III. Choose the one word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word or phrase.

 

57. A Master's Degree candidate must prepare a research paper called thesis. But some master's programs involve a great deal of independent study and individual research.

a. some

b. part of

c. a lot of

d. little

 

58. This package is apparently from overseas.

a. perhaps

b. obviously

c. strangely

d. really

 

59. Technology acts as a catalyst to bring about changes that energize learning environments.

a. believe in

b. cause

c. carry out

d. foresee

 

60. Teachers need to feel comfortable with technology. Furthermore, guidance in when and how to appropriately use technology is often needed.

a. nevertheless

b. in general

c. in a nutshell

d. moreover

 

61. My book is virtually finished.

a. really

b. almost

c. appropriately

d. eventually

Final Test 227

 

62. We have 100$. That's plenty.

a. too much

b. enough

c. not enough

d. big money

 

63. The international character of the Institute gives it some important advantages.

a. limitations

b. activities

c. merits

d. linkages

 

64. The first of these new trends is to be seen in rapidly changing political environment.

a. problems

b. tendencies

c. elements

d. issues

 

65. The number of working women increases every year.

a. grows

b. decreases

c. meets

d. reorganizes

 

66. Some crops must be rotated periodically with other crops.

a. constantly

b. simultaneously

c. regularly

d. rarely

 

67. Scientists once thought that human origins were in Asia.

a. decidedly

b. always

c. vaguely

d. at one time

 

68. The Center was established to. stimulate and accelerate the use of computers and software tools in education.

a. in order of

b. as

c. for

d. in order to

 

69. He looked somewhat upset.

a. not very

b. a little

c. as always

d. very

 

70. People often use their first names rather than their family names when talking.

a. together with

b. sooner or later

c. and also

d. instead of

228 Final Test

 

71. At present the world population is doubling every 37 years.

a. usually

b. customarily

c. currently

d. universally

 

72. This popular conception is not supported by research.

a. notion

b. imagery

c. misinterpretation

d. reaction

 

73. Gravity works equally on all objects.

a. objectively

b. clearly

c. energetically

d. identically

 

74. Some differences between these two cultures are obvious.

a. non-verbal

b. verbal

c. evident

d. normal

 

75. Revolutions have always dramatically altered the course of historic events.

a. changed

b. reduced

c. joined

d. expanded

 

76. Although we know what these changes are due to, some gaps still exist in our knowledge of their nature.

a. However

b. Thus

c. Even though

d. Also

 

77. Another indicator is even more important.

a. the other

b. the only

c. other

d. one more

 

78. They've decided to treat the problem in full detail.

a. discard

b. predict

c. deal with

d. realize

 

79. He exerts all his power to get things done.

a. gives away

b. ignores

c. avoids

d. makes active use of

Final Test 229

 

80. Their office is adjacent to the library.

a. remote

b. very close

c. very far

d. a long way

 

81. There is promise of yet greater advances, thanks to biotechnology.

a. trying

b. owing to

c. grateful

d. coming

 

82. I can't understand it because it's too complicated.

a. because of

b. rather

c. since

d. owing to

 

83. Biomedical research continues to provide scientists with new insights into the workings of human body.

a. prevents

b. liberates

c. proclaims

d. goes on

 

84. The flights were canceled because of bad weather conditions.

a. due to

b. because

c. instead of

d. despite

 

85. Shorthand methods enable people to write more rapidly.

a. more legibly

b. more decoratively

c. at greater speed

d. more precisely

 

86. The brief reports did not leave time for any details.

a. short

b. extended

c. long

d. weak

 

87. Your version of the report doesn't seem to agree with the facts.

a. project

b. aspect

c. interpretation

d. correlation

 

88. Notebook computers are swiftly replacing traditional ones.

a. rapidly

b. gradually

c. finally

d. previously

230 Final Test

 

89. George is a brilliant scientist.

a. mediocre

b. shining

c. talented

d. hard-working

 

