Exercise 13. Choose the correct word and fill in the blanks.

(to) increase increasingly

 

1. I find it ____ difficult to work with them.

2. The population of this country has _____.

 

competition competitor(s) competitive

 

3. The two companies are in direct ______

4. Anyone wanting to enter the computer business faces tough _______

5. They lost the contract to their ____.

6. We've discussed the _____ nature of private industry.

 

(to) invest investment(s)

 

7. The government is trying to attract _____ into this industry.

8. He will advise you how _____ money.

9. I've ____ a lot of time and effort into this project.

 

(to) prosper prosperity prosperous

 

10. Their business ____.

11. We wish you health, happiness, and ____.

12. This is a new and ____ city.

 

innovation(s) innovative

 

13. The article dealt with _____ printing techniques.

14. Recent _____ in this field are very promising.

Chapter 3

Exercise 14. Read the text and answer the questions about it.

 

garbage — Synonyms: litter, trash, junk укр. сміття

William Rathje, a professor of anthropology at the University of Tucson, Arizona, has created an entirely new field of science called garbology. He conducted a scientific study of garbage left for collection, inspected and categorized some 120 tons of garbage and has arrived at some interesting conclusions. If you ask professor Rathje about trash, his answers might surprise you. Garbage, he points out, is an unavoidable fact of life, produced by all societies since the dawn of civilization. One of his findings is a real composition of the American waste: not plastic, not glass, not metal — but paper, which makes up more than 40 percent of the volume of waste. Another result is that middle-income families waste more food than lower or upper-income families. Rathje's research also reveals some facts about American habits of consumption. For example, lower-income households tend to throw away hazardous car-care items, middle class households discard paint, furniture, plant fertilizers.

 

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The creation of archaeology

(B) Methods of paper recycling

(C) William Rathje's biography

(D) Results from work in the field of garbology

 

2. According to the passage, who is William Rathje?

(A) a university student

(B) a sanitation engineer

(C) an anthropology professor

(D) a chemist

 

3. According to the passage, who wasted more food?

(A) lower-and middle income families

(B) upper-income families

(C) middle-income families

(D) lower-income families

 

4. It can be inferred from the passage that

(A) problems with garbage appeared only recently

(B) garbage has been produced since ancient times

(C) Americans produce more garbage than other nations

(D) plastic is the most common waste

 

5. It can be inferred from the passage that the science of garbology is important because it

(A) provides insights into lifestyles of American families

(B) offers work opportunities for students

(C) is the most promising trend in science

(D) studies modern methods of food processing

 

Exercise 15. Choose the one word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for it.

 

1. He responded to my suggestion promptly.

(a) agreed

(b) reacted

(c) objected

(d) understood

 

Chapter 3 55

2. These two companies are rivals.

(a) innovators

(b) companions

(c) competitors

(d) investors

3. It's a tough problem.

(a) disturbing

(b) enormous

(c) radical

(d) difficult

4. The computer has made a great impact on our lives.

a. decision

b. reaction

c. influence

d. help

5. We are to face these radical changes.

a. drastic

b. minor

c. relevant

d. constant

6. We start off with trends in global communications.

a. tendencies

b. data

c. priorities

d. partnerships

7. It is difficult to predict possible consequences.

a. chances

b. results

c. improvements

d. trends

8. As soon as you arrive home, phone me.

a. after

b. before

c. until

d. unless

9. He seldom comes on time.

a. often

b. always

c. sometimes

d. rarely

10. I hope you will maintain your recent improvement.

a. give up

b. transfer

c. realize

d. keep up

11. The project will become effective in the short run.

a. later

b. in the distant future

c. soon

d. at the moment

 

56 Chapter 3

12. Actually, IBM was world's seventh largest company in 1983.

a. essentially

b. on the whole

c. finally

d. in fact

13.Walking on the grass is not allowed.

a. prohibited

b. permitted

c. proclamed

d. proposed

 

 

Noteworthy

The science of graphology tries to establish relationship between handwriting and personality. Such relationship was first noticed by the Chinese in the eleventh century, and then in 1622 a

man called Camillo Baldi maintained that each person has a characteristic handwriting. At the end of the nineteenth century graphology became a proper science. Now even figures aimless doodles are of interest to graphologists. Like dreams, doodles are products of the unconscious and can reflect

to maintain — to assert укр. наполягати, стверджувати to doodle — to draw lines, etc. while about something

a person's state of mind. Check out your recent doodles (for example, in memo pads) and find out what they could mean:

1. Faces: It's your personality you're showing. If features are faint, you tend to be withdrawn and self-conscious; when dark or overemphasized, you may be domineering but insecure. Small or closed eyes could mean you are introspective, even self-absorbed, while large eyes represent a suspicious or hypersensitive nature.

2. Geometric shapes: Circles signal affection. Three-dimensional boxes indicate frustration, but also a desire to solve problems. A triangle stands for aggression, high energy, and ambition;

stars are symbols of hope and achievement.

3. Lines: Very short, sketchy strokes show you're anxious or uncertain, while long, straight ones convey determination.

4. Loops: Loosely spaced — you're feeling relaxed or lazy, but tightly drawn — you're a bit anxious.

5. Animals: Domestic pets reveal a tame personality, while birds represent high-flying ideas or the wish to escape.

 

 

Chapter 4 57

Chapter 4

Focus on:

 

Hackers

 

Grammar: Structure of English Sentence. Logical Connectors

 

58 Chapter 4