister (to taste) the cake. She (to say) it (to taste) delicious. 8. Why you (to look) at me? - Because you (to look) very much like my sister. 9. I (to feel) much better today. 10. This sweater (to feel) very soft and warm.

Упражнение 6. Образуйте четыре типа вопросительных предло­жений:

Образец: The boy is crying.

- Is the boy crying?

- Is the boy crying or laughing?

- Who is crying? - What is the boy doing?

- The boy is crying, isn't he?

1. The children are reading an interesting book. 2. The bus is going to Brest. 3. We were waiting for our friends. 4. Pete was hurrying to the theatre. 5. You will be work­ing at the report. 6. We shall be watching football match on Saturday night. 7. My son will be learning the poem in the evening.

Упражнение 7. Поставьте вопросы и ответьте на них по образ­цу. Выразите действие как длительное:

Clean the room.

What are you doing? - I am cleaning the room now.

What were you doing? - I was cleaning the room this morning.

What will you be doing? - I will be cleaning the room on Saturday.

 

1. Go home. 2. Eat the soup. 3. Do your homework. 4. Learn the rule. 5. Speak English. 6. Lay the table. 7. Press your clothes. 8. Spell the word. 9. Open the book. 10. Read the text.

Упражнение 8. Раскройте скобки, употребив нужную видо-временную форму глагола:

1. My teacher (speak) over the telephone now. 2. Where is Ann? - She (play) tennis. 3. Please, don't make so much noise. Father (work) in the study. 4. Don't disturb me. I (watch) a war movie. 5. We (ski) the whole day tomorrow. 6. What you (discuss) at the meeting at 5 o’clock? 7. When I come to the party all guests (have dinner) 8. I (learn) English the whole day tomorrow. I am having my exams soon. 9. Kate will come from school at 2 o’ clock. While Kate (wash up) Ann (to make) sandwiches. 10. While my mother will be cooking dinner I (lay) the table.

 

Упражнение 9. Ответьте на вопросы о планируемых действиях. Используйте Present Continuous для обозначения запланированных действий в будущем.

Образец: What are you doing tonight? I'm going to the cinema.

 

А) 1. What time is your mother arriving home tomorrow? 2. Are you meeting her at the station or at the bus stop? 3. Is your brother getting married next month? 4. What time are you leaving home tomorrow? 5. Are you going to the dentist on Monday or on Tuesday? 6. Are you having dinner at home or at your friend's tomorrow?

 

B) 1. Are you going to see a film on television tonight? 2. Are you going to clean the windows in your room? 3. Is it going to rain now? 4. Who are you going to invite to your birthday party? 5. Is your father going to give up smoking? 6. What are you going to cook for dinner today?

Упражнение 10. Поставьте глаголы в правильную видовременную форму Indefinite или Continuous:

A) 1. How time (to fly)! At this time yesterday we (to swim) in the Black Sea. 2. While I (to work) in the garden I (to hurt) my back. 3. Last time I (to see) Jim he (to sit) in the park alone. 4. Nancy (to have) a bath when the phone (to ring). 5. What you usually (to do) after dinner? 6. We (to stay) at home the whole evening. 7. Where you (to hurry)? - I (to be) afraid I (to be) late. The show (to begin) in five minutes.8. Where you (to buy) this hat? 9. Tom (to see) an accident when he (to wait) for the bus. 10. You (to understand) what I (to say)? 11 What you (to do) here? - I (to look) for a job. 12.What we (to do) if nobody (to meet) us at the station? 13. "What you (to do) the whole summer?" asked the aunt. 14. Tom (to be) ill. He (to run) a high temperature and (to have) an awful headache. When he (to come) home last night he (to shiver) with cold and (to cough). We (to call) for the doctor. He (to stay) in bed for a day or two I (to think).

