Отсутствие артикля (Zero Article)

 

Артикли не употребляются:

a) с именами собственными:

Susan used to be a pilot. Сюзан была летчицей.

We are going to California. Мы едем в Калифорнию.

б) а также с названиями улиц, площадей, парков, станций метро, аэропортов и учебных заведений — если название начинается с имени собственного Main Street, Central Park, Heathrow Airport, Kennedy Airport, Red Square Odessa State University, Stolyarskiy School

в) перед названиями месяцев и дней недели, учебных дисциплин и отраслей науки, спортивных игр и перед словами English, Spanish и т.п. в значении “английский язык”, “испанский язык”.

I'll be free in May. Я буду свободна в мае.

On Saturday we're flying home. В субботу мы летим домой.

She doesn't do psychology. Она не занимается психологией.

Caroline played tennis. Кэролайн играла в теннис.

Do you speak English? Вы говорите по-английски?

г) с научными названиями болезней bronchitis, maxillary sinusitis

д) с названиями должностей, которые может занимать только один человек, как именная часть составного сказуемого или после глаголов elect, appoint. He was appointed Chief Executive Officer

е) ссуществительными, перед которыми стоит предлог of , означающий описательное определение a book of interest, a group of children, a temperature of 20°, a ring of gold, a cup of tea, a boy of five, a glass of orange juice

ж) в заголовках статей Heat Rise Clue To Shuttle Disaster

з) в следующих устойчивых выражениях:

to have dinner / breakfast / lunch ужинать / завтракать / обедать

for breakfast / lunch / dinner на завтрак / обед / ужин

to watch television смотреть телевизор

on television (on TV) по телевизору

to go to work / school идти на работу / в школу

(at) home дома, домой

to go to bed ложиться спать

to stay in bed лежать в постели

 

Упражнения

 

Упражнение 1. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо. Обратите внимание на следующие конструкции, требующие неопределенного артикля:

I have a... Не has a... I see a...

This is a... That is a... It is a... There is а

Iam a... He is a... She is a...

 

1. This is... book. It is my... book. 2. Is this your... pencil? — No, it isn't my... pencil, it is my sis­ter's... pencil. 3. I have... sister. My... sister is... engineer. My sister's... husband is... doctor. 4. I have no... handbag. 5. She has got... headache. 6. Have they got... car? - Yes, they have. Their... car is not very expensive but reliable. 7. Have you got... calculator? — No, I haven't. 8. Is this... watch? — No, it isn't... watch, it's... pen. 9. This... pen is good, and that... pen is bad. 10. I can see... pencils on your... table, but I can see no... paper. 11.Give me... chair, please. 12. They have... dog and two... cats. 13. I have... spoon in my... plate, but I have no... soup in it. 14. My... friend says he is going to be... millionaire one... day. 15. Would you like... orange? 16. Mr. Smith is... artist, Mrs. Smith is... poetess.

 

Упражнение 2. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо, объясните его употребление:

 

1. This is... pen.... pen is red. 2. These are pen­cils.... pencils are black. 3. This is... soup.... soup is tasty. 4. In the morning I eat... sandwich and drink... tea. 5. She gave me... coffee and... cake.... coffee was hot.... cake was tasty. 6. Do you like... ice cream? 7. I see... book in your... hand. Is... book interesting? 8. Do you need... camera? 9. He never eats... meat, he always eats... vegetables,... cereals,... seeds,... fruit, and... nuts. He is... ve­getarian. 10.This is... pineapple.... pineapple is delicious. 11.Elaine,... apples are good for you! 12. My... cousin is upset. He's got... sore throat. 13. This is... cottage cheese.... cottage cheese is fresh. 14.She bought... meat,... butter and... po­tatoes yesterday. She also bought... cake.... cake was very... tasty. We ate... cake with... tea. 15.This is my... table. On... table I have... book, two... pencils,... pen and... paper. 16. This is... bag.... bag is brown. It is my sister's... bag. And this is my... bag. It is... yellow.

 

Упражнение 3. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо:

 

1. I have two... sisters. My... sisters are... stu­dents. 2. We are at... home. 3. My... brother is not at... home, he is at... school. 4. My... mother is at... work. She is... doctor. 5. I am not... doctor. 6. I have no... sister. 7. He is not... pilot. 8. I have thirty-two... teeth. 9. He has... child. 10.She has two... children. Her children are at... school. 11. Is your father at... home? — No, he is at... work. 12. Where is your... brother? — He is at... home.

 

Упражнение 4. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо, переведите предложения:

 

1. There is... wonderful small computer in... front of... books there. 2. Where is... soup? —... soup is in... big saucepan on... gas cooker. 3. Where are... cutlets? —... cutlets are in... refrigerator on... little plate. 4. There is no... bread on... ta­ble. Where is... bread? 5. There is... little brown coffee table in our... room in... front of... sofa. 6. Where is... table in your... room? 7. There is... thick carpet on... floor in my mother's... room. 8. Is your brother at... home? — No, he is at... work. He works at... big factory. He is... engineer. 9. My sister has many... books.... books are in... big bookcase. 10.... weather is fine today. Let's go and play in... yard. There are many... children in... yard. They are playing with... ball.

 

Упражнение 5. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо, объясните его употребление:

 

1. I see... bottle of... pineapple... juice on... kitchen table. 2. Her... son has... great... sense of... humor. 3. There was... discotheque at... club last Saturday but he didn't go. 4. Is there... bus stop near... building? 5. We have... big dog.... dog is very clever. 6. My friend has... very good computer. 7. This... boy is big. He is... student. 8. There is... very large piano in... hall. 9. This is... tree and that is not... tree. It's... bush. 10. I am... boy. I am... pupil. I study at... school. 11.My sis­ter is at... work. She is... secretary. She works at... large office. 12.This is... very difficult ques­tion. I don't know... answer to it. 13.Do you see... little girl with... big ball in her... hands? She is... pupil of our... school. 14.There was... beautiful flower in this... vase yesterday. Where is... flower now? 15.Last year we were in Geneva. It is... excit­ing city to visit, but... very expensive place to live.

