Participles Used as Adjectives

Participles can also be used as adjectives to describe nouns. The difference between the present participle and the past participle can make quite a difference in meaning:

The bored man went to sleep during the discussion.
The boring man put other people to sleep during the discussion.

In the first sentence the past participle 'bored' is used to mean that the man himself was bored, in the second sentence the present participle 'boring' is used to mean that the man was boring to others.

Participles Used as Adverbs

The present participle is sometimes used as an adverb to describe the manner in which a verb is performed. Here are a few examples:

She taught pounding the grammar into their heads!
Angelo works considering all angles.

Notice how the present participle could be preceded with 'by' to give the same meaning:

She taught (by) pounding the grammar into their heads!
Angelo works (by) considering all angles.

Participles Used like Clauses

Finally, participles are also used in short phrases that function as clauses. In some cases, the phrase containing the participle drops the relative pronoun:

Who's that boy playing the piano? - (Who is that boy who playing the piano?)
That's the man remembered by his friends. - (That is the man who was remembered by his friends.)

These structures can also introduce sentences with either the present participle or the past participle:

Spending all his free-time in the library, he continued to learn outside of class.
Left alone with no where to go, Mary decided to return home a few days early.

Perfect Participle образуется от причастия настоящего времени глагола to have – having и Past Participle смыслового глагола.

Примеры: to write – having written – написав
to tell – having told – сказав

Отрицательная частица not ставится перед причастием:

to ask – not asking – не спрашивая

Perfect Participle Active or Passive

Fill in the Perfect Participle. Decide whether to use active or passive.

1. (stop) the car, the police officer wanted to see the documents.

2. (write) the test, we felt relieved.

3. (work) all day, we were quite exhausted in the evening.

4. (send) to counter 24, I had to return to counter 3.

5. (confess), he was accused of even more criminal offences.

6. (arrive) at the station, we called a taxi.

7. (type) by the secretary, the letter was signed by the boss.

8. (interrupt) several times, he was rather annoyed.

9. (live) in Oxford for two years, she spoke English like a native speaker.

10. (rescue), the injured man was taken to hospital.

Rewrite the sentences replacing the italic part with a perfect participle.

1. We switched off the lights before we went to bed.
→ we went to bed.

2. The boy asked his mother's permission and then went out to play.
→ the boy went out to play.

3. As he had drunk too much, he didn't drive home himself.
→ he didn't drive home himself.

4. We have written two tests today, so we are very exhausted.
→ we are very exhausted.

5. She filled the washing machine and switched it on.
→ she switched it on.

6. She had been to the disco the night before and overslept in the morning.
→ she overslept in the morning.

7. We had worked in the garden all day and were sunburned in the evening.
→ we were sunburned in the evening.

8. She had not slept for two days and therefore wasn't able to concentrate.
→ she wasn't able to concentrate.

9. Since I had not seen him for ages, I didn't recognize him.
→ I didn't recognize him.

10. I had not ridden a horse for a long time and found it very difficult to keep in the saddle.
→ I found it very difficult to keep in the saddle.

Presentation of the text – 20 min.

Pre-listening task

Answer the questions

1) What does the word “case history” mean?

2) Who fills the patient’s case history?

3) What information writes the doctor in case history?

 

Listening

Listen to the text paying attention to pronunciation of words (audio-cassette)

Reading