Времена группы Perfect Continuous

to be в Perfect + Participle I

 

	Present Perfect Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous	Future Perfect Continuous
Affirmative	I We You have been writing They He She has been writing It	I We You They had been writing He She It	I shall have been We writing You They He will have been She writing It
Negative	I We have not (haven’t) You been writing They He has not (hasn’t) She been writing It	I We You They had not (hadn’t) He been writing She It	I shall not (shan’t) We have been writing You They He will not (won’t) She have been writing It
Interrogative	I Have We been You writing? They He Has She been It writing?	I We You Had They been writing? He She It	Shall I have been We writing? You They Will He have been She writing? It

 

Времена группы Perfect Continuous (совершенные длительные) образуются с помощью вспомогательного глагола to be в Perfect (Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future Perfect) и Participle I смыслового глагола.

Present Perfect Continuous выражает длительное действие, которое началось в прошлом, продолжается до настоящего времени либо закончилось непосредственно перед моментом речи. При употреблении этого времени обычно указан период времени, в течение которого совершается действие: for an hour (в течение часа), for a long time (долгое время), since 6 o’clock (с 6 часов), all my life (всю жизнь), all this week (month, year) — всю эту неделю (весь месяц, год) и др.

Past Perfect Continuous выражает длительное прошедшее действие, которое началось раньше другого прошедшего действия и все еще происходит в момент его наступления или закончилось непосредственно перед моментом наступления другого прошедшего действия. Период действия может быть указан: for 2 months (в течение двух месяцев), for a long time (давно, долго) и т.д.

Future Perfect Continuous выражает длительное будущее действие, которое начнется ранее другого будущего действия и будет еще совершаться в момент его наступления.

 

EXERCISES

 

Exercise 1. Make the following sentences negative and interrogative.

 

1. He has been painting this fence for a long time.

2. My secretary has been typing the report for 5 hours.

3. The boys have been trying to fix that bike since morning.

4. The tourists have been waiting for the guide since 4 o’clock.

5. You have been talking for almost an hour without stopping.

6. It has been snowing heavily during the whole night.

7. We have been looking for that café for half an hour.

8. He has been writing this letter since the lecture began.

9. He has been living in this city since 1970.

10. They have been repairing the road for the last five years.

 

Exercise 2. Ask questions to the following sentences beginning with the words in brackets:

1. They’ve been looking for a restaurant since they came to the town (who? where? what … for?).

2. She has been packing her suitcase since morning (what? why?).

3. Arthur has been driving for 6 hours without any rest (who?how?).

4. They’ve been answering their child’s questions the whole day (whose? what?).

5. Ed has been playing with his dog in the park since morning (who … with, where?).

6. She has been washing up since breakfast (who? what?).

7. Her husband has been watching football on TV since breakfast (who? what?).

8. Someone has been looking through my things (why?).

9. My mother has been staying with us for three weeks (who?).

10. He’s been working here since 1990. (How long?).

 

Exercise 3. Use the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Progressive.

 

1. She (to walk) in the park since morning. It’s time to have dinner, but she (not to come) yet.

2. She (to read) this book for 3 days and (to read) 300 pages already.

3. He (to drive) to London for 6 hours. How many miles he (to cover) by now?

4. How long you (to write) this test?

5. I (to learn) French since I was ten.

6. He (to solve) this puzzle at last!

7. Jack and Tony (to play) chess since they are here.

8. Barry (not to finish) doing his room yet.

9. The customers (to complain) about mixed-up bills all morning.

10. They (to pull down) the old houses in this street for the last few months.

 

Exercise 4. Join the following sentences. Use the Past Perfect Progressive Tense in the main clause.

Pattern: They began watching TV. After half an hour their parents came. — They had been watching TV for half an hour when their parents came.

1. The Thompsons went to live to Sussex. Six months later their son joined them.

2. We started to play football at about 3. Somewhere about half past 3 it began to rain.

3. Mother started cooking dinner. After 10 minutes Hazel came to help her.

4. Brian was trying to fix his car. After 3 hours he gave up the idea.

5. She worked for this company. After 25 years she retired.

6. My sister studied French. Then, after 5 years, she went to France.

7. We settled down in London. After a fortnight our two cousins joined us.

8. We sat down to dinner. After 5 minutes the door-bell rang.

9. Ann sat down and began to write her report.

The family began watching an interesting film. After half an hour the TV broke down.