B) 15. Susan (to be) in love with Peter. They (to get married) in May. When they (to be) married they (to have) a honeymoon trip to Hawaii. She (to say) she (to be) the happiest woman in the world. 16. The weather (not to seem) very good today. We (to hope) it (to change) for the better soon. Anyway if it (to stop) raining we (to be able) to go on a trip. 17. Yesterday I (to take) my children to the Zoo. They (to have) a good time. While they (to run) about and (to watch) different animals which they (to see) for the first time in their lives I (to take) pictures of them. I can imagine what fun they (to have) when they (to see) these pictures later. 18. Hello! (to be) Jane in? Jane (to speak). Who (to call)? - I (to be) Josef. We (to have) a date last night. Why you (not to come)? - I’m sorry, I was busy. I (to copy) some papers for my boss. He (to ask) me and I couldn't refuse. - Oh, I (to see). I (to call) you up tomorrow. 19. I know they (to leave) for Italy on Monday. - I (not to know) when they (to come back), but they (to send) us a telegram as soon as they (to get) the tickets.

Упражнение 11. Переведите на английский язык, употребляйте правильные времена глаголов:

А). 1. Когда я переходила улицу в неположенном мес­те, меня остановил милиционер. 2. Поторапливайтесь! Автобус отправляется через пять минут, они не будут нас ждать. З. Чем ты занималась, пока я делала уборку? 4. Что вы делали вчера в это время? 5. - Кто из вас ждет меня? - Я. 6. Кто-то стучит, откройте дверь. 7. Моя ма­ма чувствует себя намного лучше. 8. Мы встретились на улице. Она ждала кого-то. Шел дождь, она стояла под зонтиком и смотрела на часы. 9. Я буду ждать тебя у входа в театр. 10. Я работала в саду, когда началась гро­за. 11. Что ты наденешь на вечеринку? 12. Я говорю не слишком громко? 13. Машина ехала на большой ско­рости, поэтому мы не могли разглядеть номер. 14. Я просматривала старые фотографии и обнаружила это письмо. 15. Когда я вошла, она с кем-то разговаривала по телефону. 16. Я слушаю музыку, когда делаю уроки.

 

В). 1. Сегодня мы идем в Большой театр на балет. 2. Ка­кие экзамены вы сдаете в конце первого курса? 3. Мне кажется, мы едем не в ту сторону. 4. Ты будешь делать это, когда я буду готовить обед. 5. - Что ты слушаешь? - Новости на английском языке. 6. Что ты слушаешь ее, она всегда жалуется. 7. - Кому ты звонишь? - Ни­кому. Я набираю 100, чтобы узнать время. 8. Они поже­нятся в мае и уедут в свадебное путешествие. Я подарю им новый автомобиль. 9. Посмотри на небо: темнеет, скоро пойдет дождь. Мы успеем укрыться, если побе­жим. 10. Мы ожидаем их приезд со дня на день. 11. Не беспокойтесь. Она присмотрит за вашим ребен­ком, пока вас не будет. 12. У них экскурсия по городу. Они сейчас осматривают достопримечательности Па­рижа. 13. Ты пойдешь к ней на день рождения? Что ты ей подаришь? 14. Она все время задает глупые вопросы. 15. Могу себе представить, как они хорошо проводят вре­мя на берегу моря. 16. Она шла наощупь по темному ко­ридору. 17. Эти духи пахнут осенью. 18. Я нюхаю розы и вспоминаю огромные плантации роз в Крыму.

 

Времена группы Perfect

Perfect	Present	have has	asked	just, ever, never, yet, already, today, this year for, since
Past	had	asked	by 3 o'clock yesterday
Future	will (shall) have	asked	by 3 o'clock tomorrow

The Present Perfect Tense

Употребление

1. Для выражения действия, завершившегося к моменту речи. Время действия не указывается, важен сам факт совершения действия к настоящему моменту или его результат.

She has read this book. Она прочитала эту книгу. (Действие завершено к моменту речи.)

В этом значении Present Perfect часто употребляется с наречиями just - только что, already - уже, yet - ещё, lately - недавно, of late - в последнее время, recently - недавно.

The mail has just come. Почта только что пришла.
He has seen many films lately. В последнее время он посмотрел много фильмов.

