I. PaccKIDKHTe HJIH uanumuTe.

(a) the boy who went to buy butter.

(b) the man who had the headache.

(c) the man whose tooth was drilled.

II. OnumuTe.

(a) Frieda's visit to the grocer's.

(b) Olaf s visit to the doctor.

(c) Hob's visit to the dentist.

LESSON 27

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

B ypoKe 26 HaM BCTpeTRJIOCh HeCKOJihKO Bhlp(l)Kemrtl:, oT­ HOCJIIIIMXCJI K CMCTeMe Mep M Beca, HarrpMMep: "a pound of butter", "a pint of milk", "twelve stone two".

AHrnMHCKaJI CMCTeMa Mep M Beca e111e 6onee 3arryraHa, He)KeJIM aHrJIMMCKaJI)J;eHe)KHaJI cMcTeMa. K cqacThIO, BaM He tty)KHO 3HaTb ee BCIO; BaM IIOHa)J;065ITC51 Bcero JIMIIIb OCHOB­

Hhle Mephl, KOTOpbIX He TaK MHOro - O)J;MHHa)J;llaTh RJIM)J;Be­ Ha)J;llaTb.

,[(AA o603HaqeHM51 B 6bITY caMoro MaJieHbKOro Beca Mbl IIOJih3yeMcJI yttIIMeM: (ounce, coKp. oz.). B cl>YHTe (pound, coKp. lb.) 16 YHllMM:. Ha YHllMM MhI rroKYITaeM KOHcPeTh1, rn6aK M MHOr)J;a CMrapeTbl. BOJibIIIMHCTBO 6aKaJieMHbIX TOBapoB (caxap, Maeno, Chip M)J;p.) RJIM cPPYKTOB (516JIOKM, rpYIIIM, 3eMJI5IHM­

Ka) Mbl IIOKYITaeM Ha cPYJIThl, IIOJicPyttTa RJIM qernepTb cPYHTa. qeThIPHMllaTh cPYJITOB COCTaBJI5IIOT O)J;MH CTOYJI (stone).

Bee JIIO)J;e:tl: Bcer)J;a)J;aeTcJI B cToyttax M cPYJITax. HarrpM­ Mep, MMCTep IlpMCTJIM BeCMT 11 CTOYJIOB M 9 cPYJITOB (a He

163 cl>YHTa). EcnM Halli Bee CTaHOBMTCJI MeHhIIIe, MhI roBo­ pMM, qTo TepJieM Bee (to lose weight); ecnM OH YBeJIJfqMBaeT­ cJI, MhI roBopMM, qTO Ha6MpaeM Bee (to gain weight) M (to put on weight). qaCTO MO)KHO YCJibIIIIaTb KaK MOJIO)J;ble MaMbl M rraIIhl c rop)J;OCThIO roBOp5IT' qTo RX MaJibIIII 3a IIOCJie)J;HIOIO He)J;eJIIO rrpM6aBRJI 4 YHllMM B Bece.

H ob: Iheard of a baby that was fed on elephant's milk and put on 11lb. eve­ ry day.

F r i e d a: Oh, Hob, that's absurd!

Whose baby was it?

H ob: The elephant's.

M r. P r i e s t 1e y: There are 8 stones, or 112 lb., in a hundredweight (written cwt.), and 20 hundred weights in 1 ton. A "sack" of potatoes is a hundredweight. We sometimes buy coal it hundredweight

Small boy (pointing to

man on weighing ma­ chine that is out of or­ der and is showing only 1stone): I say, Bill, he must be hollow!

bags or sacks, but if we have room for it we buy it by the half-ton or ton.

We measure liquids in pints, quarts and gallons. There are 2 pints in a quart and 4 quarts in a gallon. Milk is sold in

half-pint, pint or quart bottles, beer in half-pint or pint glasses and in pint and quart bottles. We buy petrol in 2-gallon tins or we get a number of gallons from the pump.

Finally, for length the principal measurement, are inches, feet, yards and miles. The easiest way to remember them, per­ haps, is by little tables like these:

12 inches (in.) = 1 foot (ft.) 3 feet (ft.) = 1 yard (yd.) 1,760 yards = 1 mile.

16 ounces (oz.) = 1 pound (lb.) 14 pounds = 1 stone

112 pounds, or 8 stones = 1 hundredweight (cwt.)

20 hundredweights = 1 ton.

2 pints =1 quart (qt.)

4 quarts = 1 gallon (gal.)

H o b: I know another one: Two pints, one quart,

Two quarts, one fight. One fight, two policemen.

Two policemen, one judge. One judge, fourteen days.

I like the story, too, about the policeman who was giving evidence in the police court about a man that he bad arrested very late the night before for being drunk. It goes like this:

J u d g e: What are your reasons for supposing the prisoner was drunk?

P o l i c e m a n: Well, sir, at two o'clock this morning I saw the prisoner going along Whitehall. He crossed the road to­ wards the Houses of Parliament, went to the letter-box, put a penny inside, looked up at Big Ben and said: "Good heavens, I've lost a stone and a half '.

