Чтение окончаний существительных во множественном числе

[s] [z] [iz]

book s bag s box es

stamp s boy s bench es

park s girl s glass es

Также следует запомнить ряд существительных, у которых множественное число образуется за счет изменения гласной (а в некоторых случаях, за счет добавления окончания - en / - ren). Например:

foot – feet, tooth – teeth, man –– men, woman – women, mouse – mice, goose – geese, child – children, ox – oxen.

Следует запомнить, что существительные deer (олень), sheep (овца), swine имеют одинаковую форму, как для единственного, так и для множественного числа : a sheep – sheep, a deer – deer, a swine – swine.

У существительных, заимствованных из латинского и греческого, сохраняются соответствующие формы множественногочисла:

рhenomenon – phenomena datum – data

crisis – crises basis – bases

stimulus – stimuli formula – formulae

index – indices antenna – antennae

Сложные имена существительные образуют множественное число следующим образом:

а) –s добавляется к основному слову

Editors-in-chief

Brothers-in-law

Lookers-on

b) форма множественного числа определяется конечным элементом

Lady-birds

Hotel-keepers

Housewives

Postmen

c) если существительное начинается с man/woman, оба элемента принимают форму множественного числа

Men-servants

Women-doctors

d) при отсутствии существительного в составе комплекса –s добавляется к последнему элементу

Forget-me-nots

Merry-go-rounds

Сложные имена существительные образуют множественное число следующим образом:

an Englishman – Englishmen

a Frenchman – Frenchmen

Но: a Germaп – Germans

Упражнения

Упражнение 1. Поставьте следующие существительные в форму мно­жественного числа (не забудьте, что перед множе­ственным числом неопределенный артикль нужно опустить):

 

A. a pen, a class, a story, a road, a day, a cat, a bush, a desk, a table, a plate, a fox, a room, a lady, a knife, a chair, a bus, a hero, a match, a way, a house, a family, a flag, a town, a wolf, a country, a lion, a park, a play, a dictionary, a thief, a key.

B. woman, duck, lake, photo, quiz, tomato, play, sheep, uncle, pony, leaf, belief, face, postman, toy, tooth, kerchief, mouse, child, umbrella, curriculum, magazine, knife, life, path, class, roof, grass, cup, city, phenomenon.

 

Упражнение 2. Поставьте следующие существительные в форму мно­жественного числа (обратите внимание на артик­ли: неопределенный артикль во множественном числе опускается, определенный артикль сохраня­ется):

 

Ababy, a plant, a lemon, a peach, a banana, a brush, a star, a mountain, a tree, a shilling, a king, the waiter, the queen, a man, the man, a woman, the woman, an eye, a shelf, a box, the city, a boy, a goose, the watch, a mouse, a dress, a toy, the sheep, a tooth, a child, the ox, a deer, the life, a to­mato, a secretary, a crowd, the airport, a theatre, the tornado, a shop, the tragedy.

Упражнение 3. Поставьте существительное в форму множе­ственного числа:

Woman, duck, lake, photo, quiz, tomato, play, sheep, uncle, pony, leaf, belief, face, postman, toy, tooth, kerchief, mouse, child, umbrella, curriculum, magazine, knife, life, path, class, roof, grass, cup, city, phenomenon.

Mother-in-law, butterfly, reading room, standard lamp, inkpot, tape recorder, son-in-law, exercise book, suitcase, blackbird, passer-by, ex-president.

Упражнение 4. Переведите существительные и скажите, какое это число:

Means, child, television, food, table, feet, papers, mice, fish, horse, trouble, scissors, fruit, advice, traffic, furniture, bread, watch, men, teeth, pajamas, weather, sum, clothes, money, clock, oxen, sheep, police, work, hair, news, workers, spectacles, contents, economics, phonetics, sports, goods, progress, glasses, trousers, phenomena.

Запомните:

This is — these are

That is — those are

There is — there are

It is — they are

Упражнение 5. Поставьте существительные в форму множе­ственного числа и выполните необходимые преобразования:

A. This magazine, that sticker, this stamp, that sandwich, this poster, this teacup, this egg, that wall, that picture, this foot, that mountain, this lady, that window, this man, that match, this knife, this book, this family, this pie, that answer, that apartment, that teacher, that comedy.

B. 1. This is a spider. 2. That is a snail. 3. This is a space film. 4. That is a cartoon. 5. This is a star. 6. This is a boy. 7. This is a baby. 8. That is a plate. 9. That is a flower. 10. That is a bookshelf. 11. Is this a sofa? 12. Is this a bookcase? 13. Is this a man? 14. Is that a ball? 15. Is that a train? 16. Is that a plane? 17. Is the window open? 18. Is the door closed? 19. Is the boy near the window? 20. That is not a king. 21. That is not a queen. 22. That is not a bus. 23. This isn't a mountain. 24. That isn't a goose. 25. This isn't amouse. 26. It is a sheep. 27. It is a cigarette. 28. It is a cat. 29. It is not a girl. 30. It isn't a bag. 31. It isn't a tree. 32. It is not a bad egg. 33. It is a good egg. 34. Is that a flower?