90. You will learn English through intensive program.

a. updated

b. crash

c. modern

d. progressive

 

91. A barometer is a device for measuring changes in atmospheric pressure.

a. method

b. invention

c. figure

d. instrument

 

92. Nearly all weather occurs in the troposphere.

a. almost

b. entirely

c. barely

d. closely

 

93. Tides are a latent source of electric power.

a. expensive

b. important

c. valuable

d. potential

 

94. This method involved studying genuine material.

a. genetic

b. realistic

c. authentic

d. different

 

95. Tides are caused by the gravitational influence of the moon on ocean level.

a. impact

b. affluence

c. superfluity

d. reality

 

96. English physicist Henry Cavendish first confirmed that water is a combination of hydrogen and oxygen.

a. explained

b. verified

c. thought

d. proposed

 

97. In spite of these promising results, we need more training in this area.

a. although

b. so that

c. despite

d. in order to

Final Test 231

 

98. In this respect we seem to be undergoing the combined effects of the process.

a. appear

b. prove

c. happen

d. have

 

99. This museum houses one of the finest collections in the world.

a. promotes

b. creates

c. contains

d. advertises

 

100. We were discussing the actual collection and processing of pertinent data.

a. the latest

b. relevant

c. promising

d. important

 

101. One of the ways of presenting findings is through publications.

a. prognoses

b. hypotheses

c. analyses

d. results

 

102. In the past decade, a number of trends have influenced educational policies.

a. 10 days

b. 10 months

c. 10 weeks

d. 10 years

 

103. Other trends, too, have emerged in the course of the last three or four years.

a. disappeared

b. appeared

c. expressed

d. turned out

 

104. He devoted himself completely to science.

a. suddenly

b. immediately

c. entirely

d. effectively

 

105. It is hard to cope with social problems in big cities.

a. handle

b. know

c. witness

d. find

 

106. Stars move in identifiable patterns in the heavens with regularity and precision.

a. stability

b. exactness

c. provision

d. accessibility

 

107. Mahatma Gandhi was an outstanding humanitarian.

a. exhaustive

b. remarkable

c. charitable

d. stable

232 Final Test

 

108. She completely disregarded all our objections.

a. disliked

b. ignored

c. overestimated

d. agreed with

 

109. This is undoubtedly true.

a. vaguely

b. certainly

c. maybe

d. alternatively

 

110. Many people are unaware of this fact.

a. are capable of

b. doubt

c. realize

d. don't know

 

111. The problems we witness are the consequences of former years.

a. know

b. observe

c. disregard

d. solve

 

112. Washington was the first city in history to be created solely for the purpose of governance.

a. partly

b. arbitrarily

c. reasonably

d. exclusively

 

113. In a way I can see what you mean, even though I don't share your point of view.

a. I'm sure

b. As a rule

c. In a sense

d. Rather

 

114. The first factor is speed of response.

a. activity

b. reaction

c. appearance

d. disappearance

 

115. These data are useful for forecasts.

a. prognosis

b. analyses

c. prognoses

d. discussion

 

116. They gave us quite a bit of help.

a. a lot of

b. very little

c. very quiet

d. not much

 

117. They've answered all the questions save two.

a. and saved

b. namely

c. together with

d. except

Final Test 233

 

118. In other words, the simulator would serve as a training and research tool in place of the real one.

a. rather

b. instead of

c. located on

d. close to

 

119. We didn't realize that fact.

a. understand

b. follow

c. foresee

d. demonstrate

 

120. He attempted to figure out the problem.

a. express

b. solve

c. discuss

d. pose

234 Answer key

ANSWER KEY

CHAPTER 1

Ex. 2

 

I. l.F, 2.C, З.Е, 4.А, 5.H, 6.G, 7.D, 8.B.

II. l.B, 2.D, 3.С, 4.А.

Ex. 6

 

I.E. 2.G, 3.F, 4.A, 5.B, 6.D, 7.C, 8.J, 9.H, 10.1.

