Substitutes of Nouns one (ones), that of (those of)

The pronouns one (ones), that of (those of) are used instead of the Noun to avoid its repeat.

The pronouns one and that of are used for substitution the Nouns in singular form; ones, those of in plural form.

For example:

1. – Is there a bank near here?

-Yes, there is one at the end of the street. (one = a bank)

2) Her sleep must have been like that of a child.

3) Compare these maps with those on the blackboard.

Reading

Study the table

Pronouns	Examples
one	The right atrium is larger than the left one
ones	Some muscles are more elastic than the other ones
that of	I shall examine your patient and that of Dr. Ivanov
those of	The walls of the left atrium are thicker than those of the right one.

 

Writing

Look through the text “The lungs” and find the sentences with pronouns one (ones). Translate them.

Writing

Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Pronouns one (ones), that (those)

1. I don’t like this book, give me another one.

2. The bones of the extremities are longer than those of the spine.

3. The bones of the skull are those which compose the head and the face.

4. This lecture is more interesting than the one I attended last week.

5. The weight of the lung is less than that of the heart.

 

Work out №2

 

Speaking

Work on lexics (consolidation)

What new words did you learn from the text “The lungs”?

Translate:

Lateral cavity, chest, pleura, conical base, apex, border, surface, rib, diaphragm, weight, heavy, lower, upper, pale, rose colour, elastic tissue, proper substance.

Guess:

1. The main organs of the respiratory system.

2. On a side; sideways

3. The front part of the body between the neck and the waist

4. The general form or condition of something

5. Each of the curved bones round the chest

6. The muscular layer inside the body that separates the chest from the abdomen and is used in breathing.

Writing

Do ex.3 from the textbook, p.78

Writing.

Replace given adjectives and adverbs in the following word combinations to antonyms.

1. The right leg

2. A fat infant

3. A light weight

4. Below the heart

5. Internal surface

6. Outer layer

7. Lower lobe

Writing

Fill in the prepositions:

1. The lungs are separated…… each other…… the mediastinum.

2. The lung apex extends 3-4cm …….the level …… the first rib.

3. ……adults the colour…….the lungs is darker than….infants.

4. The posterior borders ……the lungs are …..each side….the spinal column.

Translate the following sentences paying attention to the underlined words:

1. The mediastinum separating the lungs is located in the chest cavity.

2. Separating the lungs the mediastinum extends between the breastbone and the spinal column.

3. The pleura covering the lungs and the walls of the chest cavity forms the plural cavity.

4. Covering the lungs and the walls of the chest cavity the pleura forms the pleural cavity.

Speaking

Complete the dialogue

1. ……………………….?

Yes, the lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system

3. ……………………….?

Yes, the lungs are covered with the pleura

5. ………………………..

They are conical in shape.

7. …………………………?

In the adult male the weight of the lungs is about 1,350 gr.

9. ………………………..?

Yes, the right lung is heavier than the left one.

11. ……………………….?

The vital capacity of the lungs is 3.5-4 litres in the male and it is 3-3.5 litres in the female.

13. ………………………..?

The lower lobe of the left lung is larger than the upper one.

15. …………………………?

In infants the lungs are of a pale rose colour

17. ……………………………?

The lung is covered with an external serous coat

19. ……………………………..?

The parenchyma or proper substance of the lungs consists of the bronchial tree with elastic tissue and vessels.

Answer the questions.

1. What’s the shape of the lungs?

2. What’s the shape of the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae?

3. What does pleura cover?

4. At what level is the base of the heart located?

5. What does the mediastinum separate?

6. What’s the vital capacity of the lungs in the male?

7. What’ the vital capacity of the lungs in the female?

8. What’s the proper number of the vertebrae in the cervical part of the spine?

9. What’s the proper length of the spinal column?

 

A pair work

Make up a dialogue on the text “The Lungs”.

Speaking

Retell the text “The Lungs”.

 

Writing

Fill in the pronouns that, those. Translate the sentences:

1. The temperature of the boy is higher than…….. of the girl.

2. The climate in the Urals is colder than…… in the Ukraine.

3. The articles in special journals are more scientific than …..in popular ones.

4. His knowledge is more universal than….. of his friend.

5. The examination in Histology is more difficult than……..in Biology.

Writing

Translate the following sentences paying attention to the pronouns one (ones), that (those):

1. The right atrium is larger than the left one, but the walls of the left atrium are thicker than those of the right one.

2. The left ventricle is longer and more conical than the right one.

3. The walls of the left ventricle are three times as thick as the walls of the right one.

4. The muscular structure of the heart consists of fibrous bands divided into two groups - the first ones are the fibrous bands of the atria and the second ones are the fibrous bands of the ventricles.

