VI. Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 4-й-абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1-й, 2-й и 4-й абзацы текста.

MENDELEYEV — PRIDE OF RUSSIAN SCIENCE

1. The list of spheres of knowledge which Mendeleyev's genius touched upon is enormous. Chemistry, physics, earth sciences, metrology, economics, metallurgy and much else.¹ Mendeleyev's legacy comprises 25 volumes, a third of them devoted to chemistry.

2. D. I. Mendeleyev, the outstanding Russian scientist, was born in Tobolsk in 1834. In 1850 at the age of 16 he entered the Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg to study chemistry. Five years later he graduated from it with a gold medal and was invited to lecture on theoret­ical and organic chemistry at St. Petersburg University. To continue his studies and research Mendeleyev was sent to Germany in 1859. While living abroad he made a number of important investigations.

3. The year 1868 was the beginning of his highly impor­tant work "Fundamentals of

Chemistry". When working at the subject Mendeleyev analyzed an enormous amount of literature, made thousands of experiments and calcu­lations. This tremendous work resulted in the Table of Elements consisting of vertical groups and horizontal periods. Mendeleyev was the first to suggest a system of classification
in which the elements are arranged in the order of increasing atomic weights. The main idea of the Periodic System is the idea of periodic repe­tition of properties with the increase of the atomic weights.

Arranging all the existing elements in the Table Mendeleyev had to overcome great

difficulties, as a considerable number of elements were unknown at that time and the atomic weights of 9 elements (out of 63) were wrongly determined. Thanks to his investigations Men­deleyev was able to predict not only the existence of a few unknown elements but their properties as well. Later the elements predicted were discovered.

5. More than 350 works created by Mendeleyev deal with a great many subjects. Combining theory with practical activities he carried out enormous research in coal, iron and steel industries in Russia. He died in 1907 at the age of 73. The achievements in chemistry and physics at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century made it necessary to reconstruct the Periodic Table taking into account ³ new discoveries. Time is the severest judge in science. After more than 100 years of its existence, the Periodic Law has preserved its full value and is being constantly developed with each new discovery.

Notes on the Text

And much else— и многое другое

A number of — некоторое количество, ряд

To take into account — принимать во внимание

VII. Прочтите 5-й-абзац-текста-и вопрос к нему. Выберите правильный ответ в соответствии с содержанием текста.

In what spheres of science did Mendeleyev carry out research?

a) in the field of radioactivity

b) in coal, iron and steel industries in our country

c) in physics and mathematics

ВАРИАНТ 5

I. Перепишите предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного или

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

Man’s devices for water storage and distribution have their prototypes in nature.

The atmosphere which surrounds the earth’s surface contains water which varies in amount in direct proportion to the temperature of its gases.

Man uses water for domestic and sanitary purposes and returns it to the source through sewage disposal system.

The rivers and lakes contain a great amount of chemical and biological pollution.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.

Certain industrial process requirements and human comfort are two major factors in any air-conditioning system.

2. The history of conduits or public fountains as communal water supplies starts in the 13^th century.

The sludge sand mixture is transferred to a washing column for cleaning.

No apparent ventilation problems existed in this area during summer operation.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.

The earliest settlers realized their need of water and established colonies in close proximity to natural water sources.

Special teams at all power stations were provided with the latest techniques.

Industry causes the worst water pollution.

Britain will be a warmer place in future, with drier summers and more frequent

Droughts, but with wetter autumns and winters.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.

At that time nobody knew exactly how to do this work.

Will you tell me something about the steam heating system?

The resident’s first requirement in any city is clean air.

Power reactor produces no air pollution.

V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.

An adequate supply of water is one of the main requirements for maintaining high standards of health.

The method of sewage treatment will depend entirely on local conditions.

Air conditioning implies the control of temperature, humidity, purity and motion of the air in an enclosure.

The investors financed the building of this ventilation system.

VI. Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 3-й-абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1-й, и 3-й абзацы текста.

Alfred Nobel — a Man of Contrasts

1. Alfred Nobel, the great Swedish inventor and industrialist, was a man f many contrasts. He was the son of a bankrupt, but became a millionaire; a scientist with a love of literature, an industrialist who managed to remain an idealist. He made a fortune but lived a simple life, and although cheerful in company he was often sad in private. A lover of mankind, he never had a wife or a family to love him; a patriotic son of his native land, he died alone on foreign soil. He invented a new explosive - dynamite, to improve the peacetime industries of mining and road building, but saw it used as a weapon of war to kill and injure his fellow men. During his useful life he often felt he was useless: World-famous for his works he was never personally well known, for throughout his life he avoided publicity. But since his death his name has brought fame and glory to others.

2. He was born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833 but moved to Russia with his parents in 1842, where his father, Immanuel, made a strong position for himself in the engineering industry. Immanuel Nobel invented the landmine¹ and made a lot of money from government orders for it during le Crimean War, but went bankrupt soon after. Most of the family returned to Sweden in 1859, where Alfred rejoined them in 1863, beginning his own study of explosives in his father's laboratory. He had never been to school or university but had studied privately and by the time he was twenty was a skilful chemist and excellent linguist, speaking Swedish, Russian, German, French and English. Like his father, Alfred Nobel was imaginative and inventive, but he had better luck in business and showed more financial sense. He was quick to see industrial openings for his scientific inventions and built up over 80 companies in 20 different countries. Indeed his greatness lays in his outstanding ability to combine the qualities of an original scientist with those of a forward-looking industrialist.

His greatest wish was to see an end to wars, and thus peace between nations, and he spent much time and money working for this cause until his death in Italy in 1896. His famous will, in which he left money to provide prizes for outstanding work in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology, Medicine, Literature and Peace, is a memorial to his interests and ideas.

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