Имя Числительное (the numeral)

 

Имена числительные в английском языке делятся на количественные числительные (Cardinal Numerals), отвечающие на вопрос «сколько?», и порядковые числительные (Ordinal Numerals), отвечающие на вопрос «который?».

Количественные числительные от 13 до 19 образуются прибавлением суффикса -teen к основе. Числительные, обозначающие десятки, прибавляют к основе суффикс -ty. Порядковые числительные кроме первых трех (first, second, third) образуются прибавлением суффикса -th к соответствующему количественному числительному. Они употребляются с определенным артиклем.

 

Количественные (1 – 10)	Порядковые (1 – 10)	Количественные (11 – 20)	Порядковые (11 – 20)
1 — one 2 — two 3 — three 4 — four 5 — five 6 — six 7 — seven 8 — eight 9 — nine 10 — ten	the first the second the third the fourth the fifth the sixth the seventh the eighth the nineth the tenth	11 — eleven 12 — twelve 13 — thirteen 14 — fourteen 15 — fifteen 16 — sixteen 17 — seventeen 18 — eighteen 19 — nineteen 20 — twenty	the eleventh the twelfth the thirteenth the fourteenth the fifteenth the sixteenth the seventeenth the eighteenth the nineteenth the twentieth
Количественные (20 – 100)	Порядковые (20 – 100)
20 – twenty 21 – twenty-one 22 – twenty-two 23 – twenty-three 24 – twenty-four 30 – thirty 40 – forty 50 – fifty 60 – sixty 70 – seventy 80 – eighty 90 – ninety 100 – a (one) hundred	the twentieth the twenty-first the twenty-second the twenty-third the twenty-fourth the thirtieth the fortieth the fiftieth the sixtieth the seventieth the eightieth the ninetieth the hundredth	20th 21th 22nd 23d 24th 30th 40th 50th 60th 70th 80th 90th 100th
1,000 1,530 2,000 3,000 100,000 1,000,000	– a (one) hundred and one – one hundred and ten – two hundred – three hundred and fifty – a (one) thousand – a (one) thousand five hundred and thirty – two thousand – three thousand – a (one) hundred thousand – a (one) million

 

Дробные и смешанные величины
1/2 1/3 1/4 3/5   0.8     1.02   4.25	a (one) half a (one) third a (one) quarter three fifths   point eight nought [no:t] point eight o [ou] point eight one point nought two one point o [ou] two four point twenty-five	половина треть четверть три пятых

 

EXERCISES

Exercise 1. Write the following dates using numbers.

 

The tenth of February nineteen seventy-eight.

The first of July two thousand and three.

The fifth of March nineteen ninety-six

The third of November eighteen twenty-seven.

The thirtieth of June two thousand and nine.

The twelfth of February nineteen eleven.

The third of August seventeen forty-eight.

 

Exercise 2. Write the following dates using words.

 

01.03.2004, 13.10.1912, 25.11.1917, 21.12.2010, 04.05.1901

 

Exercise 3. Read and translate the following sentences:

 

1. William Shakespeare was born in 1564 and died in 1616 in Stradford-on-Avon. 2. Shakespeare wrote 37 plays. 3. The battle of Hastings took place in 1066. 4. Jack London was born on the 12^th of January 1876 and died in 1916. 5.On April 12, 1961 the whole world learned about Gagarin’s flight into space. 6. A new millenium began on the 1^st of January 2001.

 

Exercise 4. Say in English:

 

а) 1 сентября 1986 года

7 ноября 1990 года 21 января 1638 года

9 октября 1847 года 22 апреля 1907 года

21 июня 1945 года 11 февраля 1972 года

5 июля 2006 года 13 марта 2000 года

 

б)

1 325 543 книги первый автобус

2 798 студентов сороковая страница

365 дней тридцать шестой размер

около 18 000 студентов часть первая

более 1 500 000 человек номер двенадцать

менее 1000 страниц том второй

 

Exercise 5. Answer the questions.