Speaking

Do ex. 16 from the textbook, p.77

Make up your own examples using one (ones), that (those).

 

Control: test

Choose the right answer.

1. The main organs of the respiratory system

1. The heart b) the brain c) the liver d) the lungs e) the kidneys

2. The lungs are separated from each other by the

1. Pleura b) mediastinum c) lobe d) base e) apex

2. The lungs are covered with the

1. Cavity b) apex c) lobe d) mediastinum e) pleura

2. What is the shape of the lungs?

1. Conical b) round c) square d) oval e) triangle

2. What is the weight of the lungs in the adult male?

1. 1.250gr b) 1.350 c) 1.450gr d) 350gr e) 450gr

2. What is the vital capacity of the lungs in the male?

1. 3-3.5 liters b) 3-5 liters c) 3.5-4 liters d) 4.5-5 liters e) 6 liters

2. What is the vital capacity of the lungs in the female?

1. 3-3.5 liters b) 3.5-4 liters c) 4.5-5 liters d) 3-5 liters e) 6 liters

2. How many lobes does the right lung consist of?

1. 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 1 e) 5

2. The right lung is about …….heavier than the left one.

1. 10% b) 20% c) 15% d) 5% e) 25%

2. In infants the lungs are of a ………colour

1. Red b) dark c) blue d) brown e) pale rose

 

 

Theme: The Alimentary tract

 

Lexics: new words & word – combinations

Grammar: Present Participle (Participle I), its functions & forming

 

Aims:

Didactic aims: to form the following components of competence in students:

to teach the students to tell about the structure of the alimentary tract & use it in their speech

before speaking on the text a student should revise the grammar, new words & word – combinations of the text “The Alimentary Tract” & should be asked for home task on reading

 

· Practical(operational) component:

a) to form students’ skills on listening (audition), reading the text with a help and without help of dictionary

b) to form students’ skills on extracting necessary information from the text, summarizing and rendering it for using in the process of educational-professional communication

· Self studying competence:

a) to form students’ habits on working with professional medicinal supplementary literature in informative means of communication

b) to develop students’ habits on enlarging their lexics

Urgency of the theme:

Medical students must know the importance of studying medical clinical lexics to describe clinical picture of a disease, which they’ll study at clinical disciplines.

Literature:

Maslova A.M. Essential English for medical students, pp.81-83

Tasks:

a) to teach students to do morphological analysis of words, paying attention to the Greek term – elements

b) to develop students’ skills on monological speech on the given theme for making up a dialogue-conversation by using new lexics and grammar

 

 

c) to teach students to read the text with commenting and giving their opinion

Procedure of the lesson

Issues to be studied:

a) medical terms, describing the disease “ Alimentary tract”

c) Present Participle (Participle I), its functions & forming

 

Methods of teaching:

Associograms, verbal-graphic method, inductive method, method of integration (use of background knowledge of the passed disciplines in English), roleplays, creative tasks.

Means of teaching:

visual aids, tables, schemes, pictograms, cards.

 

Presentation of grammar

 

Present Participle (Participle I), its functions & forming

 

Grammar:

-Remind grammar: (look at grammar reference, pp. 296 –297)

Present Participle is formed by adding the suffix - ing to the stem of the verb;

Participle Present is translated in Russian действительным причастием с суффиксами -ущ (ющ), -ащ (ящ) to carry – carrying -несущий, to make – making -делающий.

 

Speaking

1. Read & translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the use of construction Present Participle

 

1). The liver consisting of lobes is covered with a fibrous coat. 2. The peritoneum is a serous coat covering the inner surface of the abdominal wall. 3. The blood passing through the portal vein is carried to the liver. 4. Making the medical examination of the patient the doctor considered that his condition was normal. 5. The fibrous bands forming the muscular structure of the heart are divided into two groups.

 

2). Make up sentences, using constructions of Participle I & translate them

a) of, going, I, friend, home, a, mine, met;

b) blood, system, the,and, to, the, from, tissues, of, the, general, body, vessels, the, compose, carrying;

c) organs, in, cavity, the, thoracic, the, lungs, inner, the, are;

d) on, dilated, the, vessels, locating, the, of, anterior, were, the, arm, blood, surface

 

Writing

1). Find in the text all sentences in which the constructions of Participle I, make up 4 sentences of your own according to the main contents of the text, using these constructions in them.

 

2). Find in section [b] the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations from section [a]:

to measure the length of the bone, pyriform shape, connective tissue, the upper part of the abdominal cavity, abdomen, the tongue was coated, the lower portion of the stomach, the weight of the salivary glands, exact length of the intestine, serous coat, let me see your tongue, to pass through the vessels, a thin – walled muscular tube, the hard & soft palates are in the mouth, the form of the stomach.

 

Presentation of lexics