Упражнение 6. Поставьте существительные в форму множе­ственного числа и выполните необходимые преобразования:

1. This cup is dirty. 2. That biscuit was tasty. 3. This hotel is very expensive but it's very nice. 4. There is a children's playground in the park. 5. That is a new supermarket in our town. 6. It's a delicious lemon pie for dessert. 7. It's a nice cot­ton dress for my niece. 8. This man is an engineer. 9. That woman is my sister. 10. This child is my son. 11. That goose is big. 12. This mouse is white. 13. This man is a doctor. 14. That woman is my cousin. She is a teacher. 15. That girl is my niece. She is a pupil. 16. This girl has a blue sweater. 17. This boy has a good coat. 18. My uncle has a large flat. 19. There is a table in the room. 20.1 have a good pen. My pen is in my pocket. 21. There is a flower in the vase. 22. This child's foot is sore.

Упражнение 7. Поставьте существительные в форму множе­ственного числа и выполните необходимые преобразования:

1. This phone in the office is out of order. 2. That blouse is made of silk. 3. This is an excellent painting. 4. His book is very popular and it really in­terests me. 5. It's a difficult word to write. 6. My son is a journalist and he has been very successful. 7. This purse isn't made of leather. 8. That is my neighbour's car. 9. Has he got a camera? 10. It's a new cassette recorder. 11. This room is very large. 12. There is a match in the box. 13. Has this lady got a knife? 14. There is a man and a woman in the street. 15. This lady is that gentleman's wife. 16. This shoe is too large for my foot. 17. The child is sitting on a bench. 18. My tooth is white. 19. This key is made of steel. 20. A potato is a ve­getable and a cherry is a fruit. 21. This is my friend's study.

 

Упражнение 8. Поставьте существительные в форму множе­ственного числа и выполните необходимые преобразования:

1. This is my stocking. 2. He has a new suit. 3. This metal is very hard. 4. That ship is a Russian one. 5. I heard her voice. 6. His dog does not like bread. 7. The plate was on the table. 8. This town isn't very large. 9. I was talking to her at the tram stop yesterday. 10. Is that girl your sister? 11.1 shall give you my book. 12. This story will be a good one. 13. Is this a good match? 14. The boy put his book on the desk. 15. She took off her hat. 16. That house is new. 17. The young man put his hand in his pocket. 18. Is this student coming with us, too? 19. The woman didn't say anything. 20. Does she speak English? 21. The police officer has caught the thief. 22. He is holding the child hostage.

 

Упражнение 9. Поставьте существительные в форму множе­ственного числа и выполните необходимые преобразования:

1. It's a very difficult question to answer. 2.1 think I'll have that cake on the right. 3. Look at that pumpkin! It's the biggest one I've seen this year. 4. Is this your scarf? 5. That was a cookie jar. 6. What is that child's name? 7. The cat has caught a mouse. 8. There was a lady, a gentleman, a boy, and a girl in the room. 9. In the farmyard we could see an ox, a sheep, a cow, and a goose. 10. Is this worker an Englishman or a German? — He is a Frenchman. 11. Why don't you eat this potato? 12. This strawberry is still green. 13. The yellow leaf has fallen to the ground. 14. Can you see a bird in that tree? 15. Does your tooth still ache? 16.1 held up my foot to the fire to warm it. 17. His child stud­ies very well. 18. This man works at our office. 19. There is a new house in our street. 20. This story is very interesting. 21. I have hurt my foot. 22. The wolf has been shot. 23. He keeps his toy in a box. 24. Put this knife on that table.

 

Упражнение 10. Поставьте существительные в форму множе­ственного числа и выполните необходимые преобразования:

 

1. This is a bird. 2. Is that also a bird? — No, it isn't. That is a cat. 3. Is that a good horse? — Yes, it is. 4. Is that cow big or small? — It is big. 5. This is an apple and that is a flower. 6. Where is the coin? — It is in the box. 7. What colour is the box? — It is green. 8. What is it made of? — It is made of wood. 9. What is that man? — He is a clerk. 10. Is he in the office? — Yes, he is. 11. Is that woman a typist? — No, she isn't. — What is she? — She is a doctor. 12. Is his brother at home? — Yes, he is. 13. This house has a balcony looking out on the street. 14. The architecture of this building is quite modern. 15. This is a new district of St. Petersburg. 16. There is a shop, a cinema and a theatre in the new district. 17. He is a retired worker. 18. I am a doctor. 19. We hear the sounds of a child's voice. 20. She is a nice girl.

 

Падеж имён существительных

В современном английском языке существительное имеет два падежа: общий и притяжательный. Существительное в общем падеже не имеет специальных окончаний, его отношение к другим словам в предложении определяется местом в предложении и смыслом.

The student asked the teacher. Студент спросил преподавателя.
The teacher asked the student. Преподаватель спросил студента.