2. Для выражения действия, которое завершилось, но тот период, в котором оно происходило, ещё продолжается и может быть обозначен обстоятельствами времени today - сегодня, this week - на этой неделе, this month - в этом месяце, this century - в нашем веке и др.

I have written a letter this morning. Я написал письмо сегодня утром.

3. Для выражения действия, которое началось в прошлом и продолжается до настоящего времени.

I have known him all my life. Я знаю его всю жизнь.
I have known him for 2 years. Я знаю его 2 года.
He has not seen his parents since January. Он не видел своих родителей с января.

Present Perfect может употребляться с наречиями, обозначающими частотность действия или выражающими неопределенность времени действия, которые также употребляются со всей группой времен Indefinite. Это наречия: always - всегда, often - часто, seldom - редко, ever - когда-нибудь, never – никогда, hardly ever – почти никогда. Место наречий: после вспомогательного глагола have перед смысловым глаголом.

She has never been to London. Она никогда не была в Лондоне.
Have you ever been to Moscow? Вы когда-нибудь были в Москве?

Образование

Present Perfect образуется при помощи глагола to have в Present Indefinite и Participle II (Причастия II) смыслового глагола.

Утвердительная форма	Отрицательная форма	Вопросительная форма
I, we, you, they	have seen	I, we, you, they	have not seen	Have I (we, you, they) seen?
He, she, it	has seen	He, she, it	has not seen	Has he (she, it) seen?

I have = I've
He has = He's
I have not = I haven't
He has not = He hasn't

Упражнения

Упражнение 1. Напишите три формы неправильных глаголов:

to be, to become, to begin, to blow, to break, to bring, to buy, to come, to catch, to choose, to do, to drink, to drive, to eat, to fall, to feel, to forget, to give, to go, to grow, to hear, to keep, to know, to leave, to lose, to make, to meet, to pay, to read, to rise, to run, to see, to send, to show, to sit, to sleep, to stand, to strike, to take, to teach, to think, to wake, to win, to write.

Упражнение 2. Прочитайте вопросы и дайте краткие ответы:

A.

Образец: - Have you brought my book?

- Yes, I have, (No, I haven't.)

- Has he brought your book?

- Yes, he has. (No, he hasn’t (yet).)

1. Have you seen the new film? 2. Have you read my letter? 3. Have you passed your English exam? 4. Has he phoned her today? 5. Has she sent them a telegram? 6. Has the weather been rainy the whole month? 7. Have they read the novel in the original? 8. Have they moved in? 9. Have you had your lunch yet? 10. Has he completed his course yet? 11. Have you ever been to London? 12. Have you ever been to the Hermitage? 13. Has your father had his holiday this year? 14. Has the train left?

 

B. Дайте полные ответы на вопросы:

1. How long have you worked here? 2. How long has he known her? 3. Since when has she lived in St. Petersburg? 4. What novels have you read this year? 5. What transport have you used today? 6. How long have you been a student? 7. What newspapers have you looked through? 8. What literature have you used for your report? 9. What wrong has he done to you? 10. What birthday present has he given you? 11. How long have they been married? 12. Since what time has the film been on? 13. Since what time haven't you heard from your sister? 14. Since what age have you been able to walk?

Упражнение 3. Заполните пропуски, используя предлоги for, since:

1. He has forgotten his Spanish... he left Cuba. 2. What have you done... I last saw you? 3. I haven't seen him... ages. 4. It has rained... Monday. 5. I have known him... childhood. 6. I've known him... years. 7. How long have you been here? - I've been here... two months... last May. 8. How long have you studied Chinese? -... five years... I was eighteen. 9. How long have you been in the library?- I've been here... ten o'clock... three hours. 10. Peter is hungry because he has had nothing to eat... five hours... morning. 11. They have been here... an hour. 12. It's been foggy... a fortnight. 13.... when has he been in love?