Ex.7

 

1. the; 2.a; 3,_; 4.an, _; 5.the; 6._,_; 7._; 8.the; 9_,_; lO.the,

Ex. 8.

 

the, _, the, _, __, the, the, the, __, the, _, _, _, _, the, the, the, _, _, the, _.

 

Ex. 9

 

l._; 2. _, (the), the; 3. the, the, the, the; 4. _, the; 5. the; 6,_; 7_, (the); 8. the; 9. the, the, the.

Ex. 10

 

A. b; B. c; C. l.a, 2.b, 3.c.

Ex.11

 

1. productive; 2. to produce; 3. product; 4. production, productivity; 5. producers; 6. produce; 7. predict; 8. predictable; 9. to predict; 10. prediction; 11. science; 12. scientist; 13. scientific; 14. apply; 15. applications; 16. applied; 17. require; 18. required; 19. requirements; 20. curiosity; 21. curious; 22. imagine; 23. imagination; 24. imaginative; 25. development; 26. to develop.

Ex. 12

 

l.a; 2.b; 3.b; 4.c

 

Ex. 13

 

l.c; 2.b; 3 a; 4.c; 5.b; 6. с; 7.а; 8. с; 9.а; Ю.Ь; ll.b; 12.c; 13.a; 14.d; 15. b; 16. b; 17. b.

CHAPTER 2

Ex. 3

 

1. many; 2. is; 3. the number of, is increasing; 4, much; 5. is; 6. is; 7. many; 8. were; 9. is; 10. are; 11. was; 12. was; 13. are; 14. have; 15. has; 16. are; 17. is; 18. is.

Ex. 5

 

radii, crises, antennae (antennas), appendices, criteria, stimuli, encyclopedia, prognoses, sanatoria (sanatoriums), axes, aircraft, media, matrices, nebulae, phases, optima, syllabi (syllabuses), supernovae, syntheses, spectra, theses, equipment, maxima, hypotheses, equilibria, millennia, oases, curricula, phenomena, analyses.

Ex. 7

 

l.G, 2.E, 3.1, 4.C, 5.H, 6.N, 7.J, 8.L, 9.K, 10.D, ll.A, 12.F, 13.B, 14.M, 15.P, 16.O.

Answer key 235

 

Ex. 10

 

1. improvement; 2. improve; 3. improvement; 4. benefit; 5. beneficial; 6. to benefit; 7. technology; 8. technological; 9. a technologist; 10. technology.

Ex. 11

 

l.d; 2.c; З.Ь; 4.d; 5.d.

Ex. 12

 

La; 2.d; 3.b; 4.d; 5.a; 6.c; 7.b; 8.d; 9.a; lO.b; ll.d; 12.a; 13.c; 14.a; 15.d; 16.d; 1?.b; 18.d; 19.b.

CHAPTER 3

Ex. 3

 

1.E, 2.C, 3.D; 4.A, 5.B

Ex. 5

 

1. understand; 2. sounds; 3. goes; 4. smells; 5.phones

Ex. 6

 

1. was studying; 2. was studying; 3. will be taking; 4. will call; 5. was reading, was watching.

Ex. 7

 

1. bought; 2. has taken; 3. have read; 4. have translated; 5. haven't finished; 6. arrived; 7. haven't seen.

 

Ex. 8

 

l.a; 2.b; 3.a; 4.a; 5.b.

 

Ex. 9

 

1. will have studied; 2. said, had published; 3. have known; 4. has been; 5. has studied (has been studying); 6. have finished; 7.arrived.

Ex. 10

 

1. My friend said that English and French are the two official languages in Canada.

2. Shakespeare once observed that love is blind.

3. Yesterday morning my teacher said that the results of our test would be there two days from then.

4. My father always told me that to learn is never too late.

5. Last week my cousin told me that he had already completed the essay for his classes that week.

6. When I saw Paula last month she told me that she had received John's letter two months earlier.

7. Elizabeth told me that she couldn't come earlier.

8. Michael said that he would get the tickets.

Ex. 11

 

l.b; 2.b; 3.a; 4.d; 5.b; 6.a; 7.c; 8.d; 9.a.