 

"I'VE LOST A STONE AND A HALF"

t::5. Y nP A >K HE HHSI

I. Ilplf,!Q'Maifre npe;:vm:xceuIDI co cJioBaMn:

 

1. confusing	5. arrest	9. evidence
2. groceries	6. weight	10. scales
3. sweets	7. liquid	11. hollow
4. sack	8. length	12. pump

II. OTBeTbTe ua Bonpocw:

1. How many ounces are there in a pound; pounds in a stone; stones in a hundredweight; hundredweights in a ton?

2. How many inches are there in a foot, feet in a yard, yards in a mile?

3. How many pints are there in a quart, quarts in a gallon?

4. What is bought (a) by the ounce, (b) by the pound,

(c) by the ton?

5. What is bought (a) by the pint, (b) by the quart, (c) by the gallon?

6. What is the weight in stones and pounds of people who weight (a) 99 lb., (b) 125 lb., (c) 158 lb., (d) 198 lb.,

(e) 224 lb.?

7. What is the cost of (a) 6 quarts of milk at 61/2 d a pint,

(b) 1 lb. of tobacco at 4s. 6d. an ounce, (c) a ton of coal at 6s. 6d. a cwt., (d) 7 yards of telephone wire at l1/2d. a foot?

8. How many pounds did the man in Hob's story think he had lost?

III. CocTaBbTe paccKa3 o noJiuu,eiicKoM,)J;a1mu,eM noKa3aHIDI.

LESSON 28

THE ARTICLES

M r. P r i e s t 1e y: There are two adjectives, perhaps the two commonest words in the language, that we ought to con­ sider for a few minutes. I mean a (an), generally called the "indefinite article", and the, the "definite article".

 

A and An

1. A is used before a word beginning with a consonant sound; an before a word beginning with a vowel sound or an "h ", that is not sounded 1, e.g.

a book, a horse, a child.

an apple, an open book, an angry child.

rn,

We say a European, a one-eyed man, a useful book, be­ cause the first sounds in these words are not vowel sounds but consonant ones [w], Ll].

2. The usual meanings of a or an are:

(a) one, e.g.

I have a sister and two brothers.

I want three pounds of sugar and a pound of butter.

(b) Any, it doesn't matter which, e.g.

A shilling is equal to 12 pennies. Pass me a fork, please.

3. Note the use of a and an:

(a) in certain expressions of measurement, e.g. Lucille drives at 60 miles an hour.

This material is 2s. 6d, a yard. Butter is 4/_ a pound.

We have lessons three times a week. He earns £1,000 a year.

(b) before dozen, hundred, thousand, million, e.g. There are a dozen eggs here.

There were a hundred sheep in the field.

4. Compare the sentences:

(a) I have a few friends in London.

(b) I have few friends in London.

Both are correct, but each has a different meaning. In sen­ tence (a) you are told that I have some friends; in sentence (b) it is fewness that is emphasised. So ifyou said to me, "I have a few

 

1 HarrpHMep, rrepe):(cnoBaMH honour, honest, hour, heir.

friends in London", I might perhaps reply, "That is very nice for you, you will be able to visit them". Ifyou said, "I have few friends in London", I might then reply, "I am sorry about that; you must be rather lonely". Do you see the difference?

There is exactly the same difference between little and a little,

e.g.

(a) I have a little money to spare every year on books and pictures, and so I have now quite a good collection.

(b) I have little money to spare for books and pictures, I need all the money that I have to live.

The

1. Before abstract nouns used in a general sense we don't put the, e.g.

Life is very hard for some people. (Not "the life").

We will have freedom or death. (Not "the freedom", etc.) Work is better than laziness.

But we use the before abstract nouns that are limited or qualified, e.g.

The life we live is hard. The freedom of the seas... The work that we do...

2. Before names or materials used in a general sense, e.d. Butter is made from cream. (Not "the butter"... "the cream"). Wheat is grown in Canada.

3. Before plural nouns used in a general sense, e.g. Books are my best friends.

but The books that are on the table are mine.

I am referring in the second sentence not to books in gen- eral but to some particular books.

4. Before most proper nouns, e.g.

I walked in Hyde Park. (Not "the Hyde Park"). Do you know Regent Street?

Lucille comes from France.

But generally before the names of rivers and chains of moun- tains we use the, e.g.

The Thames, The Danube, The Alps, The Ands.

We also use it with countries that are plural in form, e.g.

The United States, The Netherlands.

5. Before names of meals used in a general sense, e.g. dinner

Come to { lunch } with me.

tea

But

Are you coming to the dinner we are having in London next week?

A and The

A is more general in meaning; the is more particular.

1. The means "the particular one", e.g.

This is the book that Ipromised to lend you.

2. Or "the only one", e.g.

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. (There is only one sun, one east and one west.)

3. Or "the one we have just spoken about".

So we we might begin - as the fairy stories do -

"Once upon a time there was a little boy. The boy grew up..."

