Замените выделенные слова/словосочетания словами из текста.

1. The sudden fracturing is strong enough to shake the surrounding rocks.

2. In spite of the fact that heavy losses may be caused directly by fault movement, the majority of losses results from seismic waves.

3. The degree of shaking decreases with distance from the center of disturbance.

 

Ex.4.

Выберите правильный вариант перевода выделенных слов.

1) There are regions where readily soluable rocks are widely distributed.

a. хорошо растворимые

b. плохо растворимые

2) The roofs of some caves may give way under the weight of overlying strata.

a. уступить

b. сопротивляться

 

Ex.5.

Выберите вариант, эквивалентный по значению русскому слову, предложенному в скобках.

1) (Любой) geological process can become a geologic hazard.

a. any

b. some

2) Only (некоторые) geological hazards have resulted in disarster.

a. few

b. a few

3) (Большинство) terrible catastrophes occurred in nature are earthquakes.

a. the most

b. most

4) In (некоторых) cases earthquakes may occur in older mountains.

a. same

b. some

5) A strong earthquake may destroy the whole town (в течение) of several minutes.

a. in the course

b. in the case

Ex.6. Заполните пропуски, выбрав слова из рамки.

1. The degree of shaking tends ______ with distance from the center of disturbance. 2. The typical earthquakes starts with fracturing ______ the earth. 3. Seismic waves pass ______ the earth. 4. ______ heavy losses may be due to fault movements most damages are caused by seismic waves.

Off Through Within Like Although Unlike

 

Ex.7.

Найдите и исправьте лексико-грамматические и/или смысловые ошибки там, где они есть.

1) Heavy losses may cause fault movements.

2) The destructive effect is more greater on unconsolidated foundations.

3) Seismic phenomena is one of the most terrible geologic catastrophes.

4) Except the tectonic and volcanic earthquakes there are other known as collapse earthquakes.

5) Many geological hazards result from disasters.

6) Man-induced hazards result in man’s activity.

7) Withdrawal of ground water is caused by land subsidence.

8) Prediction of all geologic hazards has already become a reality.

 

Ex.8.

Раскройте скобки, выбрав правильный вариант.

1) (Except/besides) the above mentioned earthquakes (there/they) are (other/others) known as collapse earthquakes.

2) Collapse earthquakes occur (most/mostly) in the regions where (ready/readily) soluable rocks are (wide/widely) distributed.

3) The roofs of (some/same) caves are not (sufficient/sufficiently) strong and may (fall/fell) down into the cave. This (latter/later) type has a very limited range of action.

4) (Throughout/though) history there are (many/much) severe earthquakes which (result/have resulted) in disasters.

5) (However/nowhere), there (is/are) other seismic phenomena which (are/is) not directly connected with mountain-making processes.

6) Although heavy (loses/losses) may be (caused/coursed) by fault movements, (many/most) damage is due to seismic waves.

 

Ex.9.

Трансформируйте следующие словосочетания в предложения:

· catastrophes occurring in nature

· rocks subjected to increasing strain

· seismic waves shaking the ground

· the degree of shaking depending on the solidity of the ground

· mountain-making processes

· earthquakes connected with mountain-making processes

 

Ex.10.

Дополните предложения, использую информацию из текста.

1) The majority of earthquakes generally occur in young mountains which (nonstop growing).

2) Some earthquakes may occur in older mountains in which mountain-making process (to revive).

3) It (to prove) that most earthquakes are directly connected with mountain-making processes.

 

Ex.11.

Дайте определения понятиям из левой колонки, выбрав соответствующую информацию из правой.

1. Aseismic ridge is …..   2. Body waves are ….. 3. Fault is ….. 4. Fold is ….. 5. Foreshock is …..   6. Aftershock is …..   7. Seismic gap is …..   8. Intensity of an earthquake is …..

1. a fracture in rock along which displacement has occurred 2. a series of quakes that follow a large quake 3. aseismic region bounded by moving segments 4. a bend in rock 5. a submarine mountain chain with little or no seismic activity 6. a measure of the effects of an earthquake at a particular place on buildings and people 7. seismic waves that travel through the interior of the Earth 8. a small earthquake that precedes a large quake

 

1 -	3 -	5 -	7 -
2 -	4 -	6 -	8 -

 

Ex.12.

Найдите и исправьте лексические и/или грамматические ошибки в следующем тексте, приведите свой вариант текста.

What we can do about geologic hazards?

Both naturally occurred and man-induced hazards are normal geologically processes or events unless man gets in the way. Earthquakes are hazards when man live to close to the active fold area. There is several approaches to solving the problem. Some solution is too avoid the problem, another alternatives are too eliminate the hazard. The later approaches are more costly.

 

Ex.13.