Ex. 13

 

1. increasingly; 2, increased; 3. competition; 4. competitors; 5. competitor(s); 6. competitive; 7. investments; 8. to invest; 9. invested; 10. prospers; 11. prosperity; 12, prosperous; 13. innovative; 14. innovations.

Answer key

Ex.14

 

l.d; 2.c; 3.c; 4.b; 5.a.

 

Ex. 15

 

l.b; 2.c; 3,d; 4,c; 5,a; 6.a; 7.b; 8.a; 9.d; lO.d; ll.c; 12.d; 13.a.

CHAPTER 4

Ex. 2

 

l.D, 2.C, 3.E, 4.B, 5.A

Ex. 5

 

1.b, 2. с, 3,d, 4.с, 5.с, 6.с, 7.b, 8.b

 

Ex. 6

 

2. intelligent, the least intelligent; 3. more (less) famous, the most (the least) famous; 4. bad, the worst; 5. more (less) comfortable, the most (the least) comfortable; 6. more (less) careful, the most (the least) careful; 7. bright, brighter; 8. more (less) useful, the most (the least) useful; 9. more (less) guilty, the most (the least) guilty; 10. hard, the hardest.

 

Ex. 8

 

like; while; by contrast; however

 

Ex. 9

 

A. La; 2. d; 3. a; 4. с; 5. а;

В. 1. are; 2. as; 3. like; 4. are; 5. is.

Ex. 10

 

l.fe; 2.b; 3.d; 4,c; 5,b; 6.d; 7.c.

Ex. 13

 

1. creative; 2. creativity; 3. create; 4.creation; 5. capable of; 6. capability; 7. modifications, modify; 8. modified; 9. modify.

Ex. 14

 

1 — b; 2 — с; 3 — а; 4 — d; 5 — b.

Ex. 15

 

l.a; 2. b; 3.b; 4.d; 5,d; 6.d; 7.c; 8.d; 9. b; lO.d; ll.b; 12,b; 13.d; 14.b; 15.d; 16.a; 17.c; 18.b; 19.b; 20.d; 21.c.

CHAPTER 5

Ex. 3

 

l.b; 2.b; 3.a; 4.b; 5.a; 6.a; 7.b; 8.a; 9.a; lO.a; ll.a; 12.b.

Ex. 5

 

1. E; 2. В; 3. I; 4. К; 5. J; 6. А; 7. С; 8. L; 9. D; 10. F; 11. Н; 12. М; 13. G.

Answer key 237

 

Ex. 6

 

l.c; 2.b; 3.d; 4.c; 5.d.

 

Ex. 9

 

A.

1. Secretaries should be familiar with their duties.

2. Members of congress will cast their votes.

3. When everyone contributes the ideas, the workshop will be very stimulating.

4. Professors should meet their students regularly.

5. A director will bring the draft.

B.

1. humanity; 2. assistant; 3. has a career; 4. police officer; 5. the average person/ordinary people; 6. spouses; 7. chairperson; 8. lay people.

Ex. 11

 

1. explain; 2. explanation; 3. explanatory; 4. intention; 5. intentional; 6. accurate; 7. accuracy; 8. to avoid; 9. avoidance; 10. theoretically; 11. theorist (theoretician); 12. to theorize; 13. theoretical; 14, theoretical.

Ex. 12

 

l.c; 2.b; 3.b; 4.c; 5.c.

Ex. 13

 

l.c; 2.b; 3.b; 4.d; 5.b; 6.a; 7.a; 8.c; 9.b; lO.d; ll.b; 12.b; 13.d; 14.d.