 

Exercise 5. Use the Past Simple of the Past Perfect Progressive Tense instead of the infinitive in brackets.

 

1. He (to look) at her. He (to know) she (to cry).

2. She (to tell) him about her plan, which she (to think of) all morning.

3. Holly (to close) the book which she (to read) and (to look up) at her mother.

4. Through the window he (to see) the room where they (to sit) the previous night.

5. Paul (to think) for some time before he (to dare) to answer.

6. They (to sit down) to dinner which mother (to cook) all morning.

7. How long Tony (to read) when this terrible accident (to happen)?

8. When I (to come) everyone (to stop) talking.

9. How long this man (to stand) there and (to watch) you before you (to notice) him?

 

Exercise 6. Use the Future Perfect Progressive Tense or the Present Simple Tenses instead of the infinitives in brackets.

 

1. He (to write) a letter for 3 hours when you (to come).

2. He (to learn) French for 6 years already when he (to enter) this college.

3. Ann (to study) English for 10 months by the time he (to go) back to Syria in October.

4. By the time we (to get) to New Zealand, we (to fly) for 13 hours.

5. I (to sleep) for 2 hours by the time he (to get) home.

6. They (to ask) me silly questions for 2 hours. Why they (not to stop)?

7. The painter (to work) on this landscape for almost a year by Christmas.

8. By July 1 she (to live) here for 5 years.

9. They (to try) to solve this problem for 3 years by 2013.

10. We (to have) dinner for half an hour tomorrow when he (to call) for us.

 

Exercise 7. Translate into English.

1. Наконец я нашел книгу, которую долго искал.

2. Я буду писать доклад уже час, когда ты придешь.

3. Когда я вошел в комнату, они обсуждали эти новости больше часа.

4. Я жду тебя уже 15 минут.

5. Мы живем здесь около 15 лет.

6. Ты слишком долго слушаешь музыку.

7. Весь день идет снег.

8. Я работаю здесь с прошлого года.

9. Как давно она преподает в университете?

10. Что вы тут делаете с раннего утра?

Тема 5.8.: Проблемы молодежи

 

Study the words and the word-combinations.

 

poverty — бедность

decrease — уменьшать

peer pressure — давление сверстников

escape — убежать

drug abuse — злоупотребление наркотиками

pregnancy — беременность

juvenile delinquency — подростковая преступность

consume — потреблять

prohibit the sale — запретить продажу

obtain — получить

pledge — дать клятву

welfare assistance — социальная помощь

premarital sex — добрачный секс

contraceptive counseling — пропаганда контрацептивов

job referral — направление на работу

commit crimes — совершать преступления

be abused — подвергаться насилию

neglect — пренебрегать

drug addiction — наркозависимость

juvenile court — суд для подростков

punishment — наказание

tutoring — обучение, подготовка

 

I. Read the text

Youth problems

To some observers, teens today may seem spoiled (undisciplined and egocentric) compared to those of earlier times. The reality, however, is different. While poverty has decreased and political turmoil lessened, young people are still under many types of stress. Peer pressure, changing family conditions, mobility of families and unemployment are just a few reasons why some young people may try to escape reality by turning to alcohol or drugs. However, most young people in the US do not have problems with drinking, drug abuse, teen pregnancies or juvenile delinquency. Drug use (marijuana and cocaine are the most commonly used drugs) has decreased among young people in the United States within the last 11 years, though alcohol abuse has increased.

According to one of the government surveys, about 8 million teenagers are weekly users of alcohol, including more than 450,000 who consume an average of 15 drinks a week. And, although all 50 states prohibit the sale of alcohol to anyone under 21, some 6.9 million teenagers, including some as young as 13, reported no problem in obtaining alcohol using false identification cards. Although many teenagers say they never drive after drinking, one-third of the students surveyed admitted they have accepted rides from friends who had been drinking.

