Exercise 10. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

In the middle of Salisbury plain in southern England, a circle of massive stones marks one of the strangest monuments known to humanity. Stonehenge contains a set of giant standing stones weighing 25 tons each. They form a circle surrounding two horseshoe-shaped patterns. The circle is more than 30 meters wide and 4 meters high, raized 4 meters above the ground. Their place of origin is unknown. The discovery that many of the stones were brought from hundreds of miles away to this particular spot, makes the matter even more interesting. «Why» is not the only question. How? Scientists point out that Stonehenge has been built over a period of many centuries, during three distinct phases. It has been realized since 1771 (after having been forgotten for perhaps thousands of years) that at the summer solstice — the day in the year (currently June 21st) when the Sun is the farthest north and the day is the longest — the Sun rizes directly over a particular stone, caled the Heelstone (located 60 meters outside the outer circle of stones) as seen from the center of Stonehenge. So probably the people who built Stonehenge must have had substantial astronomical knowledge.

 

1. What is the best title for the passage?

a. Early astronomers

b. Salisbury plain

c. Gigantic projects

d. One of the famous mysteries

 

2. It can be inferred from the passage that

a. the stones were cut from quarries

b. it was easy to transport the stones

c. the Heelstone is not very heavy

d. an incredible amount of work went into making the construction

 

3. According to the author of this passage

a. Stonehenge is located in northern England

b. giant monuments have puzzling features

c. some stones were put on top of each other

d. the stones were not transported from a great distance

 

4. The author implies that

a. nobody knows for sure how the stones got there, and what their exact purpose was

b. not many people undertook this construction project

c. Stonehenge is not a mystery anymore

d. the circle is less than 30 meters wide

 

5. The passage was most probably written by a specialist in

a. astrology

b. archaeoastronomy

c. biology

d. philosophy

 

Chapter 8

Exercise 11 Choose the one word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for it.

 

1. This article concerns archaeological findings.

a. is about

b. surveys

c. overviews

d. concludes by

 

2. We were unable to perceive where the problem lay.

a. conclude

b. understand

c. foresee

d. check

 

3. What is your assessment of her chances of winning?

a. prediction

b. suggestion

c. feeling

d. evaluation

 

4. Some people are scared of sophisticated technology.

a. interested in

b. informed

c. afraid of

d. aware of

 

5. In general, our business plan is OK, but I think we should make some alterations.

a. radical improvement

b. slight changes

c. useful amendments

d. important corrections

 

6. There are many gigantic buildings in New York.

a. tall

b. modern

c. gorgeous

d. huge

 

7. Virtual reality is an electronic marvel.

a. wonder

b. gimmick

c. monitor

d. device

 

8. He decided to buy a new computer.

a. sell

b. advertise

c. purchase

d. assess

 

9. The study revealed an extremely involved mechanism.

a. simple

b. interesting

c. complicated

d. strange

 

Chapter 8 145

10. He concerns himself with astronomy.

a. is tired of

b. is interested in

c. doesn't like

d. thinks it is necessary to study

 

11. This theory involves a lot of aspects.

a. assumes

b. studies

c. includes

d. concludes

 

12. We really like this pleasant working enviroment.

a. space

b. milieu

c. group

d. feature

 

13. You should send your papers to our organizing committee.

a. working

b. standing

c. conference

d. steering

Noteworthy

If you want something done, give it to a busy man... and he will have his secretary do it.

Chapter 8

UNscientifically speaking...

ALCHEMY

The alchemists tried to change base metals to gold. See how we can change BASE to GOLD in just 4 steps by changing one letter at a time:

 

BASE

baLe

balD

bOld

GOLD

Change:

a) HATE

––––––

––––––

––––––

LOVE

b) TAKE

––––––

––––––

––––––

GIVE

c) MORE

––––––

––––––

––––––

––––––

––––––

LESS

 

Clues:

a) possess; bee's home; dwell.

b) body of water; be fond of, enjoy; dwell, have life.

c) female horse; German money; a cover to disguise the face; quantity; disorder or untidiness.

 

(after English Teaching Forum, Jan. 1994)

 

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Chapter 9

Focus on:

 

 

Energy Sources Environment

 

Grammar: Verbals Infinitive

 

Chapter 9