Adapter Cards and Integrated Ports 


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Adapter Cards and Integrated Ports



 

The expansion slots support adapter cards. Some cards control internal devices, such as hard drives, and most communicate with external devices, such as monitors, printers, network equip-ment, and so on. Table 1-7 focuses on the most common adapter cards. Note that many mother-boards include ports that replace some of the adapter cards in this list.

 

Adapter cards have two connections: One connects to the expansion slot, and the other connects to devices. This usually involves a port or plug. Table 1-7 lists the standard ports.


20 CompTIA A+ Quick Reference

 

Table 1-7 Adapter Cards

Adapter Expansion Buses Ports and Plugs Details and Descriptions
       
NIC PCI, PCIx, PCIe, RJ-45 Connects the PC to a net-
  or USB   work.
       
Wireless NIC PCI, PCIe, mini- 2.4GHz / 5GHz Connects a PC to a wireless
  PCI, mini-PCIe or radio and antenna network.
  USB    
       
Video adapter PCIe, AGP, or PCI VGA, DVI, Translates data into a video
    HDMI, signal for the monitor.
    DisplayPort,  
    Component  
    Video, S-video  
       
USB PCI, PCIe USB Provides additional connec-
      tions to USB devices. It often
      provides both internal and
      external USB ports.
       
IEEE 1394 PCI or PCIe FireWire 1394a comparable in perfor-
(FireWire)     mance to USB 2.0; 1394b
      is twice as fast as 1394a;
      commonly used to transfer
      video or other data-intensive
      applications. Also used for
      external hard disk and scan-
      ner interface.
       
Sound/audio PCI or PCIe, USB 3.5mm for micro- Translates data into audio
adapter   phone, line-in, signal for speakers.
    speakers; 8-pin  
    DIN or mini-DIN  
    for MIDI ports  


 

Video capture PCI or PCIe, USB S-video, com-

 

or TV tuner posite, coax, IR

 

blaster


TV tuner cards need to sup-port digital video (Clear QAM cable and ATSC broad-cast TV) to be compatible with current standards.


 

SCSI adapter ISA, PCI, or PCIe Internal SCSI Is an additional bus link, like
    header and often a transfer station. It forwards
    an external SCSI data to and from the PC to
    port SCSI HDDs and devices.
       
RAID adapter PCI or PCIe Multiple hard Enables data to be spread
    drive connections across multiple hard disks in
    SATA, PATA, or various patterns (stripe, mir-
    SCSI ror, or span).
       

      Chapter 1: Hardware 21
       
       
Adapter Expansion Buses Ports and Plugs Details and Descriptions
       
eSATA PCIe or PCI eSATA Connects external SATA
      drives to the PC.
       
Modem PCI or USB RJ-11 Converts digital signals from
      the PC into analog tones used
      by telephone network and
      vice versa.
       
IEEE 1284 ISA, PCI DB25F Connects parallel devices,
(parallel port     mainly printers, to the PC.
or LPT port)     The distinctive cable has
      a 25-pin D plug on the
      computer end and a 36-pin
      Centronics port on the other.
      Moves data along multiple
      channels simultaneously
      (parallel).
       
Serial port ISA, PCI DB9M or Connects peripheral parallel
(RS-232 or   DB25M devices to the PC. Not com-
COM port)     monly used today. Moves
      data along one channel, bit
      by bit (serial).
       

 

 

Figure 1-9 illustrates some typical adapter cards.

 

Dial-up (analog) modem

Audio

 

 

SCSI 1394a  
(FireWire 400)  
   

 

Video (PCIe x16)


 

 

Figure 1-9 Typical PCIe (video) and PCI (all others) adapter cards.


22 CompTIA A+ Quick Reference

 

To install an adapter card into a desktop computer, follow these steps:

 

1. You must make sure there is an unused expansion slot of the correct type for the card.

2. Check the documentation to determine if the driver software is installed before or after the card is installed. If you need to install it first, install it before shutting down the computer.

3. Turn off the computer and disconnect it from AC power.

4. Remove the side cover to access the expansion slots.

5. Remove the blank bracket blocking the slot.

6. Insert the card straight down into the slot, making sure the connectors at the bottom of the card fit snugly into the slot.

7. Connect any power leads required by the card (typical on IEEE-1394 and some PCIe video cards).

8. Reattach the card bracket using the same mechanism (usually a screw) used to secure the blank bracket.

9. Connect device cables to the card.

10. Reconnect the computer to AC power and turn it on.

11. After the card is detected and you are prompted for drivers, insert the driver disc, and follow the prompts to complete installation.

12. Card settings are typically configured by the setup program. However, if prompted, make additional settings.

 

 

Integrated Ports

 

Desktop and laptop computers include many integrated ports which help to minimize the need to add expansion cards and reduce system cost. On a desktop computer, most of these ports are located in a port cluster on the rear of the system. Laptop computers have similar ports, but locate them on two, three, or even all four sides of a system.

 

Figure 1-10 illustrates a typical port cluster from a recent system.

 

In addition to the port cluster, you can add additional USB and other types of ports to some sys-tems through the user of cables connecting to internal port headers.

 



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