Many young Americans are joining organizations to help teenagers stop drinking and driving. Thousands of teenagers have joined Students Against Driving Drunk (SADU). They sign contracts in which they and their parents pledge not to drive after drinking. In some schools, students have joined anti-drug programs. Young people with drug problems can also call special telephone numbers to ask for help.

Aside from drug abuse, another problem of America’s youth is pregnancy among young women. One million teenagers become pregnant each year. Why are the statistics so high? The post-World War II baby boom resulted in a 43 per cent increase in the number of teenagers in the 1960s and 1970s. The number of sexually active teens also increased. And some commentators believe that regulations for obtaining federal welfare assistance unintentionally encourage teenage pregnancies.

Many community programs help cut down on the number of teenage pregnancies. Some programs rely on strong counseling against premarital sex and others provide contraceptive counseling, health care, sports programs, job referrals and substance abuse programs.

About one million young people run away from home each year. Most return after a few days or a few weeks, but a few turn to crime and become juvenile delinquents. Approximately one-third of those arrested for serious crimes were under 18 years of age. Why are young people committing crime? Among the causes are poor family relationships (often the children were abused or neglected while growing up), bad neighborhood conditions, peer pressure and sometimes, drug addiction.

Laws vary from state to state regarding juvenile delinquents. Once arrested, a juvenile must appear in a juvenile court. Juvenile courts often give lighter punishment to young people than to adults who commit the same crime. Juvenile courts hope to reform and rehabilitate the juvenile delinquent.

New programs to help troubled youths are created every year. They provide an after-school program at a junior high school to help keep teens from becoming juvenile delinquents. Young people сan go after school and talk to their peer counselors, receive academic tutoring or take part in athletic and social activities. Some communities offer weekday evening workshops in dance, art, music and theatre. They also sponsor social events, such as theatre productions, in which young people can participate. A lot of celebrities volunteer their time to increase teen crisis awareness.

 

II. Complete the following sentences according to the text.

 

1. Some young people turn to alcohol and drugs because of…

2. Most young people do not have problems with…

3. All the 50 states in the USA prohibit the sale of alcohol to anyone under…

4. One-third of the students accepted rides from…

5. After joining Students Against Driving Drunk (SADD) young people and their parents…

6. Aside from drug abuse, another problem of America’s youth is…

7. Some commentators believe that welfare assistance unintentionally…

8. Some programs rely on strong counseling against…

9. The “Teen Health Project” offers not only health care, but also…

10. Among the causes of committing crimes by young people are...

11. Juvenile courts often give lighter…

12. Some communities not only offer evening workshops in dance, art and music, but....

 

 

III. Find key words, phrases and topic sentences which best express the general meaning of each paragraph.

 

IV. Answer the questions and retell the text.

 

1. What does the older generation think about teens today?

2. Why do young people try to escape reality?

3. What are the statistics of an average consumption of alcohol among young people?

4. Is driving after drinking an urgent problem?

5. Why do many community programs provide contraceptive counseling?

6. What other projects are offered by them?

7. What are the causes of juvenile delinquency?

8. What punishment does a juvenile court give to young people?

9. What social programs are provided for juvenile delinquents?

 

 

Тест 1

1. December is... month of the year.

a) the twelveth

b) the twelfth

c) the twelvе

d) twelfth

 

2. Thirty-one plus twelve is....

a) fifty-three

b) fifty-two

c) forty-three

d) fourty-three

 

3. The man was in his...

a) thirties

b) thirteenth

c) thirty

d) thirtys

 

4. It happened....

a) on nineteen seventy-fifth

b) in nineteen seventy-fifth

c) in ninety seventy-five

d) in nineteen seventy-five

 

5. The article you are looking for is on....

a) the page 70

b) page 70^th

c) the page 70^th

d) page 70

 

6. There are about five... in Great Britain.

a) thousands libraries

b). thousand libraries

c) thousand library

d) thousandth libraries

 

7. In those years,... of the top people had been to public schools.

a) a two- third

b) the two-thirds

c) two-thirds

d) the two-third

 