Упражнение 6. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо, переведите предложения:

 

1. There is... jar of... orange marmelade in... middle of... shelf. 2. There is... big... box of... cereal to... right of you. 3. There is... bunch of... bananas on... table. Don't keep them in... re­frigerator. 4. There is... loaf of... white... bread on... upper... shelf of... refrigerator. If you want your... bread to be fresh, keep it only in... refrigerator. 5. Is there …a bag of …. flour in... cupboard? 6. There was … bottle of … lemonade in... corner of...kitchen. 7. There is … thick red... carpet in my... room. … carpet is on … floor in... front of... sofa. 8. Where is... table in your brother's... room? — His... table is near... window. 9. I can see... fine... vase on... shelf. Is it your... vase? 10. We have no... piano in our... living room. 11. My... uncle is... married. He has... beautiful wife. They have... son, but they have no... daughter. 12. I can see... nice... coffee table in... middle of... room to... right of... door. It is... black and... red. I like... coffee table. 13. Our... TV set is on... little... ta­ble in... corner of... room. 14. There is... beautiful picture in my father's... study.... picture is on... wall to... left of... window.

Упражнение 7. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо, переведите предложения:

 

1. Where is... bus station? —... bus station is next to... gas station. 2. There are two... pets in... house:... cat and... dog. 3. There is... TV antenna on... roof. 4. There is... mailbox between... build­ing and... bus stop. 5. There is... big... dog in... front of... fireplace. 6. Do you speak English at... work or at... school? 7. She had... bad... day today. 8. I have... new TV set.... TV set is on... little table in... corner of... room. 9. There is... book,... pen, and... paper on my... writing desk. 10. My... brother is... teacher. He works at... school. He has... very good books. His... books are in... big bookcase. 11. There is... tea in my... glass. There is no... tea in my... friend's... glass. His... glass is empty. 12.Where is... coffee table in your... room? —... coffee table is in... front of... sofa. There is... cup on... coffee table and... newspa­pers. There is... coffee in... cup. 13. There are... photographs on... sofa. 14. There is... guitar on... chair near... piano.

 

Упражнение 8. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо, объясните его употребление:

 

1. We always go to... Russian Museum on... Sun­day. 2. On... Saturday she usually goes to... Phil­harmonic. 3. In... August he has his... birthday. He is planning to have... nice party with his... friends. 4. There are three rooms and... kitchen in our new flat. 5. My new dress is made of... silk. 6. If you want to write something on... blackboard, you must have... piece of... chalk. 7. Are there any pupils in... classroom? 8. I have... new English book.... book is very interesting. 9. There is... gar­den in... front of our school.... garden is not large, but it is very nice. 10.... May is... fifth month of the year. 11.... Saturday is... sixth day of the week. 12.... Sunday is... day off. 13.Today is...ninthof... May. Anton has got... new mobile phone. He is going to make... phone call to his... grandfather. 14. This is... nice place. In June we are going there for... holiday.

 

Упражнение 9. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо:

 

1. Every day my husband goes to... work, my son goes to... school and I go to... institute. 2. There is... new school at... corner of our street. 3. My daughter came... home from... school on... Mon­day and said to me, "There will be... parents' meet­ing on... tenth of February at six o'clock in... evening." 4.... teacher told us... very interesting story at... lesson. 5. When... bell rang,... pupils went into... classroom. 6. We are usually at... school from nine o'clock in... morning till two o'clock in... afternoon. 7. We don't go to... school on... Sunday.

 

Упражнение 10. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо:

 

1. This is... pen. It is... good pen.... pen is black. It is on... table. 2.1 have got... dog.... dog's name is Spot. He is... big grey dog.... dog is very strong. 3. My friend has... sister. Her name is Ann.... girl is... pupil. 4. We have... picture in... living room.... picture is very good. It is on... wall. 5.... Irish Sea is between... Great Britain and... Ireland. 6. There is... map on... wall of... classroom. It is... map of... world. There are many seas and lakes on... map. This is... Mediterranean Sea and that is... Red Sea..These are... Himalayas. They are... highest mountains in... world. 7. We live in... St. Petersburg.... St. Petersburg is... very large city. It is one of... largest cities in... Russia. 8. My brother is... doctor. His flat is in... centre of... city. It is in... new house. There are three rooms in... flat.... living room is.. largest of all. It is... nice light room. There are... pictures on... walls. There is... round table in... middle of... room. There is... sofa at... wall with... large thick carpet in... front of it.... study and... bedroom are small, but very comfortable.

 

Упражнение 11. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо. Прочитайте рассказ:

A Wolf and a Lamb

It was... hot day.... sun was shining brightly in... blue sky.... wolf and... lamb met at... stream.... water in... stream was cool and clear.... wolf saw that... lamb was fat and wanted to eat it. He began to shout, "You,... fool, you are making... water dirty!"... lamb was afraid. It looked at... wolf and said in... thin voice, "But,... Mr. Wolf, I can­not make... water dirty for you from... place where I am standing, because... stream runs from you to me." "Stop talking!" shouted... wolf in... angry voice. "I know you! I met you six months ago, and you were very rude to me." "You are wrong,... Mr. Wolf," cried... lamb, "you could not have met me six months ago: I am only four... months old." "Never mind," said... wolf, "if it wasn't you, it was your brother." And with these... words he seized... poor lamb and carried it into... wood.