A LITTLE MORE ON THE "PARTS OF SPEECH"

M r. P r i e s t 1e y: I gave you, in Lesson 5, the simple def­ inition of each part of speech so that you could recognize them when Ireferred to them. But we have learned quite a lot more about them since then and, as Ishall not be giving you any more talks on grammar until we come to Book III, I think this is a good place to gather together what we have learned, and see what charateristics each part of speech has that mark it off from all the others:

(1) Cym,ecTBHTeJibHOe. 11MeeT rroKa3aTem1 qMcna, B HeKo­ TOpbIX CJiyqaJIX - po.r:i:a. y HMX HeT IIOKa3aTeJieM BpeMeHM MJIM 3aJIOra. IIo OTHOIIIeHMIO K rnarony OHM BbICTYIIaIOT KaK IIOMe2K:aII1ee MJIM.Il:OIIOJIHeHMe M HMeIOT rrpM ce6e rrpe.Il:JIOf. He MMeIOT cTerreHeli cpaBHemrn. E.r:i:MHCTBeHHa5I «rra.r:i:e2K:HmI

<l>opMa» - <l>opMa rrpMTIDK:aTeJibHOfO rra.r:i:e2K:a.

(2) MecTouMeuus. 11MeIOT Te 2K:e xapaKTepMCTMKM, qTQ 11cy­ II1eCTBHTeJI 1>H1>Ie. KpoMe 3Toro HMeIOT PM <l>opM ofo,eKTHoro rra.r:i:e2K:a.

(3) IlpHJiaraTeJILHLie. 11MeIOT <l>opMbI cTerreHeli cpaBHe­ HIDI. Mx 061>1qHoe MecTo - rrepe.r:i: CYII1eCTBHTeJI 1>H1>IMH MJIH rrocne rnarona to be. OHM He HMeIOT rra.r:i:e2K:a, BpeMeHH, 3aJIO­ ra, JIMila. JlMIIIb y HeKOTOpbIX 113 HMX eCTb KaTeropIDI qMcJia.

(4) Hape11us. 06na.r:i:aroT TeMM 2K:e xapaKTepMCTMKaMH, qTQ 11 rrpMJiaraTeJI 1>H1>1e. CTOHT, KaK rrpaBMJIO, rrocne rnaronoB MJIH rrepe.r:i: rrpMJiaraTeJI 1>H1>IMM.

(5) fJiarOJibl. 11MeIOT <l>opMbl BpeMeHM, 3aJIOra, JIMila, q11c­ Jia. He HMeIOT po.r:i:a, cTerreHeli cpaBHeHIDI, rra.r:i:e2K:eli. Mx 061>N-

Hoe MeCTO - Me)]()l,y,Il;B)'MH cyw,eCTBHTeJihHhIMH HJIH MeCTO­

HMeHIDIMH, JIH60 Me)]()l,y cyw,eCTBHTeJihHhlM II rrpHJiaraTeJih­ HhIM HJIM HapeqMeM. OHM qacTo rrpM,n:aIOT 3HaqeHMe rrepexo­

.n:a,n:eii:cTBIDI c O,Il;HOro cyrn,eCTBMTeJihHOro Ha,n:pyroe.

(6) CoI03hI u npe,n:.Jioru. He o6Jia,n:aIOT HM o,n:Ho:H: M3 xapaK­ TepMCTMK, rrepeqMCJieHHhIX BhIIIIe qacTeM peqM. IloKa3bIBaIOT CB513h Me)]()l,y CJIOBaMM HJIM rpyrrrraMM CJIOB.

Y nP A >K HE HHSI

I. BcTaB&Te a HJIH an:

1. He is - honest man, I will give him - day's work.

2. That is - usual way of working.

3. He has - uncle who is - teacher at - university.

4. He had - hot breakfast at - hotel in Blackpool.

5. They worked for half - hour and then began to read - historical novel.

II. 06'bHCHHTe pa3HHIQ' Me11\ZQ':

(1) few and a few,

(2) little and a little.

III. 3a,z1,aii're uonpoc&1 K npuBe,!l;eHHblM HIDKe npe,n.Jio:>KeHHJIM. Ha'llluaifre

BODpOCbl CJie,!Q'IOIIIHMH CJIOBaMu:

How? How much? How many? Who? When? Do you? Did you? Have you? Were you? What? Where? Why? Which?

1. All are here except Olaf and Pedro.

2. They are coming back on Thursday.

3. Yes, I had a very nice holiday.

4. I have been in England for three years.

5. I came here in 195 -.

6. No, I didn't take my car with me.

7. I shall stay for a fortnight.

8. Yes, we went for a long drive.

9. Yes, it was rather expensive.

10. I wrote home for more.

11. They collected about £2,000.

12. There were about three thousand.

13. I stayed in London over Christmas.

14. Because you get a very good meal there.

15. Oh, about £5.

LESSON 29

MEALS

F r i e d a: Could you please tell us something about English meals and food and cooking - how to lay the table and so on? I am going to keep house for an English family in the summer holidays and I want to know as much as I can about it before I go.