 

1. When do we celebrate the first day of spring (Victory Day, New Year’s day, Christmas, Women’s Day, May Day, Cosmonautics Day, Independence Day)?

2. When were you born?

3. When was Baranovichi founded?

4. How much is 543 plus 2198?

5. What time is it now?

 

 

Тема 5.2. Высшее образование в Республике Беларусь. Мой университет

Грамматическая тема: Времена группы Simple

 

Study the words and the word-combinations.

 

qualify — обучать, готовить к какой-либо деятельности

qualified — подготовленный, квалифицированный

solve —решать

complex — сложный

face — сталкиваться с

prospects — планы на будущее, перспектива

humanities — гуманитарные науки

illiterate — неграмотный

carry out research — проводить исследования

determining — решающий, определяющий

training — подготовка

equal — равный

conform — соответствовать

spirit and requirements — дух и требования

available — доступный

scholarship — стипендия

correspondent courses — заочное обучение

administrate — управлять

of late — в последнее время

tuition — обучение

free of charge — бесплатный

term — семестр

creatively — творчески

graduate — заканчивать ВУЗ; выпускник

adapt — приспосабливать

grounding — обучение, подготовка

obtain — получать

practical training — практика

postgraduate courses — аспирантура

defend a thesis — защищать диссертацию

 

I. Match the synonyms.

 

adapt set up

free of charge plan

found tuition

obtain free

available difficult

prospect correspond

qualified adjust

staff acquire

complex rule

administrate confront

conform skilled

face qualifying

training accessible

grounding personnel

 

II. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate words from the list below:

 

equal, solve, hostels, postgraduate courses, defend, humanities, determining, research, terms, scholarships

1. Only highly qualified specialists can... the complex problems which our society faces.

2. He’s got greater abilities for... than for natural sciences.

3. Important... is carried out in the BSU.

4. All young people in Belarus have... opportunities to acquire higher education.

5. The role of universities in the system of higher education is....

6. Students who study well get....

7. The academic year is divided into two....

8. Some graduates enter... to get more specialized study and to... a thesis.

9. A lot of students live in....

 

III. Read and translate the text.

 

 

Higher Education in Our Country. Baranovichi State University.

A national higher school system plays an important role in the development of our country. Only highly qualified specialists can solve the most complex problems facing our society. Knowledge, science and culture open the prospects for the future. The efforts of the Belorussian scientists have always been focused on the fundamental problems of humanities, natural and social sciences.

At the beginning of the 20th century about 80 per cent of the Belorussian population were illiterate. Now Belarus is a country with a high educational level. There are 38 state higher educational institutions and the Academy of Sciences which was founded in 1929 to carry out research in different fields of science. The total number of students in our Republic is about 2,5 million (25 per cent of the population

The Belorussian State University, the National Technical University, the University of National Economy and many others are the largest scientific and educational centres in the national higher school system of Belarus. Today the role of universities in the system of higher education becomes determining as they give training in fundamental humanities and natural sciences.

The basic principle of the organization of national education in Belarus is an equal opportunity for all its citizens. It should conform to the spirit and requirements of the time we live.

Specialized secondary and higher education is available for everyone according to his abilities. Every citizen can get free education in state institutions if he passes the entrance examinations successfully. One of the necessary qualifications for higher school is complete secondary education. Entrance examinations differ depending on the choice of a higher school. People can get a higher education through the full-time, evening and correspondent courses. Those who study well receive scholarships. All higher schools in Belarus are controlled by the state and are uniformly administrated. The system of public education is being constantly improved and that is a logical process.

Along with state higher schools existing in the Republic many non-state institutes of higher learning have been opened in different towns of late. Thousands of young people who for some reason couldn't enter any of the state educational establishments have got an opportunity to continue their studies and to get a higher education. Tuition in non-state institutes is not free of charge, it is rather expensive. But everybody knows that money spent on the brain is never spent in vain.

The academic year is divided into two terms, each ending in examinations. The students attend lectures and practical classes and have every opportunity to develop their talents and gifts. Sport has become an essential part of students' life and they can do any sports they like.

