Exercise 7 Render the following passage into Ukrainian. Pay special attention to logical connectors.

 

John F. Kennedy and Abraham Lincoln lived in different times and had very different family and educational backgrounds. Kennedy was born in 1917, whereas Lincoln was born more than a hundred years earlier than Kennedy, in 1809. Kennedy came from a very rich family, but Lincoln's family, on the other hand, was not wealthy at all. Kennedy graduated from Harvard University, while Lincoln had only one year of formal schooling. In spite of this fact, he became a well-known lawyer.

Despite these differences between Kennedy and Lincoln, some interesting similarities between the two are evident. For example, take their political careers. Lincoln began his political career as a Congressman. Similarly, Kennedy also began his political career as a Congressman. They were both elected to the U.S. House of Representatives — Lincoln in 1847, and Kennedy in 1947 — just one hundred years apart. Another interesting coincidence is that Lincoln and Kennedy were elected presidents of the U.S. in a year ending with the number 60 — Lincoln in 1860, Kennedy in 1960, respectively. Furthermore, both men were presidents during the years of civil unrest in the country.

There are some similarities between the two first ladies — Jacqueline Kennedy and Marry Todd Lincoln. For example, both were socially prominent women. Another interesting similarity between Kennedy and Lincoln was the fact that both presidents had vice-presidents named Johnson. Lincoln's vice-president was named Andrew Johnson, and Kennedy's — Lyndon Johnson.

These are only a few similarities in the destinies of these two men who had a tremendous impact on social and political life in the USA.

 

Exercise 8 Select the appropriate logical connector from the word list, and insert it in the passage: however; by contrast; like; while

 

Postmodernism,... modernism before it, is a term covering several different tendencies, directions, and styles. Postmodernism is more populist,... modernism is more elitist and exclusive. Postmodernism has brought about a renewed partnership between the old and the new. Postmodernism recognizes that a work of art can reflect many aspects of life. Modernism... was more puritanical. Postmodernism,..., saw the need to face openness and cultural diversity.

 

Chapter 4 73

Exercise 9. Fill in the blanks with one of the variants.

 

A.

 

1. John turned off the radio... he could study.

a. so that

b. now that

c. due to

d. while

 

2. Some substances are hard,... others are brittle.

a. if

b. when

c. unless

d. but

 

3.... the procedures of science can appear very precise, the means of making scientific discoveries are far from perfect.

a. although

b. because

c. owing to

d. because of

 

4. Scientists and engineers,... become more productive, need both easy to use and very flexible software.

a. rather than

b. therefore

c. in order to

d. in order of

 

5. This will probably continue... the recession goes worldwide.

a. unless

b. again

c. but

d. for

 

B.

 

1. Both literature and music.. the fine arts.

a. is

b. are

 

2. When in Rome, do... the Romans do.

a. as

b. like

 

3. John isn't much... his brother.

a. as

b. like

 

4. Not only Mary, but also her parents... leaving tomorrow.

a. is

b. are

 

5. The new director, together with his colleagues,... arriving today,

a. are

b. is

 

Chapter 4

Exercise 10. Find the one synonym to the underlined word:

 

1. In spite of the delay, we arrived on time.

a. because

b. despite

c. due to

d. because of

 

2. The debate has nonetheless enlarged our knowledge on the issue.

a. alternatively

b. nevertheless

c. notwithstanding

d. also

 

3. This problem together with mentioned above is of prime importance.

a. rather than

b. moreover

c. besides

d. alongside

 

4. In brief, we had to start it from scratch.

a. finally

b. in summary

c. in a word

d. in conclusion

 

5. These two methods are almost the same.

a. not always

b. very much

c. sometimes

d. never

 

6. The experiment has valuable implications.

a. reasons

b. indications

c. prospects

d. consequences

 

7. The experiment resulted in no success.

a. followed

b. realized

c. caused

d. accounted for

 

Chapter 4 75

Exercise 11. Translate the following sentences:

 

1. There are far more possibilities for those who have a good command of English.

2. Our teacher is different from theirs.

3. This is by far the best approach.

4. This is the most sophisticated device I've ever seen.

5. He became more and more interested in the project.

6. This invention has brought about many changes in our lives.

7. Why did you do it? Was it on account of what I said yesterday?

8. They have considered all pros and cons.

9. He says it's a genuine coin, but I think otherwise.

10 They proposed that we discuss theoretical aspects rather than applied.

11. Unlike his students, professor Smith always comes on time.

12. Although Denmark is an agricultural country it is also modern and industrialized.

13. The new edition is not so expensive as the old edition..

14. This observation leads us to the following definition.

15. We don't prove the theorem here, but rather, we illustrate it with two examples.

16. To prove things Euclid made certain assumptions which he called axioms.

17. They have markedly different approaches to the problem.

18. Try not to talk too much in conversations, but don't be silent, either.