M r. P r i e s t 1e y: Well, here is Mrs. Priestley. She can tell you about it better than I can.

M r s. P r i e st 1e y: Oh, yes; I will do that gladly.

The usual meals are breakfast, lunch, tea and supper. Break­ fast is generally a bigger meal than you have on the Conti­ nent 1, though some English people like a "continental" break­ fast of rolls and butter and coffee. But the usual English breakfast is porridge or "Com Flakes" with milk or cream and sugar, bacon and eggs, marmalade (made from oranges) with but­ tered toast, and tea or coffee. For a change you can have a boiled egg, cold ham, or perhaps fish.

We generally have lunch about one o'clock. The business man in London usually finds it impossible to come home for lunch, and so he goes to a cafe or restaurant; but if I am making lunch at home I have cold meat (left over probably from yesterday's dinner), potatoes, salad and pickles, with a pudding or fruit to follow. Sometimes we have a mutton chop, or steak and chips, followed by biscuits and cheese, and some people like a glass of light beer with lunch.

Afternoon tea you can hardly call a meat, but it is a sociable sort of thing, as friends often come in then for a chat while they have their cup of tea, cake or biscuit.

In some houses dinner is the biggest meal of the day. We had rather a special one last night, as we had an important visitor from South America to see Mr. Priestley.

We began with soup, followed by fish, roast chicken, pota­ toes and vegetables, a sweet, fruit and nuts. Then we went into sitting-room for coffee and cigarettes.

But in my house, as in a great many English homes, we make the midday meal the chief one of the day, and in the evening we have the much simpler supper - an omlette, or sausages, sometimes bacon and eggs and sometimes just bread and cheese, a cup of coffee or cocoa and fruit.

1 The Continent = Europe.

 

,1

u, -;;;;;·a;-;;r;=;;i;.;...=-i (!!!11

\.,>::==n I/ l f /

.... c...:: ---""'=-

UNCLE ALBERT HAS AFTERNOON TEA

H o b: My Uncle Albert always has "high tea". He says he has no use for these "afternoon teas" where you try to hold a cup of tea in one hand and a piece of bread and butter about as thin as a sheet of paper in the other. He's a Lancashire man, and nearly everyone in Lancashire likes high tea. So do I. We have it between five end six o'clock, and we have ham or tongue and tomatoes and salad, or sausages, with good strong tea, plenty of bread and butter, then stewed fruit, or a tin of pears, apricots or pineapple with cream or custard and pastries or a good cake. And that's what I call a good tea.

M r s. P r i e s t 1e y: Have you now got what you wanted, Frieda?

F ri e d a: Yes, that is very useful, but I'd like to know ex­ actly how to lay a table and names of all the things you use.

M r s. P ri e s t 1e y: Well, here is Susan. She does it every day and will tell us what she does.

Su s a n: First, I spread the table cloth and then I put out table-mats to protect the table from hot plates and dishes - a small mat for each guest and larger ones for the hot dishes. I take out of the drawer in the sideboard all the cutlery - a fish-knife and fork for the fish, a large knife and fork for the meat, a small knife for the butter, and a fruit-knife for the dessert. Then there is a pudding-spoon and a fork for the sweet, and a soup-spoon for the soup.

I put the knives and the soup-spoon on the right-hand side and the forks on the left, except the pudding-spoon and fork, which I put across the top.

Then I put out the serving-spoons and forks, the carving­ knife and fork, the bread-board and a knife to cut the bread, and I sharpen the carving-knife, as I know Mr. Priestley hates a blunt carving-knife.

On the left of each guest I put a small plate for bread and on his right a wine-glass if we are having wine, and in the middle of the table I put a jug of water with a few pieces of ice from the refrigerator in it. Then I put out the table-napkins for each guest, put the coffee-cups and saucers, with cream and brown sugar and coffee-spoons on the tray, and I am ready for the guests to come in.

F r i e d a: Thank you very much, Susan.

There's another thing I want to ask you about, Mrs. Priest­ ley. I have never tasted anywhere else such lovely cake as I get at your house; will you please tell me how you make it?

M r s. P r i e s t l e y: I'm glad you enjoy my cakes and it's very nice of you to say so. They are quite easy to make. I'll write down the quantities of flour, butter, sugar, fruit, etc., that you need and directions for mixing and baking. If you follow these directions you can't go wrong.

Fr i e d a: Thank you very much, Mrs. Priestley. I'll do exactly what you tell me and if I can make a cake like yours I shall be very proud of myself.

H o b: Well, Frieda, I hope your cake will be better than those made by Aunt Aggie. I went to see her one day and found her nearly in tears. "What's the matter?" I asked.

"Oh", she said, "I've just made a cake and the mice have been and eaten it!"

"Well", I said, "why worry about what happens to a few mice?"

 

KOMMEHTAPHH

B 3TOM ypoKe HaM BCTpenDnich cnoBa, rrpoM3HOIIIem 1e KOTOpbIX MO)KeT Bbl3bIBaTb Tpy,ll;HOCTM. HarrpMMep, B CJIOBe marmalade TpM 6YKBhl a M Bee OHM rrpOM3HOC51TC51 no pa3HO­ MY ['ma:m;}le1d].