Упражнение 4. Поставьте наречия на свое место:

1. (ever) Have you travelled? 2. (always) She has been a bright student. 3. (never) We have seen a flying saucer. 4. (just) They have had a walk in the park. 5. (yet) Have you finished your homework? 6. (always) I have wanted to meet your parents. 7. (yet) She hasn't sent a telegram. 8. (lately) Have you heard from Mary? 9. (long) He has studied the subject. 10. (ever) Has your sister had any troubles with her son?

Упражнение 5. Составьте рассказ “Mary’s day off” в Present Perfect, употребляя данные словосочетания. Начните рассказ с предложения: Mary has had a day off today.

to clean the windows, to sweep the floor, to dust the furniture, to water the flowers, to wash up the dishes, to go shopping, to buy some food, to pick up the linen from the laundry, to iron clothes, to sew some buttons on the kids' jackets, to cook dinner, to bake a cake, to make coffee, to take the dog for a walk, to meet the children from school, to have a busy day.

(- to finish the story say if Marry has had a good rest on her day off)

Упражнение 6. Дайте ответы на вопросы, используя Present Perfect. В ответах используйте фразы, данные внизу:

Образец: Why is she happy? (to win a lottery) - She has won a lottery.

 

1. Why is your father so angry? 2. Why is she tired? 3. Why do you look so unhappy? 4. Why are the students laughing? 5. Why is Susan crying? 6. Why is she staying in bed? 7. Why does he stay home? 8. Why is Peter late? 9. Why aren't you singing? 10. Why is she so sad? 11. Why is he dead?

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to put on his best tie, to have a lot of work, to fail at the exam, to hear a joke, to lose one's money, to fall, to break his leg, to oversleep, to lose one's voice, to hear bad news, to take poison.

Упражнение 7. Составьте предложения в Present Perfect, как показано в примере:

 

Образец: I amvery tired (to work). — I have worked hard.

 

1. She can speak English (to learn). 2. He can share his impressions about the film (to see). 3. I know the contents of the letter (to read). 4. I like her husband (to meet). 5. They may come to the party (to return). 6. Ann isn't here (to leave). 7. I am going to wear a new blouse tonight (to buy). 8. She blows the truth (to tell). 9. They can tell us a lot about London (to visit). 10. I know how to get there (to be). 11. She looks fresh (to have a rest). 12. I have no money (to spend). 13. Sue is looking for her gloves (to lose). 14. Bill can't play football (to break).

Упражнение 8. Используйте Present Perfect или Present Indefinite:

1. Helen (to be) sick since last week. She (to miss) her grammar test. 2. He (to read) a lot and (to know) a lot. 3. Bob's parents usually (to stay) in the country the whole summer. 4. We (to stay) here for a month, and it (to rain) almost every day. 5. You (to be) at home in the evenings? 6. I (to be) here ever since morning. 7. He (to receive) letters from her every week. 8. He (not to receive) letters from her since last year. 9. Is it the first time he (to see) a tiger? 10. That's the third time I (to phone) her today. 11. How long you (to know) each other? 12. I hardly (to hear) anything from her since that time. 13. It long (to be) my dream to visit Canada. 14. She (to dream) of becoming an actress. 15. Normally I (to have) breakfast at 8 in the morning. 16. I (to have) just my breakfast.

 

Упражнение 9. Переведите первую часть предложения, используя данные обстоятельства времени. Используйте Present Indefinite или Present Perfect:

1. Мы живем в Москве	now since I960
2. Я изучаю английский	twice a week since childhood
3. Он работает на фирме	three days a week for two years
4. Они ходят в этот магазин	every Saturday since they moved here
5. Мы встречаемся друг с другом	sometimes for many years
6. Я знаю этого человека	now since we went to school
7. Я здесь	every day since 9 o'clock
8. Он играет в футбол	once a week since early childhood
9. Он может водить автомобиль	now since he got the driving license
10.Они получают от него письма	regularly since last spring

 

Упражнение 10. Заполните пропуски соответствующими словами и выражениями по правилам Present Perfect или Past Simple:

long ago, for a long time, last time, in the last few years, lately, late in spring, this year, last year, just, just now, for three years, three years ago.