The higher school today does not only give knowledge to the students but develops their abilities to think creatively and to work productively. Today's scientific and technological progress demands of the higher school graduates to be prepared to deepen their knowledge individually and adapt themselves quickly to the changes in the branches of science or industry they have chosen as their speciality. This means that future specialists must be given a good grounding in basic subjects. In order to obtain practical experience all the students of higher schools have practical training at different enterprises, schools and offices.

Every year thousands of graduates receive diplomas of higher education and start working in different branches of science, economy and production. Some of them enter postgraduate courses to get more specialized study and to defend a thesis on a chosen scientific problem. We have every right to say that the future of our country in many respects depends upon the quality of education received by its citizens.

Baranovichi State University was founded in 2004. Before that there had been four separate educational establishments: a pedagogical college, two non-state institutes and a branch of the National Technical University. In 2004 they were united into Baranovichi State University by a decree of the President. The University consists of four departments: the Law and Economics, the Engineering Department, the Pedagogical Department and the Department of Foreign Languages. The university trains lawyers, economists, engineers and teachers.

Baranovichi State University also has different sports clubs and societies, so its students can practise skiing, skating, gymnastics, boxing, playing different sports games, as well as acting on the stage, singing, dancing and participating in other extra-curriculum activities.

The University has three hostels and many students who come to study here from other towns and villages live in them.

Baranovichi State University is quite a young educational establishment but it has a great potential and a lot has been done and is being done for its development by the state authorities and the University staff.

 

IV. Find in the text the English equivalents of the following phrases:

 

высоко квалифицированные специалисты

открывать широкие возможности

с высоким уровнем образования

общее количество студентов

основной принцип

доступный всем

законченное среднее образование

вечернее и заочное обучение

негосударственные учебные заведения

посещать лекции и семинары

приобретать практический опыт

получить диплом

был основан

состоит из

заниматься гимнастикой

внеклассные мероприятия

большой потенциал

 

V. Answer the following questions:

 

1. How many institutions of higher education are there in the Republic of Belarus?

2. What is the basic principle of the organization of national education in our country?

3. Why does the role of universities in the system of higher education become determining?

4. Is free higher education available for everyone in Belarus?

5. What changes have taken place in the system of Belorussian higher education of late?

6. In what way do the students obtain practical experience when studying at higher schools?

7. When was BSU founded?

8. What departments does it consist of?

9. What’s your opinion of the system of higher education in our country? What’s the way of improving it?

 

VI. Find out what paragraph of the text deals with the following statestments:

 

1. The educational level in the Republic of Belarus improved greatly in the 20^th century.

2. If you want to enter a university you should pass your secondary school finals.

3. Future specialists are trained in both theoretical and practical spheres.

4. Some graduates continue their studies after graduating from universities.

5. Along with state educational establishments there exist other types of them.

6. The students of this university have an opportunity to do a lot of things at their leisure time

Группа времен Simple

 

	Present	Past	Future
Affirmative	I We You work They   He She works It	I We You They worked He She It	I shall work We   You They He will work She It
Negative	I We do not You (don’t) work They   He does not She (doesn’t) It work	I We You did not They (didn’t) He work She It	I shall not (shan’t) We will not (won’t) work   You They will not He (won’t) She work It
Interrogative	I Do we work? you they   he Does she work? it	I we you Did they work? he she it	Shall I work? we   you they Will he work? she it

 

Времена группы Indefinite обозначают обычное, регулярное, повторяющееся действие, либо указывают на сам факт его совершения в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем.

С временами группы Indefinite обычно употребляются следующие словосочетания:

1. Present Indefinite: often, seldom, always, usually, regularly, every day, sometimes, as a rule.

2. Past Indefinite: yesterday, last week (month, year), the day before yesterday, ago. Все английские глаголы делятся на правильные и неправильные. Правильные глаголы образуют формы Past Indefinite путем прибавления суффикса -еd к основе глагола; to stop — stopped — stopped.

Формы неправильных глаголов следует заучивать; to write — wrote — written.

3. Future Indefinite: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week (month, year), in a day (week, month).

Future Indefinite не употребляется в придаточных предложениях времени и условия после союзов if, when, before, after, as soon as, till, until. В этих предложениях вместо Future Indefinite употребляется Present Indefinite. На русский язык переводится будущим временем. Например: I shall enter the University when I finish school. Я поступлю в университет, когда закончу школу.

 

Exercises

 

Exercise 1. Analize the use of the tenses in the following sentences.

 

1. Dogs bark but do not always bite. 2. Does your cat drink milk? 3. Man proposes, God disposes. 4. Misfortunes never come singly. 5. If we take a taxi, we shall be in time there. 6. The train leaves at 12.30.

1.Charles Babbage,a professor of mathematics at Cambridge University, invented the first calculating machine in 1812. 2. Long, long time ago the people of Egypt made paper from the tall grass that grew on the banks of the river Nile. 3. Once there was a man who went to the market every day. He used to go there at the same time and always bought three loaves of bread. 4. Where did you spend your last holidays? 5. I didn’t go out yesterday.

1. I shall make coffee for you. 2. In five years he will work as a lawyer. 3. Don’t bother. I’ll drive you home. 4. A drowning man will catch at a straw. 5. The bag is too heavy. I’ll help you with it. 6. I won’t tell anybody about it. 7. Will you open the window, please? 8. Shall I read the text?

 

Exercise 2. Make the sentences negative and interrogative.

 

1. He plays tennis twice a week. 2. Yesterday we went to University on foot. 3. Nick will work as a teacher. 4. My friend saw an interesting film last Tuesday. 5. Her cousin will go abroad next summer. 6. She entered the Economic Faculty. 7. They usually buy newspapers in the morning. 8. We shall make coffee for him. 9. Den studies at the University.

 

Exercise 3. Put general questions to the following statements and give short and full answers to them.

 

1. I know him well. 2. Our English teacher speaks three foreign languages. 3. We shall move to a new flat next month. 4. He sold his car last week. 5. They arrived home an hour ago. 6. The children often swim in the river. 7. In five years he will work as an economist. 8. It takes me ten minutes to get touniversity.

 

Exercise 4. Put questions to the italicized words.

 

1. The train leaves at 9. 2. We have supper at 8 p. m. 3. Old ladies like to sit by fire. 4. His grandparents live in Glasgo. 5. He visits his grandparents very often. 6. Her brother made three mistakes in his test. 7. He worked at a plant last year. 8. They will remember this day forever. 9. My father usually watches TV in the evening.

 

Exercise 5. Open the brackets using the necessary tense form.

 

1. Nurses (look) after patients in hospitals. 2. Ann (play) the piano,but she (not play) it very well. 3. At night when it (get) dark, they (switch) on the TV or the radio and (listen) to music. 4. I (learn) to drive a car some years ago.5. As soon as he (come) home, I’ll phone you. 6. I (see) you next week? 7. You (mind) if I (ask) you a question? –That (depend) on the question. 8. You (go) abroad last year? 9. Mr. Brown (be) forty next April. 10. How old you (be) next year? 11. I (not want) to see John, so when he (enter) the room I (leave). 12. If it (not rain) tomorrow we (go) to the country. 13. Why you (not switch) the light when you (leave) the house? 14. It often (snow) in your country in winter? 15. His mother often (tell) him that he (spend) too much money but he never (listen). 16. You (not get) any sweets until you (tidy up) your room. 17. The train (arrive) at 12.30. 18. I (not write) to him unless he (write) to me.

 

 

Exercise 6. Translate into English.

 

1. Она не говорит по-французски. 2. Она вошла в комнату, сняла пальто и надела тапочки. 3. Где работает твой отец? 4. Завтра будет дождь? 5. Мы не видели этот фильм. Мы хотим посмотреть его в воскресенье. 6. Боюсь, что когда он придет меня не будет дома. 7. Нам делать это упражнение? 8. Дети съели яблоки, не правда ли?