8. His best-known book was published before... World War.

1. the Secondth

2. the Second

3. a Second

4. Second

 

9. Glasgow is... city in Britain.

a) a third large

b) the third larger

c) the third largest

d) a third largest

 

10. It was... painting.

a) a nineteenth-century

b) a nineteen-century

c) nineteenth-century

d) the nineteenth-century

 

11.... eggs were burnt to avoid bird flu in this region.

a) Dozens of

b) Dozen of

c) Dozen

d) Dozens

 

12. For further information see...

a) chapter 3rd

b) chapter 3

c) the capter 3

d) the third of chapter

 

13. Today Alaska has slightly over... people.

a) five hundreds of thousand

b) five hundreds thousand

c) five hundred thousands

d) five hundred thousand

 

14. School begins... in the morning.

a) at the 8 o’clock

b) at 8 o’clock

c) in 8 o’clock

d) at 8^th o’clock

 

15. The city is expecting extra tourists to celebrate... anniversary.

a) it’s three hundredth

b) its third hundredth

c) its three hundredth

d) its third hundred

 

Тест 2

1. He is flying better now than he... before.

a) flyed

b) flied

c) flew

d) flown

 

2. How often... tennis?

a) you play

b) does you play

c) you plays

d) do you play

 

3. I don’t understand this sentence. What...?

a) does mean this word

b) does this word mean

c) mean this word

d) this word mean

 

4. He... much next week.

a) works

b) will work

c) worked

d) does work

 

5. The girl... a new dress last Friday.

a) buyed

b) did buy

c) bought

d) buys

 

6.... help me, please?

a) Will you

b) You will

c) Did you

d) Shall you

 

7. Our cat... milk.

a) not drinks

b)doesn’t drink

c) don’t drink

d) isn’t drink

 

8. If she... hard, she’ll not pass her exams.

a) won’t study

b) don’t study

c) not studies

d) doesn’t study

 

9. Pineapples... in Belarus.

a) don’t grow

b) never grow

c) not grow

d) doesn’t grow

 

10. Mary usually... me on Fridays but she... last Friday.

a) phones, not phoned

b) phone, didn’t phone

c)phone, doesn’t phone

d) phones, didn’t phone

 

11. Water... at 100 degrees C.

a) boils

b) boil

c) will boil

d) boiling

 

12. When... him last?

a) did you met

b) did you meeted

c) did you meet

d) you met

 

13. I... you in two days.

a) will phone

b) phone

c) phones

d) would phone

 

14. The man... a letter and... me to post it.

a) wrote, ask

b) write, asked

c) writed, asked

d) wrote, asked

 

15. I wonder why... her to the party.

a) didn’t they invite

b) they didn’t invite

c) they not invited

d) they didn’t invited

 

16. He’ll phone you as soon as he... in London.

a) arrive

b) will arrive

c) arrived

d) arrives

 

17. She... drink a lot of coffee but now she... tea.

a) used to, preferes

b) used to, prefers

c) used, prefers

d) use, prefer

 

18.... translate the text?

a) Will I

b) Shall I

c) I will

d) Do I

 

19. How much... these apples...?

a) does... cost

b) does... costs

c) do...cost

d) do... costs

 

20. She... on her coat and... out.

a) puted, went

b) putted, went

c) puts, wents

d) put, went

Тест 3.

 

Выберите правильный вариант ответа.

 

1. He … to the radio when the telephone rang.

a) listened

b) is listening

c) was listening

d) listens

 

2. What … yesterday at five o’clock in the afternoon?

a) were you doing

b) was you doing

c) did you do

d) did you

 

3. My friends … to a concert tonight.

a) are going

b) is going

c) go

d) was going

 

4. It … the whole morning yesterday.

a) is raining

b) was raining

c) has been raining

d) will be raining

 

5. I … for you for almost two hours.

a) has been waiting

b) is waiting

c) have been waiting

d) have waited

 

6. She can’t help me right now, because she … on the phone.

a) talk

b) talks

c) will talk

d) is talking

 

7. While you … the shower, I’ll be cooking breakfast.

a) take

b) were taking

c) are taking

d) will take

 