CHAPTER 6

Ex. 5

 

l.b; 2.a; 3.c; 4.c; 5,a; 6.c; 7.b.

 

Ex. 9

 

1. D; 2. E; 3. А; 4. В; 5. С.

Ex. 10

 

1. collects; 2. collection; 3. collective; 4. experiment; 5. experiment; 6. experimental; 7. experimentation; 8. to assess; 9. assessment.

Ex. 11

 

l.d; 2.c; 3.b; 4.a; 5.d.

Ex. 12

 

l.b; 2.d; 3.a; 4.c; 5.a; 6.d; 7.b; 8.b; 9.d; lO.c.

Answer key

CHAPTER 7

Ex. 2

 

1. D; 2. F; 3. А; 4. В; 5. С; 6. Е

Ex. 3

 

1. J; 2. М; 3. Е; 4. К; 5. В; 6. Н; 7. D; 8. С; 9. F; 10. G;. 11. I; 12. А; 13. L

Ex. 4

 

l.b; 2.c; 3.d; 4.d; 5.c; 6.d; 7.a; 8.b; 9.с; 10.а; ll.b

Ex. 8

1.

occurrence; leadership; fitness; absentee; reporter; designer; development (developer); freedom; tenderness; selection; dependence; agreement; requirement;

2.

symbolize; falsify; strengthen; activate; soften; normalize; freshen; validate; signalize; legalize; individualize;

3.

praiseworthy; affordable; presentable; washable; reusable; hazardous; noiseless; useful (useless); trustworthy; faithful; salty; adjustable; flawless.

 

Ex. 9

 

l.b; 2,d; 3.c; 4.b; 5,d.

Ex. 10

 

l.b; 2.c; 3.a; 4.b; 5.d; 6.b; 7.d; 8.b; 9,c; Ю.а; ll.a; 12.d; 13.d.

CHAPTER 8

Ex.6

 

l.c; 2.b; 3.a.

Ex.7

 

l.b; 2.c; 3,a; 4.d; 5.d; 6.b; 7.b; 8.c; 9.a; lO.d; ll.a; 12.d; 13.c.

Ex.9

 

1. recognition; 2. recognize; 3. recognized; 4. alterations; 5. altered; 6. add; 7. to add; 8. additions; 9. addition.

Ex.10

 

l.d; 2,d; 3.c; 4.a; 5.b.

Ex.11

 

La; 2.b; 3.d; 4.c; 5.b; 6.d; 7.a; 8.c; 9.c; lO.b; ll.c; 12.b; 13.d.

Answer key 239

 

CHAPTER 9

Ex. 5

 

1. Е; 2. G; 3. I; 4. С; 5. Н; 6. В; 7.А; 8. D; 9. F.

Ex. 6

 

l.a; 2.d; 3,b; 4.b; 5,c; 6.c; 7.a; 8.d; 9.b; lO.a; ll.d; 12.b.

 

Ex. 10

 

1. important; 2. importance; 3. important; 4. recycled; 5. to recycle; 6. recyclable; 7. reliable; 8. reliably; 9. reliable; 10. unrealibility; 11. possibilities; 12. possible; 13. possible; 14. possible; 15. possibly; 16. possibility; 17. possibility; 18. responsible; 19. responsible; 20. responsibility; 21. responsibility.

Ex. 11

 

l.a; 2.b; 3.d; 4.d; 5.d.

 

Ex. 12

 

l.b; 2.c; 3.d; 4.b; 5,b; 6.a; 7.b; 8.d; 9.b; lO.d; ll.a; 12.d.

 

CHAPTER 10

Ex. 4

 

l.b; 2.b; 3.d; 4.b; 5.c; 6.a; 7.b; 8.c; 9.a; lO.d.

Ex. 5

 

1. smoking; 2. to buy; 3. to bring; 4. waiting; 5. playing, seem, to prefer, playing; 6. to spend.