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1. When did you... go to the Bolshoi Theatre? 2. I haven't had a holiday.... 3. They got married.... 4. How often have you visited Canada...? 5. He graduated from the university.... 6. She has... left. 7. It happened.... 8. I saw her in the corridor.... 9. This team hasn't won a game.... 10. They started making the film.... 11. He has learned Latin.... 12.... I saw him he was leaving for London. 13. It has... been my dream to see Paris. 14. We have worked together....

 

Упражнение 11. Используйте Past Indefinite or Present Perfect:

A). 1. When you (to go) to the cinema last? - I'm afraid I (not to be) to the cinema for a few months. 2. I (to make) a report at the seminar on Monday. You (to make) your report yet? 3. Anybody (to see) her today? - Yes, I (to see) her an hour ago. 4. Let's go home, it (to grow) dark. 5. It (to be) dark when we (to come) home. 6. You ever (to see) any plays by Alby? - Yes, I (to see) one last week. 7. Your brother (to graduate) from the University? - Yes, he (to graduate) in May. 8. I (to pass) my last examination. 9. I (to pass) my English exam last week. 10. Moscow (to change) greatly for the last few years. 11. They (to live) in Canada for a few years and then (to move) to Australia.

B). 1. "You (to make) good progress in your English lately," said the teacher. 2. It (to rain) every weekend since we arrived here. 3. The boss (to be) away the whole day today. 4. What (to happen) to him? - He (to break) his arm yesterday, that's why he (not to come) today. 5. When you (to receive) a letter from your uncle last? - I (not to hear) from him since he (to leave) three years ago. 6. He (to be) President of the company ever since its foundation. 7. There (to be) a lot of disasters this year. 8. The plane (to land)? - Yes, it (to land) just. 9. The postman (to bring) the mail? - Yes, he (to come) while you (to be) asleep as usual. 10. It's a nice dress. Where you (to buy) it? 11. I (not to hear) what you (to say). 12. You (to understand) what I (to say)?

 

Упражнение 12. Переведите на английский язык, используя Present Perfect или Past Indefinite:

 

1. Ты видела сегодня Боба? Когда ты его видела? 2, Ты уже отправила письмо? Когда ты отнесла письмо на почту? 3. Ты уже купила ей подарок? Когда ты ходила в магазин? 4. Ты уже ходила в буфет? Когда у тебя был перерыв на обед? 5. Ты уже слушал новости по радио? Когда передавали новости? 6. Ты уже сдал экзамен? Когда ты его сдашь? 7. Британская делегация уже приехала? Когда они приехали? 8. Вы смотрели этот фильм? - Да, я смотрела его несколько раз. 9. Они уже были на выставке? Когда они ездили на выставку? 10. Я встал очень рано сегодня. Когда ты встал? 11. Собрание уже началось? - Оно началось полчаса тому назад. 12. Это было давным-давно. Я давно знаю об этом.

 

Упражнение 13. Поставьте правильную форму глагола:

Dan just (to meet) Tim who (to return) from the USA a few days ago. They (to have) a cup of coffee and (to discuss) Tim's problems. Tim (to be) unemployed now. He (to lose) his job three years ago. He (to go) to the USA because he (to hope) to find some job there. He (to be) a dentist and he (to discover) that his qualification (not to be) enough to start his own practice there. So he (to be) out of work for three years now. He (to turn) to a number of employment agencies but he (to be) unsuccessful so far. Dan (to ask), "You (to expect) to find a job easily? I'm afraid it (not to be) so easy. The economic situation in the country (to change) for the worse this year and many companies (to close up). I (to advise) you to consider some other opportunities." "What you (to mean)?" "Take any job you (to find), no matter how little they (to pay)." "I (to think) about it but I (to spend) all my savings and I (not to know) what tomorrow (to have) in store for me." "All right. If you (not to find) anything else in the near future, I (to think) my father (to offer) you a job in his office." "I (to appreciate) it."

