Look at the list of the new words

Practice saying the words. Pay attention to the stress

-the students will get acquainted with the structure of the

alimentary tract;

-the students should know lexics & grammar material of the

- theme, use it in monologues & dialogues, to ask & answer the

questions, to improve reading, listening & speaking;

-it would help the student to draw a topic about the structure of

alimentary tract due to the given text.

Vocabulary and pronunciation Listening

Remember the pronunciation of the following words:

 

 

Read & pay attention of pronunciation the words

Anus, tongue, pharynx, stomach, colon, muscular membraneous, intestine, mouth, gallbladder, pancreas, pancreas, salivary, locate, estimate, dilate, mouth, jaw, skull.

 

Remember the pronunciation of the following words & word-combinations & learn them.

a) The lower portion of the stomach, to measure the length of the bone, let me see your tongue, the tongue was coated, the intestines are in the abdominal cavity membraneous, pyriform in shape, the alimentary canal, a thin – walled muscular tube, the salivary glands, the oral cavity, a muscular membraneous canal.

 

 

Salivary, a [ sælivəri ]

Anus, n [’einəs]

Abdominal, a [’æbdəmenal ]

Small & large intestine [in’testin]

Mouth, n [ mauθ ]

Pelvis, n [pelvis]

Hollow | a | sac, [holou]

Pancreas, n [pæηkriəs]

To lay, v [lei ] past от lie

Weight, n [weit]

To locate, v [lou’ keit]

To connect, v [kə ’nekt]

 

Combine the adjectives with the proper nouns given below.

translate your word combinations:

Pale, exact, hard, serous, salivary, inner, vital, connective

_________________________________________________

gland, palate, length, coat, tissue, layer, capacity, face

 

2. Read & Translate the following words:

Covered – covering; extended – extending; varied – varying; separated – separating; included –including; dilated – dilating; contracted – contracting.

 

3. Translate the following sentences:

Andreas Vesalius was the first anatomist to describe the structure of the human organs in connection with their functions. 2. To determine the borders of the heart is not an easy matter for a medical student. 3.The doctor changed the treatment to restore the patient s health as rapidly as possible.

Presentation of the text

Listening

Pre-reading exercises

Answer the questions

 

1. What portions is the alimentary tract composed of?

2. What organ is located in the thoracic cavity on each side of the mediastinum?

3. What do we taste with?

4. What organ is located in the right upper part of the abdominal cavity under the diaphragm?

5. What organ is located within the abdominal cavity on the lower surface of the liver?

6. What organ is located in the oral cavity?

7. What organ is located within the chest in the pericardium?

8. Where is the pancreas located?

9. What is the proper length of the muscular membraneous canal?

10. What is included in the oral cavity?

Reading

Read the text by yourself

Listen to the text paying attention to pronunciation of words.

 

The Alimentary Tract

The alimentary tract is a muscular membraneous canal about 8 m (metres) in length.It extends from the oral cavity to the anus. It consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The liver with gallbladder and pancreas are the large glands of the alimentary tract.

The first division of the alimentary tract is formed by the mouth. Important structures of the mouth are the teeth and the tongue, which is the organ of taste (вкуса). The soft and hard palates and the salivary glands are also in the oral cavity.

From the mouth food passes through the pharynx to the esophagus and then to the stomach.

The stomach is a dilated portion of the alimentary canal. It is in the upper part of the abdomen under the diaphragm. It measures about 21-25 cm in length, 8-9 cm in its greatest diameter. It has a capacity of from 2.14 to 4.28 1 (litres).

The small intestine is thin – walled muscular tube about 6.5 metres long. It is located in the middle portion of the abdominal cavity. The small intestine is composed of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum.

The large intestine is about 1.5 metres long. It is divided into caecum, colon, sigmoud and rectum.

The liver is the largest gland in the human body. It is in the right upper part of the abdominal cavity under the diaphragm. The weight of the liver is 1.500gr. The gallbladder is a hollow sac() lying on the lower surface of the liver.

The pancreas is a long thin gland lying behind the stomach

3). Active Words & Word Combinations:

Upper, lower, to consist of, to contain, internal, mouth, tongue, palate, to connect, abdomen, cavity, abdominal, stomach, liver, spleen, intestine, gallbladder, important, portion, also, measure, tube, gland, ileum, caecum, colon, jejunum, duodenum, pharynx, anus, pancreas, bladder, spleen, teeth,