Ex. 9

 

1. manufactures; 2. manufacturing; 3. manufacturer; 4. manufacturing; 5. organization; 6. organize; 7. organize; 8. oganized; 9. precise; 10. precision; 11. precisely; 12. precisely.

Ex. 10

 

l.c; 2.d; 3.d; 4.b; 5.d.

Ex. 11

 

l.b; 2.d; 3.c; 4.a; 5.c; 6.c; 7.b; 8.d; 9.a; lO.c; ll.c; 12.b.

CHAPTER 11

Ex. 5

 

1. Under no circumstances will I go there.

2. Isn't he a great speaker!

3. In no case can we make an exception.

Ex. 6

 

Answers will vary.

Answer key

 

Ex.7

 

l.d; 2,c; 3.а; 4,с; 5.d; 6,c; 7.b; 8.d; 9.b; l0.c.

 

Ex.10

 

1. refused; 2. refuse(d); 3. refusal; 4. agreement; 5. agree; 6. agree(d); 7. agreement; 8. anxious; 9. anxiety; 10. anxious; 11.anxiously.

 

Ex.11

 

l.b; 2.a; 3.b; 4.b; 5.d.

Ex.12

 

l.d; 2,c; 3.b; 4.b; 5.d; 6.a; 7.c; 8.c; 9.b; l0.d.

 

FINAL TEST

I 1. b 2. b 3. с 4. d 5. b
II 6. а 7. b 8. с 9. b 10. d 11. а 12. d 13. b 14. с 15. d 16. а 17. b 18. d 19. b 20. d 21. b 22. d 23. с 24. b 25. d 26. а 27. а 28. b 29. d 30. с 31. b 32. d 33. b 34. d	35. b 36. с 37. а 38. с 39. d 40. с 41. с 42. с 43. d 44. b 45. b 46. с 47. с 48. с 49. d 50. с 51. b 52. b 53. с 54. b 55. b 56. с III 57. с 58. b 59. b 60. d 61. b 62. b	63. с 64. b 65. а 66. с 67. d 68. d 69. b 70. d 71. с 72. c 73. d 74. с 75. а 76. с 77. d 78. с 79. d 80. b 81. b 82. с 83. d 84. а 85. с 86. а 87. с 88. а 89. с 90. b 91. d	92. а 93. d 94. с 95. а 96. b 97. с 98. а 99. с 100. b 101. d 102. d 103. b 104. с 105. а 106. b 107. b 108. b 109. b 110. d 111. b 112. d 113. с 114. b 115. с 116. а 117. d 118. b 119. а 120. b

 

 

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The. Institute 1991—1995

The World & 1. March 1991.

Словники

 

Большой англо-русский словарь: в 2-х т. / Под общ. рук. И.Р. Гальперина. М. — Русский язык, 1977. Русско-английский словарь / Под рук. Р.С. Даглиша. М. — Русский язык, 1990.

Медведева Л.М., Медведева Н.Ю. Англо-українсько-росіїський словник усталених виразів. Хит — Тернопіль, 1992.

Михеева А.В. и др. Словарь-минимум для чтения научной литературы на английском языке. — М. 1985.

Справочник участника международных конференций (английский язык). М, — Наука, 1985

Hutchinson Pocket Encyclopaedia. London: Helicon, 1987.

New Webster's Dictionary of English Language. College Edition. — Delhi: Surjeet Publications, 1988.

Hornby A.S. Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English. — Oxford University Press, 1978.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Longman Group UK Limited, 1987.

Longman Dictionary of Common Errors. M.— Русский язык, 1991.

New Roget's Thesaurus. — Miami. — Florida, PS1 and Assosiates Inc, 1991.

Urdang L. A Basic Dictionary of Synonyms and Antonyms. Delhi, Vision books, 1983.

Lehncrt M. Reverse Dictionary of Present-Day English. Leipzig: VEB Verlag Enzyclopadie, 1971.

Навчальне видання

 

Ільченко Ольга Михайлівна