Bee 3TM cnoBa M MX rrpoM3HOIIIeHMe rrpMBO.ll:HTCH HM)Ke:

apricot ['e1pnkot], biscuit ['b1sk1t], cocoa ['bubu], drawer [dr;:,: ], fruit [fru:t], guest [gest], pastries ['pe1stnz], pears [pe;}z], pineapple ['pamrepl], salad [srel;}d], salmon ['srem;}n], spread [spred], steak [ste1k], stewed [stju:d], tomatoes [t;}'ma:t;}uz] 1, tongue [tAl]].

 

1 AMepl'!KllHCKilli sapmurr - [ta'me1tauz].

LAY

BoT Q:>opMhI 3Toro rnaroJia: lay, laying, laid, laid.

3TO rrepeXO,ll;HhIH (transitive) rnaroJI, T. e. IIOCJie Hero CTOHT

,z:i;orroJIHeHHe. BoT HeCKOJihKO rrpHMepoB ero yrroTpe6Jiemrn: Susan lays the table.

The chicken laid five eggs today.

In Shakespeare's "Macbeth", the scene is laid in Scotland.

Lay the flowers on the table.

 

Y nP A >K HE HHSI

I. Ilplf.!Q'Maihe npeAJIO:lKemm co CJIOBaMu:

1. meal. 2. ham. 3. salad. 4. important.

6. protect. 7. carve. 8. jug. 9. quantity.

II. 0TBeTbTe ua uonpocb1:

 

 

5. spread.

10. directions.

1. Why did Frieda want to know about English meals and cooking?

2. What are the names of the usual meals?

3. What, to English people, is "the Continent"?

4. What is a "continental breakfast"?

5. What, does Mrs. Priestley say, is "the usual English breakfast"?

6. What is the difference (in England) between "marmalade" and "jam"?

7. Where does a business man in London usually go for lunch?

8. What do the Priestleys have for lunch?

9. Mrs. Priestley said that afternoon tea was hardly a meal. What phrase did she use to describe it?

10. What did they have for their "special" dinner? Why was this a special dinner?

11. What is a "high tea"?

12. Why are table-mats used?

13. What is cutlery?

14. What is a carving-knife used for?

15. Where did Susan get the ice?

16. Mention three things used in making a cake.

)l;HKTaHT

(Susan speaking)

I like to lay the table carefully, especially when Mr. Priest­ ley has an important visitor to dinner. I put out the cutlery, which I clean and polish every week, and I sharpen the carv­ ing-knife because Mr. Priestley hates a blunt one. The cutlery

is kept in a drawer in the sideboard; the wine-glasses are on shelves in the sideboard.

Many of our visitors, especially if they are Americans, like ice in the drinking-water. Luckily we have a refrigerator in the kitchen, so I can always get ice. I am glad that I know how to do all these things well, because Joe (that's the man I am going to marry) is trying to buy a little cafe in the High Street, and when we are married I am going to help him to run the cafe. There won't be a nicer cafe than ours anywhere in England; you must come and see it when it is open.

Coquueuue

1. PaccKIOKllTe o nupore TeTu 3rm.

2. HanumuTe o HaOHaJihHOii IcyXHe Bameii cTpaH&I.

3. PaccKWKHTe (a) KaK Bbl HaKp&rnaeTe cToJI, (6) neqeTe nupor,

(B) uapHTe BKYCHblH KocJ>e.

4. OnumHTe noceII1eHue pecTopaHa.

LESSON 30

SOME MORE SHOPPING

M r. P r i e s t 1e y: I think it will be useful to know some­ thing more about shopkeepers and what they sell in their shops. Frieda, your conversation at the grocer's sounded so real that I am sure you are used to shopping of that kind.

F r i e d a: Well, my friend Mary Gardiner and I have a little flat together and we both do the shopping, generally on Satur­ day morning.

M r. P r i e s t 1e y: Today is Monday, so you probably re­ member what you and Mary did on Saturday morning. Could you tell us?

F r i e d a: I shall be very glad to do so. You will remember that I bought some bacon, tea and so on; there was really a lot more. I have the bill here, so you can see exactly what I got at grocer's. While I was there Mary went to Bones the butcher's for a small joint of beef and half a leg of lamb (about 2 to 3 lb.), and then to the greengrocer's, which is also a fruiterer's, for 2 lb. of eating apples and 2 lb. of cooking apples, a dozen oranges, 1 lb. of mixed nuts, 2 lb. of beans, 8 lb. of potatoes and a good-sized cabbage.

I called round at the dairy to pay our bill for the milk (1 pint daily), the cream and the new-laid eggs (1 dozen) that had been sent to our flat during the last week. Mary went to the fishmoger's to get some herrings for our supper.

We went together to the baker's and paid for the bread that we had had, two brown loaves, two white loaves and six rolls, and bought 1 lb. of fruit cake and half a dozen small cakes (he's a confectioner as well as a baker) - and then went home, feeling rather tired.

M r. P r i e s t 1e y: Well, Frieda, you have certainly given us some useful vocabulary there.

H ob: A confectioner is a man who makes cakes, isn't he, sir? M r. P r i e st l e y: Yes.

H o b: Good. Then I know a story about a confectioner. M r. P r i e s t 1e y: All right, Hob, let us hear it.

H o b: Well it's really about two confectioners in the main street of Lawton Cross, where my Uncle Tom lived. Their shops were just opposite each other and there was great rivalry between them. One day one of them put a big notice in his shop window:

 

About an hour later his rival put a notice in his shop window:

 

* * *

I'm sorry I can't tell you one about a butcher, but I can give

you a short conversation I heard between Uncle Tom and the butcher at Lowton Cross. Tom never got married, and he used to do all his own cleaning and cooking and shopping. One day I went with him to the butcher's and this was the conversation that I heard:

U n c 1e T o m: Is the beef tender? 1

B u t c h e r (he'd just fallen-in-love with Daisy Bell, one of the girls in our village): Tender, Tom? It's as tender as a wo­ man's heart.

U n c 1e T o m: Oh! Then I'll take a pound of sausages, instead.

* * *

M r. P r i e s t l e y: Now, Pedro, suppose you tell us some­ thing about men's shops.

P e d r o: Well, I often go to a men's outfitter when I want new gloves or ties, socks, handkerchiefs or shirts. The one I go to in Regent Street has also hats and collars, and all of very good quality.

M r. P r i e s t 1e y: What size do you take in hats, collars and gloves?

P e d r o: Oh, yes; the English sizes are not the same as most continental ones. I take size 7 inhats, 15 in collars, 8 in gloves

and 8 1 h in shoes.

H o b: You sound as if you were bigger round the neck than round the head!

P e d r o: Another shop I go to frequently is he tobacconist. I always have the same kind of cigarette, a hand-made Virgi­ nia, though he has excellent Turkish and Egyptian cigarettes too, and he has all the popular kinds in packets of ten and

 

1AHTOHF!MOM K tender meat JIBJUieTCH tough [tAf] meat; aHTOHllMOM tender­ hearted MO)KeT 61>1TD hard-hearted.

twenty and boxes of fifty and a hundred. He has, too, a good choice of lighters, cigarette-holders and cigarette-cases. Ifyou are a pipe-smoker you can get good pipes and pouches, and he has an excellent quality of pipe tobacco in 1 oz. packets and 2 oz. and 4 oz. tins.

Then I went yesterday to the newsagent to pay my bill for papers. He is a bookseller and stationer as well as a newsagent, and I gave him an order for a new book that I wanted. I had borrowed it from the library, but I liked it so much that I wanted to have a copy of my own. At the same time I ordered three or four boxes of writing-paper and a hundred envelopes.

Then I went along Piccadilly to the Fine Art Galleries. I had seen a water-colour that I liked, so I had it sent to my rooms. It was about one o'clock by this time and I had an appointment for lunch at the Ritz with a friend, so I turned in there - and that was my morning.

M r. P r i e s t l e y: Very good. Now, Lucille, can you tell us a little about your shopping?

L u c i 11e: I went to Bond Street one day last week to have a look at a hat that I had been told had just arrived from Paris. I tried it on and liked it very much, so I bought it.

I needed a new pair of dancing-shoes; my present ones are rather worn and I am going to a dance tonight. I saw a beau­ tiful pair of walking shoes in snake skin, so I bought those as well and had them sent to my address.

Then I remembered that I wanted a new toothbrush. There was a chemist's near, so I went in. They had some new face cream and a face powder that the chemist said was very good, but I never use anything but Guerlain from Paris. I a lways get my lipstick from Paris, too, but unfortunately I lost my lipstick yesterday, the last one that I had, so I had to buy a new one there. It is quite good, but not like my Parisian one.

My watch doesn't go very well just now; it has been gaining about ten minutes a day for some time, and every now and then it stops altogether for no reason at all. I took it to a watchmaker just off Bond Street so that he could examine it. He said it wanted cleaning, so I left it with him.

I called in at Cartier's the jeweller's to buy a birthday present for my sister, Marie. They showed me some lovely ear-rings, necklaces and bracelets, but I finally decided on a very pretty brooch of diamonds and rubies set in platinum - and that completed my shopping.

H o b: When I hear Lucille talking about diamonds and rubies and platinum, it reminds me of something that hap­ pened a long time ago. Uncle Albert was just beginning to make his fortune and he had been invited to a big party in Manchester. The invitation was for

 

Mr. Albert Hobdell and Lady.

Uncle Albert hadn't a wife so he took his mother with him, my grandmother; he was very proud of his mother, even if she wasn't a "lady". Well, they happened to sit next to a woman (or should I say, a "lady"?) who was very anxious that you should know how much jewellery she had and how wealthy she was.

"I clean my diamonds with warm water", she said "my rubies with red wine, my emeralds with brandy and my sap­ phires with fresh milk. What do you do?" she said, turning to Albert's mother.

"Oh! I don't clean mine at all", she said smilingly, "when they get dirty, I just throw them away".

 

"I JUST THROW THEM AWAY"

 

Y nP A >K HE HHSI

I. Ilpll):Q'Maifre npe;:vm1KeHlrn co CJIOBaMu:

 

1. flat (noun)	5. rival	9. quality
2. bill	6. rob	10. packet
3. joint	7. poison	11. borrow
4. dairy	8. tender	12. brooch

II. Ilpll):Q'MaiiTe nperoio1KeHnR co cJie,!Q'IOMu CJIOBocoqeTaH HRMH H3 ypoKa 30:

and so on; to fall in love; try it on; make his fortune; very anxious; get dirty; you are used to; you used to.

III. qTo BblMOlKeTe KynHTb y:

1. a men's outfitter's 4. a jeweller's

2. a tobacconist's 5. a chemist's

3. a stationer' s 6. a grocer's

 

7. a greengrocer's

8. a diary

9. a baker's

IV. Ky,!1,a 6b1 Bbl noWJiu noKynaTb cJie,!l,ylOIIIHe npe,!1,MeTb1:

1. a pencil 11. writing- paper

2. a brooch 12. a lady's hat

3. cream 13. a watch

4. a toothbrush 14. a ring

5. a pair of socks 15. a cabbage

6. apples 16. bicuits

7. a packet of cigarettes 17. a piece of beef

8. a water-colour 18. a herring

9. a shirt 19. a loaf

10. a daily paper 20. a book?

V.I lepecKalKHTe cJie,!l,ylOIIIHe paccKa3blXo6a:

1. Uncle Albert's mother.

2. The notice outside the confectioner's shop.

3. Uncle Tom and the butcher.

Coquueuue

1. lepecKalKHTe paCCKa3bl nepCOHalKeH 0 DOKynKax, KOTOpb e OHH C,!1,e­

JlaJIH. McnoJib3yH.Te KaK MOlKHO 6oJibme CJIOB, CBJI3aHHblX c KalK,!l,blM OT,!1,eJibHb M Mara3HHOM.

2. OnumuTe noce111euue KaKoro-uu6y,!l,b Mara3uua, o KOTopoM B TeKcTe ue rOBOpHJIOCb.

LESSON 31

DRESS

M r. P r i e s t 1e y: I think it's your tum to speak to us to­ day, Lucille, and I want you to talk about clothes. Then we will ask Pedro and Olaf to speak about men's clothes.

L u c i 11e: I am very pleased to talk about clothes. They are something that I am realy interested in. I like to have pretty dresses of the latest fashion and style, well-cut tailored cos­ tumes, nylon "undies"1, nylon stockings and well-made shoes. In the morning I generally wear a blouse and skirt or a jumper and skirt, especially in winter. In spring or summer I like something lighter, and I wear a cotton or a linen frock and a hat to match. In the evenings I like to dress for dinner, especially if I am going out to a theatre or a dance. My favour­ ite is a black evening dress, beautifully cut. With this dress

I wear platinum and pearl ear-rings and a necklace of pearls.

For tennis I wear a short white linen dress, and for the seaside a beach dress.

P e d r o: I, too, like well-cut clothes, so I always go to a good tailor. When I want a new suit I go to his shop and look at the patterns or the rolls of cloth that he shows me, and I choose the one that I want. I prefer suits of dark brown or grey or blue.

It pays to choose a good cloth for a suit; then it wears well and keeps its shape.

As I always go to the same tailor, he knows my measurements and doesn't need to take them again every time. But sometimes he measures me again just to make sure I haven't got fatter or thinner since my last suit.

I usually got for a fitting in about a week's time. Sometimes there are slight alterations to be made -the sleeve to be made a little shorter, the trouser­ leg a little longer, the coat to be let out a little (if I have grown fatter) or taken in a little (if I have grown thin­ ner) or a button to be moved half an inch or so. But often the fit is perfect,

 

1 undies - HIDKHee 6em,e (pa3r.).

and the tailor can finish the suit without making any altera­ tions at all.

In the evening I dress for dinner, generally in a dinner jacket, with black tie, but if I am going to a dance I wear full evening dress ("tails"), with a white tie.

01a f: Well, to begin at the beginning; in the morning I take off my pyjamas-

H o b: Oh, that reminds me of the story of the famous big-game hunter. He was showing a charming young lady the skin of a lion that he had shot. "One night", he said, "I heard the roar of a lion: I jumped out of bed and shot it in my pY.iamas".

"Good heavens", she said, "however did it get in your py­ jamas?"

01a f: To come back to what I was saying. I take off my pY.iamas, have my bath, and then put on my vest, pants, shirt, collar and tie, socks, trousers, waistcoat (or sometimes a pull­ over) and jacket. When I go out in the winter I put on an overcoat or a raincoat, gloves and a hat, or sometimes, in the country, a cap. If it is very cold, I sometimes wear a scarf round my neck. My clothes are not so expensive as Pedro's and I can usually get a good suit ready-made; this is consider­ ably cheaper than having it made to measure.

