Дайте русский перевод следующих предложений.

1. The peculiar phenomena accompany many earthquakes.

2. The peculiar phenomena are reported to accompany many earthquakes.

3. The peculiar phenomena are reported to have accompanied many earthquakes.

4. The peculiar phenomena were reported to accompany many earthquakes.

5. The peculiar phenomena were reported to have accompanied many earthquakes.

6. The peculiar phenomena seem to accompany many earthquakes.

7. The peculiar phenomena appear to accompany many earthquakes.

 

Ex.11.

Какой вариант наиболее точно соответствует содержанию высказывания в рамках.

I

Предполагали, что состав глубинных газов меняется от места к месту.

1. One can assume that the composition of the deep-earth gases varies from place to place.
2. It is assumed that the composition of the deep-earth gases varies from place to place.
3. The composition of the deep-earth gases was assumed to vary from place to place.

II

The tectonic-plate boundaries ought to provide the best access to the deep interior.

a) The tectonic-plate boundaries are thought to provide the best access to the deep interior.

b) The tectonic-plate boundaries appear to provide the best access to the deep interior.

c) The tectonic-plate boundaries have to provide the best access to the deep interior.

III

Hydrocarbons appear to be clearly associated with tectonic plates boundaries.

1) Оказалось, что гидрокарбонаты четко ассоциируются с границами тектонических плит.

2) По-видимому, гидрокарбонаты четко ассоциируются с границами тектонических плит.

3) Гидрокарбонаты появляются на границах тектонических плит.

IV

The picture we favour is of dual origin, with some hydrocarbons derived from organic sediments and other derived from a stream of non-biological methane.

1) Картина, которой мы придерживаемся, имеет двойственную природу с некоторыми гидрокарбонатами………

2) Картина, которой мы придерживаемся, имеет двойственную природу, причем некоторые гидрокарбонаты………

 

Ex.12.

Выберите правильный вариант из предложенных в скобках.

1) Methane is one of the (principle/principal) deep-earth gases.

2) Oxygen came from sunlight in the (course/cause) of photosynthesis by green plants.

3) Some (peculiar/particular) phenomena accompany many (mayor/major) earthquakes.

4) A (like/likely) place for an earthquake to occur is along crustal faults.

5) (Most/The most) of the carbon in meteorites composition of the inner planets is in the form of (complex/compound) hydrocarbons.

6) There is no (proof/prove) that any of the effects we have mentioned (caused/are caused) by eruption of gas during earthquakes, but (at last/at least) for the bubbling water phenomena it is an obvious fact.

7) It will stimulate (farther/further) research in this field of geology and in the understanding of the earth and (it’s/its) resources.

 

Ex.13.

Закончите предложение, выбрав правильное, на Ваш взгляд, объяснение. Найдите подтверждение в тексте.

The exact composition of the deep-earth gases is not known because:

• it varies from place to place
• gases are not accessible for direct observation
• there are difficulties in interpretation
• the gas is contaminated while rising to the surface
• the underlying mantle is heterogeneous

Ex.14.

Подготовьте устное сообщение/презентацию на тему “Теории происхождения нефти и газа”, продолжив и расширив следующую информацию:

The origin of oil and gas is one of the most important and difficult problems of petroleum geology.

It is a particularly difficult one because it has not yet been possible to determine the exact source bed from which anyparticular petroleum originated. Itwas recognized many years ago that any complete solution of the problem would require the active cooperation of several groups of scientists.

Geologists have been concernedprimarily in a study of the environment, conditions of sedimentation, and the organic content of petroleum source beds.

Biologists have made studies of the action of bacteria on organic compounds and organic materials.

Chemists have isolatedsome of the optically active constituents of both plants and crude oils, and have showncertain chemical and physical similarities between them.

As further research work and investigations on this problem arecompleted enoughdata may be assembled to enable scientists to solve the problem of the origin of petroleum.

Many theories on the origin of petroleum have beenproposed. They may be divided into two groups: the organic and the inorganic.

 

Unit IV. Test section.