Герундий имеет признаки и глагола и существительного. Причастие I занимает промежуточное место между глаголом и прилагательным, а также частично между глаголом и наречием

Способы перевода причастия I на русский язык

Английский вариант	Русский вариант	Перевод причастия
The test being carried out is of great significance.	Проводимое сейчас испытание имеет большое значение	Причастие
The test being carried out is of great significance The student translating the text knows English well Being packed in strong cases, goods arrived in good condition	Испытание, которое сейчас проводится, имеет большое значение. Студент, который переводит текст, хорошо знает английский язык. Так как товары был упакованы в крепкие ящики, товары прибыли в хорошем состоянии.	придаточное предложение a) с союзом «который» после существительного; б) с союзами «так как, когда, если, после того как» если в начале или в конце предложения
While doing his work he made an important discovery Having considered the matter we arrived at a definite decision.	Выполняя работу, он сделал важное открытие. Рассмотрев этот вопрос, мы пришли к определенному решению	Деепричастие

ING-форма

Building

Participle 1 Причастие 1 1. строящийся 2. строя формальные маркеры; when (while) building при строительстве строя когда (пока) строят The working motor (какой?)- работающий мотор Applying the method the technologists will get the results desired - Применяя метод технологи получат желаемые результаты (ф.обст.)

Verbal noun Отглагольное существительное здание строительство формальные маркеры: артикли a, the Vings – множественное число

Gerund Герундий строить строительство маркеры: глагол + ing-форма предлог + ing-форма переводится: предлог +сущест. деепричастие (а, я, ав, ив) the working model (для чего?) – рабочая модель, модель для работы Applying the method will give the results desired – Применение этого метода даст желаемые результат

 

Контрольная работа N 3

Вариант 1

I. Определите время и залог глагола-сказуемого и переведите предложения на русский язык

The pipe runs in a continuous loop from the boiler to the radiators and back to the boiler.

While the pipework and sanitary fittings are being installed, some of the doors and windows are manufactured.

The people don’t feel comfortable in this room because the temperature is too low.

These experiments will have been carried out by midnight.

II. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные функции слов it”, “that”, “one”

It is climate which determines the shape and the construction of most buildings.

The density of hot water is lower than that of the colder water.

That is the last problem to be solved and it should not be a difficult one.

If a boiler is a heavy one, it can be assembled on the stand.

III. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные функции глаголов “to be”, “to have”

Radiators are made of material which has the property of high thermal conductivity.

When architect designs a house he often has to find a balance between adequate ventilation and noise level.

The protection of building materials is to be increased.

A new heating engineering complex has been installed in our office recently.

IV. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функции Ving форм и инфинитива

1. In order to understand what civil engineering is you must consider the development of different branches of engineering.

A safety valve serves to relieve the pressure in the boiler if it is too high.

The boiling point of water is raised by increasing the pressure.

The members to be connected by welding must be held rigidly in position.

V. Прочитайте текст и выполните упражнение после текста.

BOILERS

The boiler is generally placed at the lowest available point in the building, having regard at the same time to convenience of stoking and delivery of fuel.

No difficulties exist in the fixing of independent boiler. A good level concrete foundation is needed, and common-sense fire precautions should be observed.

Sectional boilers can be almost any size to as much as 5 or 6 tons in weight. They are usually delivered in separate parts requiring assembly. Heating by hot water is traditionally plumber’s work but in latter years specialist heating engineers have evolved, and it is true to say that larger heating jobs have become mainly their concern. However, a great deal of domestic heating and other smaller systems are carried out by the plumber; some of this work involves the use of sectional boilers.

The stand should be fixed on the level concrete foundation, and it is a good plan to raise the stand either on a course of brick-work or on a concrete curb of similar height.

It is advisable to assemble the sections on the floor rather than on the stand, so that it will not get pulled about and may be damaged. If, however, the boiler is a heavy one, it can be assembled on the stand if care is taken. The front of the stand can be removed for assembly of the front section.

The boiler may be one of a number of types. It may be a solid one-piece casting, rectangular in form; it may be sectional; or it may be conical in shape and wrought or cast iron. For smaller systems, the first and last-named types are both cheap and suitable. The sectional boiler has the advantage of the possibility of added sections should more heat be needed subsequent to initial installation.

Sectional and shell type boilers are almost invariably used for bigger installations. The former are cast iron can be built up in situ, whilst the latter are usually of the packaged type, having all auxiliary components together with the boiler assembled as one unit ready for erection.

1. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту. Ответы переведите на русский язык:

a) What is necessary to know when placing the boiler?

b) What is the difference between the plumber’s work and the work of specialist heating engineers?

c) What are the advantages of sectional boilers?

d) Why is it better to assemble sections on the floor rather that on the stand?

E) What types of boiler are used for smaller installations and what – for bigger ones?

Контрольная работа N 3

Вариант 2

I. Определите время и залог глагола-сказуемого и переведите предложения на русский язык

When the pump is switched on hot water flows through the pipe to the radiators.

If a pipe is taken from a boiler and carried around a room horizontally and back to the boiler, no circulation will take place.

II. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные функции слов it”, “that”, “one”

When the sun evaporates water from the sea, it leaves these salts behind.

There is one more source of energy that we are beginning to tap: sun’s rays.

Sanitary fitting are those appliances used in the collection and disposal of human and domestic waste materials.

III. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные функции глаголов “to be”, “to have”

When the radiator is turned on, heat is transferred from the pipe to the radiators.

The boiler must be big enough for the job it has to do.

One disadvantage of hot water system is that of scaling.

To solve this problem houses are to be built two storey high.

IV. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функции Ving форм и инфинитива

The radiator is designed to transfer the heat from the hot water to the air in the room.

Before reading this text students discuss other methods by comparing the advantages of central heating systems.

The pipes should be of a size sufficient to convey the volume of water required to give up the needed heat.

Most heating installations are a compromise between what is ideal and what is practicable, when considering possible pipe runs, radiator and boiler positions.

V. Прочитайте текст и выполните упражнение после текста.

DESIGNING A HEATING SYSTEM

In general, a heating system should be designed so that the water will circulate by gravity. In any gravity system of heating (i.e. no pump) circulating head is extremely important. Briefly it is due to the difference in weight of a given volume of water in the flow and return circulators. This factor governs the speed of circulation, and it should be borne in mind that the rapidity of the circulation will determine the amount of heat which will reach a given radiator.

It will readily be seen that if a pipe is taken from a boiler and carried around a room horizontally and back to the boiler, no circulation will take place – provided the boiler connections are on the same level. If one pipe is connected to the top and the other to the bottom of a boiler, a slow circulation will be found to exist. If instead of pipe leaving the top of the boiler is to be taken to the top of the room, allowed to circulate around the room and return to the bottom of the boiler, a rapid circulation will be evident. This principle should be borne in mind in the design of any heating system.

Most heating installations are a compromise between what is ideal and what is practicable, when considering possible pipe runs, radiator and boiler positions, and the shape of any particular building.

There are a few rules which should be observed: