B. Write four paragraphs about your city. Begin each paragraph with the same words in bold as in the text about London. Write 100 - 150 words.

Paragraph 1 How big is it? Where is it?

Paragraph 2 What is it famous for?

Paragraph 3 Does it have any problems?

Paragraph 4 What would you do if you were there?

Politics

Reading

Study the Word List.

politics – политика

government – правительство

govern/rule/run the country – править/управлять страной

ruler/ leader – правитель, лидер

monarchy – монархия

republic – республика

democracy – демократия

dictatorship – диктатура

political position – политическая позиция

representative – представитель

elections take place/are held – выборы происходят, проводятся

vote for – голосовать за

political party – политическая партия

economic policy – экономическая/хозяйственная политика

foreign policy – внешняя политика

Complete the table. Use a dictionary if necessary.

verb	general noun	person
believe	belief	believer
-	politics
govern
		voter
dictate
rule
		leader

Answer the questions, using the words from the Word List.

1 What is your political position?

2 Do you take part in elections?

3 Do you belong to any political party?

4 Do you approve the government policy?

Read the text paying attention to the words in bold and do the task after it.

Politics [32]

Types of government

Monarchy: a state ruled by a king or queen (= the king or queen has power and control). Some countries, e.g. the UK, have a monarchy, but the monarch is not the ruler.

Republic: a state governed by representatives (= men or women chosen by the people) and a president, e.g. the USA or France. People who believe in this system are republicans.

Democracy: a system of government in which leaders are chosen by the people, e.g. France or the United Kingdom. People who believe in this system are democrats.

Dictatorship: a system of government in which one person rules the country (= one person has total power). This person is called a dictator.

Political positions

The government is very reactionary (= they don’t want any changes). The opposition(= the main political party which is not in government) is more radical (= they want to make changes to the system). The Prime Minister is quite right-wing(= conservative/ capitalist), and the leader of the opposition is more left-wing(= socialist).

Elections

In a democracy, people vote for the political party they want to form the government. They do this in an election(= when everyone votes). Quite often elections take place/are held (= happen) every five years…

Government

Political systems are different all over the world. In the UK, when a political party wins a majority(= 51% or more) of seats(= official places in parliament) in an election, they are in power(= the government of the country), and their leader(= person in control of the party) becomes Prime Minister.The government must have policies (= programmes of action) to run (= manage and control) the country. This means, for example, an economic policy, and a foreign policy.

Write a synonym for each of these phrases.

1 a person in control of the party = a leader

2 men or women chosen by the people = ___________

3 a system in which one person has total power = __________

4 the main political party which is not in government = _____

5 the selection when everyone votes = ____________

6 programmes of action = ____________

 

Complete these sentences with a suitable word.

 

1About 42% _____ forthe socialists in the election.

2 Every four/six years people ______ a new president.

3 The election _____ placenext week, and the Liberals hope to form the next government.

4 The leader of _______ is more radical.

5 The government have policies to ______ the country.

6 Еhe ______ is not the rulerin the UK.

 

Complete the table with the names of rulers and people who believe in this or that system.

types of government	rulers	people who believe in
1. monarchy 2. republic 3. democracy 4. dictatorship	1. monarch 2.__/__ 3.___/__ 4.	1. monarchist 2. 3. 4. –

Study the table and do the tasks below.

Major English Speaking Countries

country	capital	type of government status
Europe
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK)	London	a constitutional monarchy
Ireland	Dublin	a republic
Gibraltar	Gibraltar (City)	a British colony
Malta	Valletta	a republic
America
the United States of America (the USA)	Washington	a federal republic, a union of 50 states
Canada	Ottawa	A federative state, a member of the Commonwealth headed by the British monarch
Australia
The Commonwealth of Austra­lia (Australia)	Canberra	a federative state, a member of the Commonwealth headed by the Queen
New Zealand	Wellington	an independent state, a mem­ber of the Commonwealth headed by the British Queen

Make a few sentences with the words from the table above. You may give additional information if you know.

Study the table and make sentences with these words.

political system	politician	political party
conservatism	conservative	conservative
socialism	socialist	socialist
social democracy	social democrat	democratic
liberalism	liberal	liberal
communism	communist	communist

e.g. People who believe in social democracy are social democrats.

It is a democratic government, with liberal beliefs.

 

Rewrite the sentences using the words on the right. The meaning must be the same. Make any necessary changes.

1.

It’s in every part of the world……………………………ALL

It’s all over the world.

2.

Elections take place every five years…………………...HELD

Elections………………………………………………..

3.

The government is socialist……………………………WING

The government is……………………………………

4.

I’m a democrat…………………………………….BELIEVE

I …………………………………………………..

5.

Who controls the country at the moment?..................POWER

Who…………………………………………………