Упражнение 14. Напишите письмо. Поставьте глаголы в правильную форму:

 

Dear Judy,

it (to be) long since I (to write) a letter to you. At last I (to be) in London. The weather (to be) nasty. It (to rain) all day today. I (to think) it always (to rain) on Sundays in London. Anyway, it (to rain) every weekend since I (to come) to Britain three months ago. I (to get) used to it, but I (to find) it rather dull. But I (to enjoy) my stay here as I (to make) a lot of friends here who (to come) from different countries. Some of them (to stay) here for a few years and (to speak) English quite well. I (to introduce) you to them when you (to come) here. All this time I (to try) hard to master my English and I (to think) I (to make) some progress. I (not to be able) to find the job I (to look for). I (to be) to quite a number of cities but so far I (not to find) anything suitable. My friend Peter who (to be) German and (to come) here a year ago (to find) at last a job at a German-British company. He (to promise) to help me because he (to know) that I (to learn) German for three years. I (to hope) to hear from you soon.

All my love,

Sam.

The Past Perfect Tense

Употребление

Past Perfect обозначает действие, законченное до определённого момента в прошлом или до начала другого действия в прошлом.

He had finished his work	… when I came. … by 3 o'clock yesterday. … before she arrived home.
Он закончил (уже закончил) свою работу	… когда я пришёл. … вчера к 3-м часам. … до того, как она приехала домой.

They went home after they had finished their work. Они пошли домой после того, как закончили работу.

Образование

Past Perfect образуется при помощи глагола to have в Past Indefinite и Participle II (Причастие II) смыслового глагола.

Утвердительная форма	Отрицательная форма	Вопросительная форма
I had worked	I had not worked	Had I worked …?

 

I had = I'd
I had not = I hadn't

Упражнения

Упражнение 1. Соедините предложения, используя Past Perfect и союзы after, before, when, by the time, until:

 

Образец:The librarian came back. Peter looked through the magazine.

- When (by the time) the librarian came back Peter had looked through the magazine.

1. My friend called on me. I had my breakfast. 2. We went out into the street. The rain stopped. 3. The students reached the camp. The sun set. 4. My father left for the airport. We bought the tickets. 5. Nelly arrived. I baked the cake. 6. I came to her place. She translated the texts. 7. She got home. The table was laid. 8. We got there. She left. 9. He went home. He finished work. 10. John came home. The family had supper. 11. They got married. Her parents gave their consent. 12. We did not disturb him. He finished writing his report. 13. Mother switched off the TV. The film was over. 14. I didn't answer his letter. I received another letter from him. 15. I turned on the light. It got dark. 16. The boat sailed. The lava hit the town. 17. The rescue team took the child out. The house collapsed. 18. The police came. The robber didn't leave the bank.

 

Упражнение 2. Закончите предложения, используя Past Perfect:

Образец 1: I was tired (to work). — I was tired after I had worked the whole day.

 

1. They started discussing their plan (to come). 2. He helped his mother about the house (to finish). 3. He invited his friends to the party (to win). 4. Her coat was wet (to walk). 5.He understood the meaning of the telegram (to read). 6. She tore up the letter (to read). 7. They settled the quarrel (to talk). 8. She was very upset (to fail).

Образец 2: I was tired (to work). — I was tired because I had worked the whole day.

 

1. She could speak Spanish fluently (to live). 2. He rang me up (to ask). 3. The cake was too sweet (to put). 4. She was crying (to lose). 5. They didn't meet (to leave). 6. I didn't want to go to the cinema (to see). 7. I couldn't get into my flat (to lose). 8. I didn't know their address (to move).

 

Упражнение 3. Продолжите данное утверждение, используя Past Perfect:

Образец: I saw him yesterday (since last month).

− I saw him yesterday. I hadn' t seen him since last month.

1. I bought some wonderful things yesterday (for a long time). 2. We went to the Tretyakov Art Gallery last week (since it was closed for repairs). 3. Mike came to see us a few days ago (since we finished school). 4. He told us such a funny story that we roared with laughter (since childhood). 5. There was an interesting film on at our local cinema last week (for many months). 6. They returned on Monday (for a month). 7. My parents went for a holiday (for a long time). 8. I met John Parker last night (for many years).