I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

Nowadays the problem of water treatment has become very urgent.

There is a great waste of natural resources that will never be available again.

The world is facing a serious problem of potential shortage of energy.

b) Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на страдательный залог (Simple Passive)

Some old concepts of heating were gradually changed.

These pipes will be treated with a protective coating.

3. Solar power is often mentioned as the logical alterna­tive.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и определите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или составной частью глагола-сказуемого; предложения переведите на русский язык.

1. The amount of energy consumed by a country is closely connected with its degree of technological development and industriali­zation

1. Hydroelectric power is available when a stream can be dammed to form a large reservoir, permitting falling water to turn a hydraulic turbine connected to an electric generator.
2. Because of the increasing demand for power, the world’s resources of fuel will be used up one day.

When burnt for fuel, harmful pollution may result.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; предложения переведите на русский язык.

To these sources we can add the energy obtained from water motion and the sun.

If the world is to solve the long-range energy problem, it must look for and make use of all available practical sources economically.

In the process of filtration the water is allowed to pass through layers of fine sand to remove remaining germs and particles.

4. For the gen­eration of electricity serious problems have to be solved.

IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите следующий текст. Выполните задание после текста.

Text. Energy and Its Sources

(1) The world is facing a serious problem of potential shortage of energy, which is extremely important to meeting all of man's physical needs—clothing, shelter, transportation, convenience, recreation, etc.

The consumption of energy is expected to grow. The amount of energy consumed by a country is closely connected with its degree of technological development and industriali­zation, which are in turn related to the people's standard of living.

(2) Energy can be classified according to its sources. The principal materials now used for obtaining energy are of plant and animal origin, deposited in the earth over millions of years in the form of coal, oil, and natural gas. But when they are burned for fuel, harmful pollution may result and there is a great waste of natural resources that will never be available again.

(3) The reserves of such popular sources of energy as natural gas and oil are not expected to meet the long-term demands.

Natural gas is a popular source of energy because of its convenience for use and cleanliness in burning. It is generally believed that gas will be the first fossil fuel to be in short supply, and the cost of oil extraction is high.

(4) To these sources we can add the energy obtained from water motion and the sun.

Hydroelectric power is available when a stream can be dammed to form a large reservoir, permitting falling water to turn a hydraulic turbine connected to an electric generator. It is generally agreed that this source cannot meet the total need in power.

(5) Solar power is often mentioned as the logical alterna­tive. And indeed, the

Amount of radiant energy that reaches the earth's surface is more than what is

needed. For the gen­eration of electricity, however, there are serious problems to be

Solved. To collect and concentrate the energy by reflectors and converters of

Present efficiency is the major difficulty. There remain many technological

Problems in this area.

(7) Man is consuming the remaining resources at such a rate that they may last only a few centuries. This may seem to be a long time in comparison with the life of a single generation, but in man's history it is only a short period. If the world is to solve the long-range energy problem, it must look for and make use of all available practical sources economically. Efforts to eliminate the extravagant waste of energy are need­ed at the same time.

(8) Several other conclusions can be made: that research and development work with a view to find new sources of ener­gy and ways of increasing efficiency are urgently needed; that the new sources of other types of fuels must be fully developed and utilized wherever possible. And we must give a serious consideration, as a possible solution, to nuclear energy, i.e. the energy from nuclear reactions, the burning of nuclear fuel.

Ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту. Полученные ответы переведите на русский язык.

What is the problem that the world is facing?

Why is the energy consumption expected to grow?

What materials are mainly used for energy generation at present?

Of what origin are they?

When were wood and coal the main energy sources?

6. Why are fossil fuels harmful t® use?

How long are reserves of natural gas and oil expected to last?

How is hydroelectric power generated?

Is solar power costly?

How long may the existing energy resources last?

What are the conclusions that must he made?

Can nuclear energy be considered the energy of the future?

V. Прочитайте текст и выполните задание после текста

Solar Technology Without Exotic Elements

Contrary to what we think, water is not only present in the desert but in great quantities too. Whole seas are some­times there under sands. But most often this water is salty and cannot be used for drinking. So it has to be lifted and desalinated.

The sun's rays can be used to operate a special turbine developing about half a kilowatt. Half a kilowatt seems very little. But it is quite a lot in the desert, for it means about two cubic metres of water lifted from a considerable depth, and water means life.

When we think of solar energy and its future, we imagine exotic things. But solar technology is not only great reflectors and concentrators as many people think, it is also such simple things as a turbine producing drinking water.

Besides there can be simple solar water heaters which make hot water available in the coldest conditions. Houses can be heated by the sun in winter and cooled in summer.

Creation of solar technology is not only a technical engi­neering problem but also a social one. Making our distant de­sert lands possible to live in is a dream scientists are working to realize.

Закончите следующие предложения в соответствии с содержанием текста. Полученные предложения переведите на русский язык.

1. Water in the desert can be found in ….. but this water is …

2. The sun’s rays can be used to...

3. Simple solar water heaters can …

4. Creation of solar energy is …

Вариант 2

I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Hydroelectric, wind, tidal and solar power required much technological development.
2. A very rapid growth of energy consumption has oc­curred in the twentieth century.
3. Fossil fuels are limited and their supply is running out.
4. There are many factors that will determine the accuracy of this prediction that in the near future about half of electrical supply will come from nuclear sources.

b) Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на страдательный залог (Simple Passive)

Much of the world's energy supply is based on fossil fuels.

We are faced with the rapidly increasing energy demands of the future.

In Ancient Egypt wells were dug and water was extracted from them by means of devices similar to “storks”.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и определите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или составной частью глагола-сказуемого; предложения переведите на русский язык.