H o b: I once knew a man who was so fat that the only ready-made thing that fitted him was a handkerchief.

01a f: I like rough tweeds or a sports jacket and flannel trousers. My clothes don't keep their shape so well, perhaps, as Pedro's suits, and so my trousers have never as beautiful a crease as Pedro's, but they are fine for walking in the country, for climbing or for golf, and they wear for years without getting worn out.

I like a good strong pair of shoes for country wear and a lighter pair for town wear, and, as I always wear out the heels rather quickly, I usually ask the shoemaker to put iron tips on the heels of my country shoes and rubber tips on my town shoes.

H o b: I don't trouble much about clothes and I couldn't tell nylon from cotton, or a well-cut suit from a badly cut one; all I know is that women now wear ounces of clothes where they used to wear pounds -but they pay pounds for the ounces. But your talk about clothes reminds me of a story. There was a fire in the middle of the night at a country house, and as some of the guests were standing outside watching the flames,

another guest joined them. "There was no need for you people to get so excited", he said. "Now look at me; when Iheard people shouting that the house was on fire Igot out of bed, lit a cigarette, and went on calmly with my dressing; - in fact when Ihad put my tie on, Ithought it didn't match my shirt very well, so Itook it off and put on another. Ididn't lose my head at all. When there is a danger Ialways keep calm, per­ fectly calm".

"That's good", said one of his friends, "but why haven't you put your trousers on?"

 

THE PASSIVE INFINITIVE

Hu<]>uuumu6 6 cmpaiJame.llbHOM Jtl.lloze

B ypoKe 23 MhI roBopmrn: 11 rrp11Bo,n,ID111 rrp11Mepn1,n,ell:­ CTBllTeJinHoro 11 CTPa,IJ,aTeJinHoro 3aJiora. B,n,ell:crn11TeJinHOM 3aJiore 11H<l>11H11T11B 11MeeT <l>OPMY to make, to let, to move. B 3TOM ypoKe 11crroJih3YJOTCH <l>opMhI 11H<l>11H11T11Ba B CTPa,n,a­ TeJinHOM 3aJiore. Harrp11Mep:

There are alterations to be made.

The sleeve needs to be made a little shorter, the coat to be let

out or to be taken in. A button has to be moved.

e:::i. Y nP A >K HE HHSI

I. IlpH,!Q'MaiiTe npe,!Vlo.xceu1m co CJIOBaMu:

1. style. 2. costume. 3. blouse. 4. wear. 5. slipper. 6. pattern.

7. measurement. 8. alteration. 9. button. 10. skin. 11. raincoat.

12. scarf. 13. ready-made. 14. rough. 15. calm.

II.0TBeThTe ua Bonpoch1:

1. What is a costume?

2. What are Lucille's stockings made of?

3. What does she generally wear in the morning (a) in winter,

(b) in summer?

4. Describe Lucille's dress when she is going out to a theatre or dance.

5. Where does one wear (a) a necklace, (b) ear-rings,

(c) socks, (d) gloves, (e) a cap, (f) a scarf?

6. Are shoes the same as slippers? What is the difference?

7. When Pedro goes to get a suit, what does the tailor show him?

8. Why does it pay to choose good cloth for a suit?

9. When must a suit be "let out", and when must it be "taken in"?

10. What is the difference in Pedro's clothes (a) when he is going to dinner, (b) when he is going to a dance?

11. What noise does a lion make?

12. What does Olaf generally wear?

13. When does he wear (a) a cap, (b) a raincoat, (c) a scarf?

14. What is the opposite of "a suit made to measure"?

15. How could you tell a pair of Olaf s trousers from a pair of Pedro's?

16. Make sentences to illustrate two meanings of tip.

17. What is (a) a man who makes shoes, (1) a man who makes clothes for men, (c) a man who shoots lions,

(d) a visitor who is staying in your house, (e) a man who sells ear-rings, necklaces, etc.?

18. On page 330 Hob uses the word pounds with two meanings. Say what they are.

III. OfrM CHHTe 3uaqeuuJ1 3THX cJioB u cJioeocoqeTaunii: u nplf,IQ'Maii:Te c HHMH npe)VI01KeHHJI:

1. a cap to match. 2. I go for a fitting. 3. the coat is let out or taken in. 4. the fit is perfect. 5. "tails". 6. ready-made. 7. the clothes keep their shape. 8. my trousers haven't so beautiful a crease as Pedro's. 9. They wear for years without getting worn out. 10. I didn't lose my head.

Coquueuue

1. IlepecKIDKHTe paccKa3 Xo6a 06 (a) oxoTHHKe ua Kpynuyro.!Uf'lb,

(6) D01Kape B,!1,epeeeHCKOM,ll,OMe.

2. OnumnTe O,ll,e}K)Q', KOTopaH B,ll,aHHb ii: MOMeHT ua Bae.

3. HanumnTe pa3roeop ua TeMy: "Avisit to the tailor" (or dressmaker).

LESSON 32