8. They were wet because they … in the rain.

a) has been walking

b) walked

c) had walked

d) had been walking

 

9. The children … while their mothers were watching them.

a) were playing

b) played

c) are playing

d) was playing

 

a) He looks so tired. He … for his exam.

a) had studied

b) has been studying

c) have been studying

d) was studying

 

11. Don’t make any noise, he ….

a) sleeps

b) was sleeping

c) is sleeping

d) slept

 

12. He thought that I … all day.

a) shall be working

b) am working

c) shall work

d) should be working

 

13. I …for my examination in May.

a) shall prepare

b) shall be preparing

c) am preparing

d) prepare

 

14. If I … when you come, wake me up.

a) am sleeping

b) sleep

c) shall be sleeping

d) shall sleep

 

15. She … by the five o’clock train.

a) will leave

b) leaves

c) is leaving

d) will be leaving

 

 

Тест 4.

 

Выполните тест. Выберите правильный вариант.

1. We were good friends, we …each other for years.

a) had known

b) had knowing

c) were knowing

d) knew

 

2. He … his keys, now he can’t get into the house.

a) had lost

b) has losed

c) has lost

d) loses

 

3. I …here all my life.

a) have lived

b) have living

c) am living

d) live

 

4. The boy sitting next to me on the plane was nervous because he … before.

a) has not flown

b) did not fly

c) had not flown

d) has not been flying

 

5. We still … life on other planets.

a) didn’t discover

b) hadn’t discovered

c) won’t discover

d) haven’t discovered

 

6. After they … they cleared the table.

a) ate

b) had eaten

c) have eaten

d) were eating

 

7. …he … about the opera before?

a) had spoken

b) was speaking

c) has spoken

d) did speak

 

8. It’s the second time Kate … her passport.

a) lost

b) had lost

c) has losing

d) has lost

 

9. Mum … from work by six o’clock tomorrow.

a) will return

b) will be return

c) will be return

d) will have returned

 

10. We …from her since June.

a) have heard

b) haven’t heard

c) had heard

d) weren’t hearing

 

11. She … her exam by two o’clock.

a) passed

b) have passed

c) had passed

d) passes

 

12. He …ill twice so far this year.

a) is

b) has been

c) was

d) is being

 

13. They …us several telegrams lately.

a) send

b) ’ve sent

c) sent

d) will send

 

14. I was furious because I …and missed my train.

a) had overslept

b) overslept

c) have overslept

d) haven’t overslept

 

15. We …this TV set for five years.

a) had had

b) had

c) have

d) have had

Тест 5

1. Kate has been working here …

a) since two years b) two years ago c) for two years d) from two years

 

2. I … for a whole hour!

a) has been waiting b) am waiting c) had been waiting d) have been waiting

 

3. When I came to Tom’s place he said he … a report for two hours.

a) had wrote b) had been writing c) has been writing d) was writing

 

4. How long …English?

a) you have been studying b) has you been studying c) have you been studied d) have you been studying

 

5. I … for half an hour at this time tomorrow.

a) will have been working b) will have worked c) have will been working d) will have been worked

 

6. She said that she … keen on drawing.

a) was b) is c) has been d) were

 

7. Mary told me that she … to leave for London the next week.

a) is going b) has gone c) were going d) was going.

 

8. Jane said that she … a report on the Civil War.

a) had made b) has made c) made d) was made.

 

9. My sister … much lately.

a) worked b) have worked c) has worked d) has working

 

10. He asked me if Tom … yet.

a) hadn’t left b) left c) hadn’t leaved d) hasn’t left

 

11. I … the work by 8 o’clock tomorrow.

a) will have been finished b) will finished c) will finishing d) will have finished

 

12. She asked me how long I … English.

a) learn b) am learning c) had been learning d) had been learned

 

13. Do you know whose work …?

a) has just been discussed b) have just been discussed c) just discussed d) has just be discussed

 

14. I didn’t know he … a new book.

a) wrote b) has written c) writes d) had written

 

15. … John today?

a) Did you see b) Have you seen c) Have you see d) Has you seen